2006海文学校词汇及长难句班讲义p.doc

112006海文学校词汇和长难句一、合成词onlookeronlineoutletoutlineoverallovertimeovercomeoverheadovertakeoverthrowuprightupsetundergounderlineundertakeballpenblackboardbathroomeyesightfireplacefishermanframeworkhandbookhandballhandoutmasterpiecemeantimenetworkoffspringotherwisepencilboxwarehouse11剪截词 gym fridge二、常见词缀：（一）前缀位置：ex-, e-, extra-, over-，out-, under-; in-, im-, inter-, mid-; pre-, sub-, sug-, suf-, sup-, super-, sur-, post-; tele-; trans-; cross-大小多少：uni-, mono-, bi-, tri-, mini-, multi-, kilo-, micro-, macro-; semi-, hemi-; poly-, 否定意义：anti-； de-; di-, dif-, dis-； counter-, anti-, contra-; in-, im-, il-, ir-； mis-, mal-; un-; non-, pseudo-, 联想：col-, cor-, com-, con-; re-; vice变动词: be-, en/em其他：auto-, self-; bio-; by-, step-; ultra-（二）后缀表示人： -er, -ee, -eer, -or, -ar, -ian, -ent, -ant, -ist, -ese, -ess学科：-ology, -ture, -ics抽象意义-身份，状态，性质 -ity, -ship, -hood (加在名词后), -ness（加在形容词后）-th, -ure行为：-ment, -ion, -tion, -ation, -sion, -age, -ance/-ence （加在动词后）形容词后缀：-tive, -ous, ful/-less; able/ible, -ent, -ant; -ory, -ary; -like/ish; -ly; -y; -some; -ward动词后缀: -ize, -fy, -ate, 等三、常见词根及构词pos = put 放置pose, position, expose, exposure, compose, composition, propose, proposal, oppose,opposition, impose, dispose, disposal, prepositiontract = draw 拉，抽，引tractor, attract, attraction, attractive, distract, subtract, contract, abstract, drag, draw, straight, straighten, stretchsec, sequ = follow 跟随 second, secondary, sequence, subsequent, consequence, consequentlyvid, vis, vey, vy = see 看 visible, vision, visibility, invisible, visual, video, videophone, revise, revision, supervise, supervision, evident, evidence, visitspect=look 看 spectator, spectacle, spectacular, prospect, inspect, inspection, expect, expectation, respect, respectable, respectful, respective, respected, suspect, suspicion, specific, despitemob, mov, mot = move动 mobile, mobility, mobilize, automobile, motion, motive, motivate, motivation, motor, move, promote, promotion, emote, remoteced, ceed, cess , gress = go, walk 行走 precede, proceed, procedure, process, exceed, excess, excessive, succeed, success, successful, succession, successive, successor, access, accessible, progress, congress, regress, aggressiverupt=break破 bankrupt, interrupt, corrupt, disrupt, eruptmini, min = small, little 小 miniskirt, minimize, minimum, minus, minute, minority, diminishscrib, scrip 写，记，抄 describe, description, script, manuscript, prescribe, prescriptiondict, dic = say 言，说 diction, dictionary, contradict, dictate, dictation, dictator, predict, prediction, predictable, indicate, verdictmiss, mit = send 投，送，发 mission, missile, dismiss, dismissal, transmit, transmission, emit, emission, promise, compromise, committee, commissionport = carry 拿，带，运portable, import, export, transport, report, supportleg, legis 法 legal, legalize, illegal, legislate, legislation, legislaturesolu, solv 洗，溶解 solution, solve, resolve, resolution, dissolvepress 压 impress, impression, express, suppress, depressviv, vit=live活：live, living, lively, survive, livelihood, alive, revive, vivid, vital, vitamincount=number: account, accountant, discount, number, numeral, numerous, innumerableag=act 行动，做：action, exactly, react, interact, transact, radioactive, agent, agenda, agency, fac(t)=make做，作，制造：facility, factory, faculty, affect, defect, infect, perfect, efficient, fiction, artificial, proficiency, feasiblesign=mark记号，信号：remark, signal, signature, design, designate, significance, resigndu, doub, coup=two二：dual, double, doubtful, couple, dubious, duplicate, dualspher=ball球：balloon, ballot, hemisphere, atmospherepopul, publ=people人：popular, public, publicity, republic, publish, republican, population, men, min=mind心灵，精神：mind, remind, mention, mental, comment, memory, memorial, remember, commemoratestruct=build建造：construct, instruct, obstruct, destruction, destroyfund, found=base基础：basement, basis, foundation, profound, fund, refund, fundamental part=divide分，分开：dividend, individual, particle, participate, particular, partner, apart, counterpart, depart, impartial, department, party, apartment, compartmentpend,pens-hang悬挂：dependent, independence, append, appendix, suspend, pensionduc(t)=lead引导：conduct, deduct, misconduct, educate, induce, introduce, produce, reduce, oper=work工作：operate, cooperate, operaven,vent=come来：venture, adventure, avenue, convention, invent, eventually, prevent, intervenevoc,vok=claim呼喊，叫喊，声音：proclaim, reclaim, exclaim, advocate, provoke, vocal, voice, sect=cut切，割：section, segment, intersection, sectorgrat, grac, gree=please高兴，感激：grace, grateful, gratitude, congratulation, agree, agreeable, greet, pleasure, pleasant, disagreevail, val=worth价值：worth, worthy, worthwhile, available, prevail, value, valid, validity, valve, evaluate, equivalentpel, peal, puls=drive驱动：appeal, compel, compulsion, compulsory, propel, pulse, impulse(320)alter改变；aptitude能力；disastrous灾难的；banish放逐; combat战斗；calculate推算；excavate挖掘；accelerate加速；certify证明; coincide, concur同时发生；circulate循环，流通；declination倾斜，下垂；discord不和；durability耐久性；equilibrium平衡，均势; diffident缺乏自信的；domain领地; infinity无限性；afflict使苦恼，折磨；formulate构思，规划；fortify, reinforce加强; frigid寒冷的；fuse熔化，融合；geometry几何；congest拥塞，充满；degrade降级，堕落；heredity遗传；hinder阻碍；hydraulics水利学；transit转移；junction连接点；collaborate合作；elapse流逝; latitude纬度；alleviate减轻; magnify放大；manipulate操纵；submerge/immerse沉没；symmetry对称; eminent杰出的；negligible可以忽略的；notorious臭名昭著的；optimum最佳条件, demography四、有意义的字母组合：st-不动，立：stand, stop, stay, state, station, stable, steady, establish, instance, standard, statistics, statue, stereo, stare, static, stationary, stereotype, still, destination, destine, destiny, stone, stubborn, rest, install, staunch, constant, steel, stiff, obstacle, stale, stall, stain, stick, start, stun, startle, astonish, stupid, stuffy (40)sti-刺，尖：stick, sticky, stimulate, stitch, instinct, sting, stir, (大纲全部)fl-流动：flow, float, flu, flood, influence, fluctuate, fluid, flush, fluent, fleet, flute, flux, flag, fl-闪动的光，植物：flash, flame, flare, flower, flourishfl-空中的动作：fly, flee, flight, flap, flutter, flingflat, flatter, flesh, flavor, flexible,（大纲全部）gl-不动的光/亮：glance, glimpse, glare, glamour, glass, glorious, glory, glow, gloomy, gloss, glittergl, sl-滑动：glide, glove, globe, global, glue （大纲全部）slip, slipper, slippery, slide, slit, slope, sledge, slycr-碎，裂：crack, crash, crisp, crush, crisis, critical, crazy, cracker, crumb-ap-拟声：flap, clap, tap, slap, rapbreak-crash, clash, smash, splash, -ump笨重的动作：bump, thump, thumb, stumble, plump, hump, clumsy, dump, lump, slump, plumb, -atter-细碎的动作：batter, chatter, clatter, shatter, scatter, -ash-猛烈的动作：flash, splash, clash, dash, slash, crash, smash, -are-强烈的光：flare, glare, staresn-鼻子的出气声：sniff, sneeze, snore, snuff, snotspr-传播，洒，喷：spread, sprinkle, spraytw-二：two, between, twilight, twelve, twin, twice, twenty, twinkle wr, tw-扭曲，卷绕：wrap, wreck, wreath, wrestle, wrench, wrinkle, wrist, wrong, wretchedsw-水，洗：swim, sweat, sweater, swan, sweep, swing swift, sway, switch, sword, swarmh-象征沉重：heavy, haste, hurry, heave, hop, hunt, hurli-表示小：mini-, sip, chick, chip, nibble, tiny, slip, slit, dripm-象征低沉声：hum, moan, mumble, murmur, mutterr-：表示粗糙、削利、重浊的声音：grunt, rattle, roar, cry, croak, creak, rumble, crunch, crack, scrape, rip, scream, scratchs, z, sh-象征寂静和蛇等动物嗖艘爬的声音：hiss, brush, silence, rustle, snake, zip, buzz, hush, whisper五、同源词记忆allow-allocateanguish-angerbear-birthbend-bowbind-bound-bond- bundle-bandbite-bitter bloom-blossomboom-bombbreak-brakebreed-broodbrim-brinkbroad-breadthburn-brandcatch-capturechoose-choicecity-civilclew-cluecloth-clothesbath-bathebreath-breathecanal-channelcarbon-coalcloth-cloakcondemn-damncry-crowcook-cakecouple-doublecue-cluecurve-circledear-darlingdeem-doomdeep-dipdig-ditchdive-duckdipdoze-dazedrive-driftdrip-dropdrink-drowndry-draindry-drought elder-adultexample-samplefail-faultfalse-fakefall-fellfly-flee float-flow-fleetflow-floodflower-flourishfond-funfreeze-frost-crustfright-afraidfront-frontiergarden-yardgild-goldgrass-grazegrief-grieveheal-healthhigh-height-hillhold-handhollow-hole-hellhonest-honorhot-heathurry-hurricanejoin-jointknee-kneellimb-limp, lamelead-loadlean-loanlie-lowliquor-liquidlose-lossmatch-matematter-massmeet-matemaid-madamemajor-mayormaster-majestymix-minglemodern-modelmow-meadowmoon-monthnation-nationnear-neighbornourish-nurseowe-ownpacify-peace-pacificpatch-piecepeople-popular-publicpoor-povertyportray-portraitpraise-prizerate-ratiored-rustride-roadrise-raiserun-racesalt-saucesee-sightsalt-saucesaw-sectionsea-saltseek-sakesew-seamshade-shelter-shadowshort-shirtsip-soupsir-seniorsit-seat-siteshirt-skirtsleep-slackslow-slothsmother-smokesoak-sucksorry-sorrowspeak-speech stretch-straightstrike-strokestudy-student-studiosweep-swiftswim-swantalk-tale-telltie-tighttip-toptrace-tracktrouble-turbulenttry-trialvent-windwet-waterwear-vestwheel-whirlwrest-wristyellow-yolk(270)六、字母转换联想记忆c(k)-g : electselectelectsectioncontactdelegateeleganteligiblesegmentcontagiondistinguishintellectneglectfractionactdistinctionintelligentnegligencefragmentagentv-f : believegivegrieverelievefivethievehalvebeliefgiftgriefrelieffifththiefhalfw-v :new-novel, innovate, renovate, novelty, verb-word: win, victory, victorious, victim, convict, conviction, convince, winewearwindworthway willingwashwarevinevestventvaluevoyage voluntarylavatoryvesselknow-gno: knowledge, acknowledge, note, notice, noticeable, notify, notion, notorious, ignore, ignorance, diagnosis, diagnose, recognize, cognition, science, scientific, science, conscious, conscience, acquaint, acquaintance, log, loq(ue)-speak: logic, dialogue, catalogue, apology, analogy, i-o :knitslitdripchipknotslotdropchop (100)七、音译词记忆aspirin, bake, ballet, bandage, bar, beer, brandy, caf, card, chocolate, coffee, calcium, cannon, cartoon, cigar, cocaine, copy, disco, dozen, engine, franc, gallon, gene, golf, guitar, hamburger, hormone, humor, inch, jacket, jazz, jeep, lemon, logic, magic, microphone, miniskirt, modern, motor, mummy, nicotine, nylon, ounce, opium, pass, pence, pudding, radar, rifle, romance, romantic, sandwich, sardine, soda, sofa, shark, tango, tank, tire/tyre, vitamin, whisky (62)八、拟声词记忆bang, bark, boom, bubble, clap, clash, click, cough, crack, giggle, horn, hum, mutter, pat, roar, tick, whisper, whistle, yawn九、顺序颠倒词记忆are-eradeer-reeddoom-moodpan-nap十、包孕词记忆appropriate-properdeceased-deadfaade-faceilluminated-litobserve-seepantaloon-pantsrecline-liesalvage-saveseparate-partsupervisor-superiorfabrication-fiction十一、谐音趣味记忆bakebandagebulletincruelcursedawnfashionfeegovernjammistmurdernoisepanpawphonepityrelyrigorousrouteshowsightowertradertruthurgen十二、同义记忆大：large, big, great, enormous, huge, tremendous, gigantic, massive, immense, grand, titanic, gross小：small, little, tiny, minute, petite, microscopic, subtle 减（数量、程度）：decrease, diminish, decline, lessen, reduce, cut down on客观的：objective, impartial, impersonal, unbiased, disinterested错误：disadvantage, defect, short-coming, drawback, fault, mistake, deficiency, weakness, slip, blunder立刻、马上：directly, immediately, presently, promptly, instantly, quickly, abruptly, suddenly, swiftly明显的：obvious, evident, apparent, plain, clear主要的：principal, chief, main, leading, dominant, foremost, prominent, essential热情的：enthusiastic, zealous, earnest, eager, passionate, warm暂时的：transient, temporary, momentary, passing粗鲁的：rude，crude，gross，coarse，rough，wild，reckless不正常的，反常的：deviant，irregular ，unnatural，odd，queer，weird, abnormal使用：use，apply，utilize，employ，avail，exploit, take advantage of, make use of, resort to, adopt积累，堆积：amass，collect，gather，heap，hoard, pile up, build up恶化，加重，加剧: aggravate, worsen, intensify, deteriorate, weaken苦恼，痛苦：agony， torture，torment，anguish，suffering，misery，pain，wrench，distress， adversity，hardship获得，得到：attain，obtain，achieve，acquire，gain，secure摇晃：shake, quiver, tremble, vibrate, rock, roll, quake十三、反义记忆establish-abolish, destroyabsurd-sensibleadvance-retreatattach-detachincrease-decreaseclarify-confusecontract-expandcrazy-rationalattack-defendgloomy-delightfulinclude-excludepropose-opposelasting-temporaryguilty-innocentprevious-subsequentnatural-artificialancient-moderntragedy-comedycomplicate-simplifyconcentrate-distractdynamic-static十四、归类记忆天文、宇宙：equator, fossil, galaxy, gravity, horizon, meteor, ozone, parallel, planet, satellite, space, star, moon, lunar, comet, sun, solar, Neptune地区、地域、地貌: continent, province, capital, county, basin, valley, desert, plain, plateau, elevation, highland, lowland, latitude, bay, gulf, cape, beach, port, harbor, strait, channel, canal, river, stream, brook, pond, pool, cave, cliff, slope, mountain, hill, forest, woods, jungle, delta, field, lawn, marsh, peninsula, pit, 数学：arithmetic， fraction，decimal，function，power，remainder，complement，sequence，tolerance，probability，square root，geometry，plane geometry，parallel，addition，subtraction，multiplication, division, mean，average, axis, center, core, coordinate, curve, vertical, square, triangle, sphere, diameter, radius, dimension, area, cubic, angle, equation, ratio, proportion, cone, pyramid, volume, diamond道路：bypass，sidewalk，pavement，path，trail，lane，passage，route，aisle，overpass， free way，flyover，underpass，zebra crossing箱柜：cabinet，locker，closet，chest，drawer，wardrobe，dresser，cupboard，trunk，safe蔬菜：turnip，carrot，cabbage，onion，cucumber，pepper，garlic，tomato，potato，melon, pumpkin, mushroom, garlic, carrot, bean, pepper, pea, ginger交通工具：ambulance, lorry, automobile, van, truck, fire engine, cable car, sports car, cart, tram, trolley, bus, minibus, coach, shuttle bus, double decker, car, limousine, sedan, cab, taxi, jeep , locomotive, motorcycle, vehicle, steamer, liner机械：turbine，engine，elevator，punch，refrigerator，generator，press，motor，projector，crane，clutch，pulse，pump，tackle气候：hail，mist，haze，smog，fog，frost，dew，typhoon, hurricane, breeze, cyclone, tornadowindstorm, sandstorm, freeze, centigrade, temperature, thermometer, rain, snow, shower, drizzle, wind, cloudy, overcast, frigid, temperate, mild, (sub)tropical文艺：rhythm, melody, note, lyric, beat, tempo, rhyme, tune, scale, tone, volume, harmony, chorus, solo, composition, jazz, ballet, dance, sing, opera, instrument, march, music, song, symphony, verse, waltz, playwright, perform, stage, scene, clown, actor, director, line, novel, poem, poetry, prose, essay, literature, episode, story, drama, character, plot, fiction, detective, disc, fable, biography, curtain, drum, organ, horn, violin, pipe, piano, guitar, wind, string, flute, reed, cast, rehearsal学科：natural science/engineering/medicine/humanities/social science/liberal arts: sociology, agriculture, arithmetic, anthropology, aesthetics, accounting, architecture, astronomy, automation, biology, business, commerce, geology, geography, psychology, physiology, genetics, ecology, electronics, engineering, ethics, economy, forestry, geometry, history, mathematics, chemistry, physics, medicine, pharmacy, dentistry, surgery, mechanics, optics, photography, logic, diplomacy, administration, management, literature, linguistics, philosophy, poetry, Portuguese, Spanish, finance, religion, politics, zoology, journalism, statistics, gymnastics, public relations, human resources, nutritional science, marketing, biochemistry, telecommunication等职业/身份：accountant, attorney, amateur, ambassador, announcer, associate, astronaut, astronomer, athlete, attendant, (auto)biographer, consultant, coach, cameraman, candidate, journalist, librarian, colleague/associate, cashier, conductor, dealer, agent, diplomat, executive, fireman, mechanic, merchant, spectator, physician, surgeon, dentist, spokesman, sponsor, principal, retailer, stewardess, technician, receptionist, volunteer, undergraduate, freshman, sophomore, junior, senior, undergraduate, bachelor, master, postgraduate学校生活：freshmen, sophomore, junior, senior, undergraduate, postgraduate, semester, academic year, credit, tuition, specialty/discipline, major, minor, seminar, lecture, tutorial, enroll in/register/take a course, essay, assignment, term paper, research/course paper, thesis, defend ones thesis, graduation field work毕业实习, graduation project毕业设计，commencement/graduation ceremony毕业典礼，certificate, diploma, degree, grant, scholarship, fellowship, assistantship, degree requirement, Bachelors/Masters/Doctors degree, course load, department, faculty members, professor, assistant/associate professor, instructor/lecturer, dean, president, dormitory, librarian, disciplines, pre-sessional, prerequisite, selective/elective/optional/required/compulsory, make-up ex