介词和介词短语.doc

介词和介词短语 介词是一种虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与它后面的名词或代词（或相当于名词的其它词类、短语或从句）构成介词短语，才能在句子中充当一个成分，且在句子的构成中起着非常重要的作用。在中考中几乎各种题型都能考到介词，多为直接考察几个常用介词的用法，同时也会考一些固定搭配。需要我们在备考时注意归纳、总结， 记清一些固定搭配。在何时 at, on, in 表示时间的介词 在期间 during, for, fromto 其它 before, after, since, until, till, between, by 在 上面/下面 on, over, under, above, below 在前面/后面before, in (the) front of, behind, at the back of 表示地点的介词 在中间 between, among, in the middle of 在旁边near, by, beside 在里面/外面inside, outside 到、朝、向 to, at, for 从 from, off介词 表示方向的介词 进入， 从出来 into, out of 经过，通过，穿过 across, by, over, through 表示方式、方法、手段的介词 by, in, with 在方面 in, at 数量 about, over, round 除以外 except, besides, but 其它常用介词的用法 关于 on, about 有，没有 with, without 代替 instead, instead of 用在固定搭配中的介词l 表示时间的介词1、 在何时 at, on, inat 用于表示某一具体时间 at night, at noon, at that time, at lunch, at the age of, at first;on用来表示某一天，或某天的上午、下午、晚上。on Monday, on New Years Day, on Monday afternoon, on a cold winter eveningin 用来表示一段时间， 还可用在月、季节、年等时间短语前. in the morning, in August, in 1984, in half an hour, in spring, in a minute2、 在期间 during, for, fromtoduring 表示在期间 during the summer holiday, during the last three yearsfor 表示达，计for four years, for a long time, for a momentfromto 表示从到 from July to August, from Monday to Friday3、其它 before, after, since, until, till, between, by before/after: I will be free before ten oclock tomorrow. He always watches TV after supper. since/for: He has lived in New York since 1985. We have been here for five years. until/till: He didnt leave the swimming pool until closing time. The meeting will last till five oclock.( until的动词为点动词) between: He was at middle school between 1983 and 1997. by: All of us must be at the school gate by six tomorrow morning. By the time of last week, we had finished all the lessons for this term.l 表示地点的介词1、 在 上面/下面 on, over, under, above, belowon, over, above表示在之上，on多用于与物体有接触时，位于物体的表面、边上、线上；above侧重于指上下位置，over则侧重于横跨两端或有覆盖的含义。Theres a book on the table. The picture is above the map. She spread a cloth over the table. There is a bridge over the river.under/ below: 均有在之下的含义，under 与on 相反，而below则与above 相反。 The water reached a few inches below/ under the knees. The temperature today is below 0. Play under the tree put sth under the bed2、在前面/后面before, in (the) front of, behind, at the back of The children are playing in front of the house. Who is the man standing before the fire? He stood before his teacher, not knowing what to say. There is a desk in the front of the classroom. (在教室里面的前面) There is a tree in front of the house.3、在中间 between, among, in the middle of between表示在两者之间；among表示在中间（三者以上）；in the middle of则强调处于中心位置或中心附近。 You can sit between him and me. There is a picture hanging between the two windows. The animals usually hide among the trees during the daytime. I couldnt find him among the crowd. There is a desk in the middle of the classroom.4、在旁边near, by, beside The Smiths live near a park. She sat in the chair beside the door. The man standing beside the car is Mr White. Harry is standing by the window. She has a scarf around her neck. The children gathered around the teacher.5、在里面/外面inside, outside Whats there inside the box, do you know? She was told to wait outside the classroom. The Purple Mountain is located outside the city of Nanjing.l 表示方向的介词1、 到、朝、向 to, at, forThey walked to the sports ground. Dont laugh at others. The ship started for London.2、从 from, off I borrowed some books from the library just now. she fell off the ladder and hurt her leg.3、进入， 从出来 into, out of He poured some milk into the cup. I watched him go into the library.4、经过，通过，穿过 across, by, over, through The ball rolled across the grass. They managed to swim across the river. I dont think anyone can jump over the fence. Lots of planes fly over the city every day. The policeman forced his was through the crowd.l 表示方式、方法、手段的介词表示方式、方法、手段的介词 by, in, withby表示用方式、方法 途径的常用介词，后面接的名词通常不用介词。Mr Green usually goes to work by car. He makes a living by selling newspapers.in表示用方式、材料、途径、语言，也可用于表示交通方式（in ones car） He wrote many letters in English. You can do this in a different way.with表示带着，伴随，后接具体的工具、手段、材料或其他行为方式。 He plays table tennis with his left hand. He told me to write with a pen. Im glad youre going with me.l 其它1、 在方面 in, atJoan does well in dancing. Robert is clever at math.2、 数量 about, over, roundWe have about rwo hours to do it. Its about forty.Shes over 30.There are over eighty students in the class. The pen cost round $5.It is round 5 oclock.3、 除以外 except, besides, butexcept表示除了以外 We all went to the Summer Palace except him. All went swimming except Lucy. 在否定句中except, besides 均可。 They didnt know the answer except/ besides Tom. besides表示除了以外，还有，He posted me nothing besides/ except a letter. Who else will go to the cinema besides Jack？ but表示除之外，多于nobody, none, no one, nothing, anything, everyone, all, who连用 No one but Tom went there 4、 关于 on, about, ofon表示论述常与speak, talk, write, lecture 等词连用 He is writing a book on cooking. The professor is going to speak on the importance of learning foreign languages.about表示关于 He told me a lot about him in the summer vacation. Im sorry I know nothing about it. Its a story about love.5、 有，没有 with, withoutThe man with a pair of thick glasses is our physics teacher. He lives in Nanjing, a city with a history of over 2000 years. I cant do it without your help. We cant live without air and water. 6、 代替 instead, instead of两个词都有代替的意思，但用法不同，instead 是副词，可放在句首或句尾；instead of是介词短语， 表示代替意义时， 后面接名词或动名词。 If you are very busy, you may come another day instead. Ill go instead of you. Mr Li gave us a lesson instead of Miss Liu.7、 用在固定搭配中的介词与形容词副词搭配部分：be able to, be angry with, be afraid of, be born in/ on, be famous for, be late for, be proud of, be sorry for, be worried aboutExercises1. - What do you usually get up every day? - _ about 6:00 a.m.a. AT b. On c. In d. With2. I am going to get my mother a camera _ Mothers Day.a. at b. on c. in d. to3. lian Zhan, the Chairman of the KMT, enjoyed the scenery of the Huangpu River _ the night of May 1st.a. at b. in c. on d. over4. Hell come back _ a week.a. from b. at c. after d. in 5. The engineer will return from Macao _ a few days.a. since b. in c. on d. after6. I hear the 2006 World Cup is held in Germany _ Jun. 9th _ July 9th. a. on; and b. from; to c. between; on d. during; to7. Are you ready? We will go out for a picnic _ three oclock.a. in b. after c. for d. since8. What bad weather we have! It has rained _ the day before yesterday.a. on b. in c. since d. at9. It was a very long day for Jack. He didnt get home from school _ six oclock.a. since b. to c. by d. until10. Some shops open _ 10 a.m. and 3:00pm during the Spring Festival holidays.a. at b. between c. from d. about11. Some supermarkets open _ 8:30a.m. and 8:00p.m. _ Mid-Autumn Day.a. at; during b. between; during c. between; in d. about; in12. Yao Ming is a popular basketball player _ the Chinese people.a. between b. for c. among d. with13. - Its raining hard. Please wait _ the house.a. outside b. around c. behind d. inside14. I study for a test _ working with a group.a. in b. by c. at d. to15. - How are you going to the train station to meet your aunt? - Im going there _ my car.a. by b. in c. to d. on16. Can you make a sentence _ the work “ produce”?a. with b. in c. by d. at17. - Im not good _ remembering phone numbers. - Neither am I. a. in b. at c. on d. of18. All the clerks went home _ Mr Wang, for he had to finish his work. a. except b. either c. without b. besides19. If you cant get to sleep, then get up and try to do something _ lying in bed.a. and b. or c. instead of d. because of20. - I think drinking milk is good _ our health. - Yes, I agree _ you.a. for; with b. to; to c. with; to d. at; with21. James is looking _ his cat everywhere. Have you seen it?a. like b. at c. for d. after22. People in the desert are often _ great need of water.a. for b. with c. to d. in23. Lets go on _ the text.a. to b. with c. for d. in24. Are your teachers strict _ you?a. in b. to c. with d. at25. Wheres the man _ watch?a. for b. to c. on d. at26. She is ready to help people who are _ trouble.a. at b. for c. in d. on27. How much do you spend _ books?a. on b. for c. in d. at28. She lives _ the other side of the river. a. in b. on c. for d. by29. Look! The boy _ blue dress is coming.a. with b. on c. in d. above30. The teacher is satisfied _ what weve done.a. in b. at c. to d. with31. Thats very kind _ you.a. of b. to c. for d. with32. We traveled all night to London and got there _ Sunday morning. （中考 06）A. for B. on C. at D. to33. - When will be the Olympic Games be held?- _ 2008. （东一 06）A. Since B. In C. On D. By34. You can see a lot of stars_ night when the sky is clear. （东二 06）A. at B. in C. on D. by35. My family will go to Beidaihe _ June 27th. （西二 06）a. in b. at c. on d. by36. - What do you usually do _ Sundays? -We enjoy ourselves at the guitar club. （崇一 06） a. in b. on c. at d. of37. - Have you heard_ your father? - Not yet. （崇一 06） a. from b. for c. to d. on38. - Its raining outside. - Youd better take the umbrella_ you. （崇二 06） a. to b. on c. with d. for39. _ August 8, 2008, Beijing will hold the 29th Olympic Games. （宣一 06） a. On b. At c. In d. Over40. - When did Mr. Smith