Unit15 语法虚拟语气.doc

Unit15 Learning问题生成拓展单课题：虚拟语气设计人：王新灿 审核人：王子敬 序号：班级： 姓名： 组名： 时间：学习目标：1、认真学习虚拟语气的使用方法及语境。 2、熟练运用虚拟语气。虚拟语气：1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时（虚拟语气中bewere）主句用：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。If we had time now, we would read it again.If I were you, I would work hard.2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：had+过去分词；主句：would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test.If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you.3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时should +动词原形were to+动词原形；主句：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。If it should rain, the crops would be saved.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.虚拟条件句的特殊情况(1)混合/错综型虚拟语气 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为错综条件句，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.(从句说的是过去，主句是现在)If I were you, I would have taken his advice.(从句是现在，主句是过去)(2)省略if的虚拟语气如果从句中含有were/ should/ had时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if.采用倒装语序。If it should happen, what would you do? Should it happen, what would you do?If he had recognized me, he would have come over.Had he recognized me, he would have come over.(3)含蓄虚拟条件句有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件从句形式表现出来，而是通过一个介词短语，连词或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, with, but for(要是没有), otherwise, or, 等。Without your help(=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded.But for electricity(=If there were no electricity), there would be no modern industry.He felt very tired yesterday, or/ otherwise he would have attended the party.(4)在if it were( had been )not for .句型中的虚拟语气虚拟语气也常用于if it were/(had been) not for .句型中，意为要不是由于。If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life today.If it had not been for your timely help, I would have gone bankrupt.Wish 和 shouldwish 后面所跟宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟语气（意为要是，但愿就好了），其形式主要有三种：表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish后接一般过去时的从句表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish后接过去完成时/should，could have done表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish后接would，could+动词原形I wish it were spring all year round.I wish it would be fine tomorrow.She wished she had stayed at home.2. should(1) should应该，表示“责任和义务”。例如：(NMET2008上海) According to the air traffic rules, you _ switch off your mobile phone before boarding. A. mayB. can C. wouldD. should【解析】should此处表示根据交通法规应尽的责任和义务。【答案】D(2) 在虚拟条件句中用以加强假设语气，表示“与将来事实相反的假设”，用 If+主语+ should +动词原形，当“万一(会)”讲。这时可省略if，将should提到句首，变为倒装句式。请看下面的例子： If it should rain (=Should it rain) tomorrow, I would stay at home.万一明天下雨的话，我就待在家里。再如：_ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be【解析】句意：万一你被解雇，给你的医疗救助和其它方面的福利也不会被取消。答案B(3) should还可以用来表示说话人对某事不能理解、赶到意外、惊异等意思，译为“竟然，竟会”。例如：You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady. A. might B. need C. should D. would【解析】句意：你想象不到这么一个表现良好的绅士竟然会对一个女士这么粗鲁。答案C虚拟语气同步练习一：1. If I had had enough time, I_ my work. A. would finish B. must have finished C. would have finishedD. had finished 2.Ten minutes earlier, they _ the plane. A. will catch B. would catchC. would have caughtD. will have caught 3. Mr Green requires that the students _ a composition every other week. A. write B. written C. would write D. will write 4.Had he studied hard, he_ the exam. A. would passB. could passC. had passedD. would have passed 5.I wish I _ what is happening there in his room. A. knowB. knownC. knewD. should know 6.It is important that you _ sports every day. A. haveB. would haveC. must haveD. will have 7.If there were no water in the world, everything _. A. will die B. would dieC. would have died D. would have been dead 8. _ what was going to happen, I would never have left her alone. A. Had I knownB. If I knowC. If I knewD. If had I known 9.He ordered that the work _ right away. A. should finishB. finishedC. would be finishedD. be finished 10.Shall we go to the movie tonight? No, Id rather _ at home with our baby. Youd better not leave it to the babysitter at night. A. you stayedB. you stayC. stayedD. stay 11. _ in your position, I would help him. A. Was IB. Were IC. If I amD. If I had been 12.I _, but I was stopped by the heavy rain. A. mean to come B. meant to come C. had meant to comeD. meant coming 13.Mrs Black insists_ in that old hotel. A. not to stayB. not stayingC. staying notD. that she not stay 14.If you had spoken clearly, you would_. A. understand it B. have understoodC. be understoodD. have been understood 15. If you _ that late movie last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy. A. havent watched B. hadnt watchedC. didnt watchD. wouldnt have watched16. The teacher demanded that the exam _ before eleven. A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished 17. She made the demand that the journalists _ at once _ Iraq. A. leave; for B. leave; to C. left; to D. to be left; for 18. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there. A. had been B. has been C. was D. has gone 19. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free. A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set 20. I suggested there _ be a kind of language all could understand and use _. A. can; it B. /; / C. would; it D. may; / 21. The suggestion has been made _ the basketball game _ put off. A. for; to B. that; be C. which; should be D. to; being 22. The order came that the medical supplies _ to Beijing for the Sars soon. A. would be sent B. should send C. be sent D. must be sent 23. It is important that we _ wild animals. A. will protect B. should protect C. shall protect D. are protecting 24. Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now. A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been 25. _ any change about the date, please tell me immediately. A. Will there be B. Should there be C. There will be D. There should be 26. _ today, he would get there by Friday. A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave 27. Should it rain, the crops _ . A. would be saved B. would have been saved C. will be saved D. had been saved 28. You _ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago. A. would B. should have C. may D. have 29. He treated me as though/as if _ his own son. A. I am B. I would be C. I was D. I were 30. I _ you some money, but I hadnt any on me then. A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent 31. A few minutes earlier and we _ the rain. A. have caught B. had caught C. could have caught D. were to catch 32. - “Have you ever been to Beijing?” - “No, but I wish I _” A. have B. will C. do D. had 33. Im glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _ . A. I may have failed B. Id fail C. Id have failed D. Ill have failed 34. - “What will you do during the summer holiday?” - “I dont know, but its high time _ something.” A. Im deciding B. Ill decide C. I decided D. I decide 35. What would we do if it _ tomorrow? A. should snow B. would snow C. snow D. will snow 虚拟语气同步练习二1. If only I _ my watch! A. hadnt lost B. havent lost C. didnt lost D. dont lose 2. You _ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice. A. may not make B. might not make C. shouldnt have made D. might not have made 3. We _ the work on time without your help. A. hadnt had finished B. didnt have finished C. couldnt have finished D. cant have finished 4. - “Where have you been?” - “I got caught in traffic; otherwise _ sooner.” A. I would be here B. I have been here C. I had been here D. I would have been here 5. If it were not for the fact that you _ ill, I would ask you to do this right now. A. were B. had been C. are D. should be 6. Its high time that we _ to school. A. would to B. went C. go D. will go 7. It seems as if it _ rain. A. will to B. is going to C. is to D. were 8. Id rather you _ right away. A. leave B. left C. will leave D. to leave 9. He is working hard for fear that he _. A. fails B. failed C. would fail D. fail 10. It is really strange that the girl _ so early. A. has been married B. has married C. be married D. would marry 11. Supposing I _ this gift, what would he say? A. accept B. accepted C. should accept D. would accept 12. The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students _ two weeks to prepare for the exam. A. give B. should give C. be given D. would be given 13. I was busy yesterday, otherwise I _ your birthday party. A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended 14. He insisted that he _ me before. A. see B. should see C. had seen D. saw 15. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years. A. were B. would be C. have been D. had been 16. We _ our lives had it not been for the policeman. A. would have lost B. should lose C. might lose D. could have lost 17. - I thought you would come back tomorrow. - I would if I _ to attend a meeting. A. dont have B. didnt have C. will not have D. would not have 18. He wishes _ mistakes. A. he doesnt always make B. he isnt always making C. he didnt always make D. he wouldnt always making 19. It _ very nice if only it were possible. A. will be B. would be C. is D. were 20. Without your help, our team _ the last match. A. wont win B. will lose C. wouldnt have won D. cant win 21. I wish I _ what to do. A. knew B. have known C. know D. would know 22. _, I would take an umbrella with me. A. Had I been you B. I were you C. Were I you D. I had been you 23. If I had hurried, I _ the train. A. would catch B. could catch C. would have caught D. had caught 24. Tom insisted that John _ it for no one was in the room except him. A. do B. does C. did D. would do 25. It is high time we _ off. A. are B. were C. be D. will be 26. He felt as if he _ more time to study for the test. A. needs B. were needed C. needed D. need 27. It is important that I _ with Mr. Williams immediately. A. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. to speak 28. James wishes he _ the football game instead of the film. A. saw B. see C. had been seen D. had seen 29. I wish _ since I have so much work to do tomorrw. A. he left B. he leaves me alone C. he be left D. he would leave me alone 30. If I had known that, I _ so. A. wouldnt do B. wouldnt have done C. wont do D. have not done 31. The doctor proposed that she _. A. will not smoke B. not smoke C. woul