2015最新英语专业报刊选读复习资料.docx

L20defining characteristic 典型特征，标志性特征 2. mortgage crisis 次贷危机 3. urban cores 城市中心4. foreclosure rate 回赎率5. greenhouse-gas emission 温室气体排放6. regulatory hurdles 监管障碍 7. working-poor families 有工作的穷人家庭 8. Urban cores 城市中心 9. affordable housing 买得起的住房，经济适用房, 保障性住房 10. grapple with 努力应对，设法解决 11. regional clusters for high-tech industries 高科技企业聚集区 11. foster innovation and economic growth 促进革新和经济发展 12. all levels of government 各级政府 13. walkable communities 适合步行的社区 14. proximity to transit 靠近公交线路 Para. 1 Writers can argue whether suburbs are the apotheosis of the American Dream or a suffocating nightmare of sameness，but theres general agreement on their defining characteristics.作家们会争论，郊区是美国梦的典范，还是千篇一律令人窒息的噩梦。但是就其典型特征而言，人们的意见基本一致。 Suburbs are middle-class family values expressed in stucco, brick and carpet grass. 郊区体现的是中产阶级的家庭价值观，表现在粉饰的墙壁，砖结构的房屋，还有如茵的绿草。 Theyre all the things that Americas noisy, diverse, striving, poor cities are not.它们与城市的情况完全不同，没有声音嘈杂，成分复杂，努力打拼、贫困依旧的问题。Para. 3They no longer represent a retreat from the tumult of American life, but the locus of it.它们不再代表着远离美国喧闹生活的僻静之地，其本身已成为充满喧嚣骚乱的地方。 Para. 5The foreclosure rate in Clayton County, which encompasses many of Atlantas southern suburbs, is twice as high as that in Atlanta. 克莱顿县环绕许多亚特兰大市南部郊区，这里回赎率比亚特兰大高出一倍。 回赎权就是当债务人（业主）无力履行抵押合约，或无法清偿债务时，而被债权人经由各种司法程序向法院申请强制执行，将债务人名下房屋拍卖，以拍卖所得偿还债务。 Para. 6 nonprofits 非盈利机构/组织 Inner city （大城市常存在社会、经济问题的）市中心贫民区 affordable housing 买得起的住房，经济适用房, 保障性住房 Washington needs to recognize that suburban governments are being flattened by the housing crisisthey dont have the experience or the capacity to slow the tide of foreclosures or deal with neighborhoods strafed by vacancies. 联邦政府需要弄清楚郊区政府正被住房危机打垮，因为它们没有经验和能力，无法减缓住房回赎权取消的浪潮，也无法应对社区住房空置的问题。The Feds need to use some of the billions in recovery funding to help local governments buy up foreclosed properties and put that land to productive use. 联邦政府需要从数十亿用于恢复经济的资金里拿出一部分，以帮助地方政府全部购入丧失抵押品赎回权的房产并使那些土地有效使用。Para. 7 Washington should support regional clusters for high-tech industries and other sectors.美国政府/联邦政府应该支持高科技企业和其他行业聚集区的发展。 Federal job-training funds should reflect the way metropolitan economies actually work: in clusters of firms that span boundaries. 联邦就业培训基金应该反映出都市经济行为的方式：企业集群，打破界限。Para. 8 We need to create walkable communities and more public transit to link people in the burbs to jobs, schools, concert halls and sports fields that may be in the next neighborhood, the next municipality or the next county. 我们需要建立 适合步行的社区并提供更多公交线路方便郊区人们到临近区域或者城乡地区工作、学习、去音乐厅享受或者到体育场锻炼。Para. 10 Our leaders, starting with a metro-minded president, now have to make the mental jump across the urban-suburban boundary, and catch up. 我们的领导者，开始时都把眼光放在大都市上，现在应该转换下思路，跨越城郊界限，与时俱进。L131. cyclical slowdown 2. secular shift 3. takes its toll 4. under cyclical and secular pressures 5. the sheer amount of debt 6. underwrote the transaction 7. advertising revenues 8. to halve in value 9. credit rating agency 10. dire straits 11. classified advertising 12. bearish outlook 13. sharp declines in profits 14. staff costs .周期性放缓2.长期的转移/转变3.产生负面影响；造成损失 4.处于周期性和长期压力下5.巨额债务6.签署这笔交易/签订交易7.广告收入8.市值减半9.信用评级机构10.困境/危难11.分类广告12.悲观前景13.利润大幅下滑14.人力成本 Para. 1 Some of his sub-editors might have winced at the clich, but when Sam Zell blamed “a perfect storm” of factors behind the Tribune Companys bankruptcy filing, the Chicago investors words resonated around newsrooms in the US. 当山姆泽尔将论坛公司的破产申请归咎于众多因素形成的“完美风暴”时，他手下的一些编辑或许不太喜欢这种套话，但这位芝加哥投资者的话在美国各新闻编辑部引起了共鸣。A “perfect storm” is a rare combination of events or circumstances creating an unusually bad situation. The idiom is derived from the 1997 Sebastian Jungers nonfiction book, The Perfect Storm, about a fishing-boat crew encountering a confluence of several storms at sea. Samuel “Sam” Zell (born September 1941) is a U.S.-born billionaire and real estate entrepreneur. He is co-founder and Chairman of Equity Group Investments股本集团投资, a private investment firm. With an estimated net worth of $5 billion, he is ranked as the 68th richest American by Forbes.Para. 2 Debates about whether the industrys decline has been due to a cyclical slowdown or a secular shift of readers and advertisers to the internet have been rendered moot by an economic and financial crisis threatening revenues and publishers ability to refinance. 由于经济和金融危机威胁着收入和出版商的再融资能力，有关报业的衰落是因为周期性放缓、还是读者和广告商长期流向互联网的争论，已难以形成结论。Para. 3 “The amount of financial leverage these companies have undertaken takes its toll when youre under cyclical and secular pressures.” “在处于周期性和长期压力下时，这些公司所承担的财务杠杆数量带来了损失。” takes its toll - If something takes its/their/a toll, it causes suffering, deaths or damage. 产生负面影响；造成损失 Para. 5 first - quarter revenues were down 12.9 per cent; the second quarter saw a 15.1 per cent decline and the third quarter drop was 18.1 per cent. 第一季度收入下降12.9%；第二、三季度分别下滑 15.1%和18.1%。 Para. 6 It was this change, coupled with the sheer amount of debt (that) Mr. Zell took on to buy Tribune, which led to the bankruptcy courts. 正是这一变化，加上泽尔为收购Tribune公司而承担的巨额债务，将 送上了破产法庭。 coupled with 加上，外加 the sheer amount/weight/size of used to emphasize how much, heavy, big sth is Have you seen the sheer size of their force? 你看到他们军队的庞大规模了吗？ take on the debt 负债，承担债务 Para. 6 “It went off the cliff in January,” Mr Zell told a conference last month. 泽尔上个月在一次会议上表示：“它在1月份就跌入了深渊”。 Para. 7 At the time we underwrote the transaction, we assumed a 6 per cent erosion. “我们签订交易时，（认为）收入跌幅为6%。 Para. 8 The crisis has taken a toll on quoted and private newspaper groups. Even Gannett, the largest in the sector, has halved in value, in spite of it owning USA Today, one of the few papers to report modest circulation increases. 危机让上市和非上市的报业集团都付出了代价。即使是行业内规模最大的Gannett集团的市值也已减半，尽管它拥有为数不多的发行量有小幅上升的报纸之一今日美国 。 modest（数量、比率或改进程度）不太高的 Para. 10 Rising job losses, a weak housing market and tighter credit availability augur badly for newspapers remaining classified advertising revenues. 失业人数上升、房产市场疲软和信用可得性收紧，这些都预示着各报社剩余的分类广告收入前景堪忧。 信贷可获得性, 信贷可获量, 信贷供给 Para. 10The bearish outlook for local advertising prompted Citigroup analysts to warn that the chances of newspapers staging a meaningful recovery before 2010 were “slim”.地方广告业的悲观前景促使花旗分析师警告说，各报纸在2010年之前出现有意义复苏的希望“甚微”。 Para. 11 admitted last week that it “would have been unthinkable until very recently” for the company to sell the Rocky Mountain News, but it is now seeking buyers for the Colorado title. 上周承认，直到最近，出售洛基山新闻报对该公司而言还是“不可想象的事情”，但如今它正在为这家科罗拉多报纸寻找买主。 Para. 13 In an indication that asset sales may yield less than once hoped, the New York Times wrote down the value of its newspapers by $166m in the third quarter of this year, higher than its original $100m- $150m estimate. 纽约时报在今年第三季度将其报纸价值减记1.66亿美元，高于最初预计的1亿至1.5亿美元，表明资产出售带来的收益可能低于之前的期望。 Furthermore, in an indication that national leaders are satisfied with the companys progress, its former chairman zhang qingwei was promoted to an important political post as governor of Hebei Province last year.此外，去年中国商飞前董事长张庆伟被擢升担任河北省省长的重要职位，这表明国家领导层对该公司取得的进步感到满意。 Para. 14 With staff costs more within publishers control, the pace of job losses is accelerating. Paper Cuts, which monitors industry job losses, estimates that more than 15,000 US newspaper positions have been cut this year, up from 2,185 last year. 由于人力成本更多是在出版商的控制范围内，因此裁员步伐正在加快。监测行业裁员情况的Paper Cuts估计，美国报业今年裁减的岗位数已从去年的2185个上升至逾1.5万个。 Para. 15 While some US newspapers are still regarded with envy internationally for the size of their editorial teams, the cuts have left others scrambling to fill routine roles. 虽然美国有些报纸编辑队伍依然很大，受到国际报业的羡慕，但是裁员却已经让其他报纸赶忙填补日常工作空缺。