7A语法总括.doc

慧特教育10一般现在时定义：表示习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态。1. 动词形式：1） be动词（am/is/are 用法口诀：我用am，你用are, is跟着她他它，单数形式用is，复数形式全用are.）2） 行为动词的原形形式（第一、二人称及各种人称复数）3） 行为动词的三单形式（第三人称单数）（第一人称：I, we 第二人称：you 第三人称：不是I, we, you） 2. 行为动词的三单形式构成1） 一般情况加s，e.g.：looks, listens, visits2）以ch, sh, s, x或o结尾的词，加-es，e.g.：teaches, washes, guesses, goes, does3）辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加-es，e.g.：carry-carries, study-studies特殊:have-has读音情况如下：1）在p, t, k, f清辅音后，读s，e.g.：hopes, invites, asks2）在z, s, , t , d 后，读iz，e.g.：teaches, wishes, fixes3）在浊辅音和元音及其它情况下，读z,e.g.：plans, tries, sends4.常见时间状语1）表频率的副词：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom. Never2）every day(week, year, etc) on Sundays ,etc3）once/twice/three(four, etc) times a day/week/year, etc5.基本用法1）表示一般性或经常发生的动作或状态。2）表示习惯性动作和状态或普遍的现象或常识。3）表示客观事实、客观规律和客观真理。6.句式变化1）含be动词：变否定句时直接在be动词后加not,可缩写也可不缩写;变成一般疑问句时，把be动词提前到句首，再将句末改成问号。2）含行为动词原形形式：变否定句时在原动词前加dont;变成一般疑问句时，先在原句首前加Dont，再将句末改成问号。3）含行为动词的三单形式：肯定句时切莫忘记在动词后加-s或-es, 变否定句时在原动词前加doesnt,再将原动词还原;变成一般疑问句时，先在原句首前加Doesnt，将原动词还原后，再将句末改成问号。时态专练一用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.We often_(play) in the playground.2.He _(get) up at six oclock.3._you _(brush) your teeth every morning.4.What(do) he usually (do) after school?5.Danny (study) English, Chinese, Maths, science and art an school.6.Mike sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister.7.At eight at night, she _(watch) TV with his parents.8._ mike_(read)English every day?9. How many lessons_ _your classmate_(have) on Monday?10.What time_ _his mother_(do) the housework?二按要求改写句子1.Do you often play football after school? (肯定回答)2.I have many books. （改为否定句）3.Sandys sister likes playing table tennis （改为否定句）4.She lives in a small town near New York. （改为一般疑问句）5.I watch TV every day. （改为一般疑问句）6.David has got a goal. （改为一般疑问句）7.We have four lessons.（否定句）8.Nancy doesnt run fast （肯定句）9.My dog runs fast. 否定句： 一般疑问句：10.Mike has two letters for him.一般疑问句： 否定句：11.I usually play football on Friday afternoon.否定句: 一般疑问句: 划线提问12. Su yang usually washes some clothes on Saturday.否定句: 一般疑问句: 划线提问:13.Mingling usually waters the flowers every day否定句: 一般疑问句: 划线提问14.Tom does his homework at home.否定句: 一般疑问句: 划线提问人称代词1.人称代词是表示我、你、他、她、它、我们、你们、他们的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表： 数单数复数格主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit2.人称代词的主格在句中做主语，一般位于句首。3.人称代词的宾格在句中做动词和介词的宾语，因此位于动词和介词之后。表时间的介词1.At 1）用在时刻前；at half past two， at10:00, 2）用在三餐时间前；at breakfast; at lunchtime 3）用在年龄前；at the age of 6，at 12,4）用在中午，半夜，晚上之前; at night; at midnight, at noon5) 用在一些节日前；at Christmas, at Easter6）用在周末，周日前；at weekend, at weekday2.On 1）用在日之前；on 1st May, 2004;2) 用于表示具体的某天和某天的上午，下午，晚上时；on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning 3）用在星期前，on Monday/Tuesday/Wednesday3.In 1）用在早上。下午和傍晚前，in the morning/ afternoon/ evening; 2）用在月份前，in January/February; 3）用在季节前，in spring/summer/autumn/winter 4）用在年代前，in 1998名词一、名词的数1、可数名词1）可数名词的的复数形式 英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。表示一个人或事物用单数，表示一个以上的人或事物用复数。该词形变化分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。名词特征 变化规则 发 音 例词 一般单词 词尾+s 清辅音后 发s cups, desks, gates, 元音与浊辅音后发z hens, bags, days 以s, sh, ch, x结尾 词尾+es 发iz classes, watches, boxes 以o结尾 词尾+es 发z tomatoes, heroes, potatoes，Negroes, mangoes 出现较晚的事物，词尾+s photos, radios, zoos, pianos 以辅音+y结尾 变y为i 加es 发iz stories, babies, cities 以元音+y结尾 词尾+s 发z boys, keys, days 以f或fe结尾 变f或fe为v加es 发vz leaves, knives, lives 例外：roofs, proofs, handkerchiefs 2）、有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，如： 变化 例词 元音发生变化 manmen, womanwomen, footfeettoothteeth, mousemice 词尾发生变化 childchildren 单、复数同形 sheepsheep, deerdeer, fishfish, ChineseChinese, Japanese-Japanese 复合词中主要词变为复数 looker-onlookers-on, new-comernew-comers, grand-childgrand-children 复合词中无主体词在最后，加s grown-upgrown-ups，stand-bystand-bys 由man 或woman 构成的复合词前后两词皆变为复数 woman-teacherwomen-teachers, man-doctormen-doctors 以 is结尾的外来词，变is为es basis-bases, crisis-crises, emphasis-emphases, 3）、常以复数形式出现的名词：people(人)，clothes(衣服)，trousers(裤子) glasses(眼镜) ,这些名词作主语时，同学们应特别注意它们的谓语，用复数。4）、有些名词看似复数形式，实际上是单数。这一点是同学不易掌握的，应特别加以记忆。如：news(消息)，maths (数学)，physics(物理)2、不可数名词不可数名词通常是物质名词和集合名词。物质名词无法分为个体的事物，通常不能与不定冠词连用，自身不能表示具体的数量，如water, coffee, time, money, bread, work,等；抽象名词表示的是可感觉却触摸不到的性质、动作、状态、感情等抽象的概念，如kindness。1)不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数。2）常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of, some, any等来修饰不可数名词。3）有些名词既能用作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，但意义不同单 词 意 义不可数名词 可数名词 dress 女服（统称） a dress 一件女服 fish 鱼肉 a fish 一条鱼 glass 玻璃 a glass 一个玻璃杯 tin 锡 a tin 一听罐头 paper 纸 a paper 一张报纸 （二）名词的所有格名词的所有格表示名词的所有关系，意思为“的”。名词所有格的构成方法是：1、在名词后加“ s”。如：Lilys, Marys等。2、以-s或-es 结尾的复数名词只加“”， 如：Teachers Day , two weeks holiday，而不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，仍按惯例加s 。如：Childrens Day。 3、表示一件东西为多人共有，只需在最后一个人的名字后加“s”。若表示各自所有，则需在每个名字后都加“s”，如：Lily and Lucys computer. 莉莉和露茜的电脑。（两人共有），lilys and Lucys computers. 莉莉和露茜的电脑。（并不共有），4.名词所有格可以用来表示地点。 如：my uncles 我叔叔家。5.表示无生命东西的名词所有格，一般以“of +名词”的结构来表示。如：如：the end of the year 岁末，the colour of the flower 花的颜色There be句型与have / has1. There be 结构表示“某地存在着某人或某物”；“have / has表示“某人或动物拥有某人或某物”。“如：There is a nice skirt on the bed. 床上有一条好看的短裙。Lucy has a nice skirt. 露茜有一条好看的短裙。Are there any basketballs in your school? 你们学校里有篮球吗？Do you have any basketballs? 你有篮球吗？2.就近原则 There be结构要遵循就近原则。如：There is a book and some pens on the desk. 在课桌上有一本书和一些钢笔。There are some pens and a book on the desk. 在课桌上有一些钢笔和一本书。3.句型练习一、用所给词的正确形式填空1. There _ (be) a pen and two pencils in the pencil-box.2. How many _ (watch) are there in your desk?3. There (be) some bread on the plate just now.4. There (be) a pair of glasses on the desk5. There (be not) any rice in the bowl.6. (there be) some trees in our school.7. (there be) any crayons on the book?8. How many people (人)_ (be there)in your family? 9. _ (there be) some rice in the bowl. 10. _ (there be) an apple and some pears on the table. 11._ (there be) some apples and a pear on the table. 12. _ (there be) two beds in the room? No, _ .13. (there be) two boxes of rice on the table.14. _ (there be) any bread on the plate? Yes, .二、根据中文提示完成下列句子1.水壶里没水了。There water in the . water in the .There any water in the .There any water in the .2.操场上现在有学生吗？不，没有。 there in the now? No, .3.餐厅里有一张餐桌四把椅子。 There four and a in the .4.这附近有一栋旧房子。 an old house here.5.餐桌上有些米饭和面包。 some and the .6.这里有许多树吗？是的。 there trees ? , there .三、按要求改写句子。 1. There are twenty-four rooms in the building. (对划线部分提问) 2. There is a dog in the basket. (对划线部分提问) 3. There are some books on the desk. (改为一般疑问句，并作否定回答) 4. There are some flowers in the kitchen. (改成单数句) _ 5. There is some bread on the table.（改成否定句） _ 6. There are some books in the bookcase.(对划线部分提问) 特殊疑问句1.特殊疑问句由“疑问代词或疑问副词+一般疑问句”构成，句子一般用倒装语序，但如果主语是疑问代词或由疑问代词修饰时，用陈述句的语序。特殊疑问句不能用yes或no回答，读时用降调。例如：Who is on duty today? How long have you been in Beijing? What time do you get up every morning?What must I do now?2.常用的特殊疑问句询问内容 疑问词或句型 例 句 回 答 职业，身份 what What is your father? He is a doctor. 姓名或关系 who Who is that boy? He is Jack.He is my brother 相貌特征 whatlike? What is she like?What does she look like? She is beautiful. 目的 whatfor? What did they come here for? To attend a meeting. 原因 why Why did they come here? Because they have a meeting to attend. 天气 howwhatlike? How is the weather today?What is the weather like today? Its fine. 颜色 what color？ What dolor is her skirt? Its red. 服装尺寸 what size What size does he wear? He wars 40. 几点钟 what time What time is it? Its 7:30. 星期几 what day What day is today? Its Tuesday. 几号，日期 what is the date? What is the date today? Its May 2. 年龄（多大） how old How old is he? He is 38. 持续多长时间（多久） how long How long have you been here? For five months. 长度（多长） how long How long is the bridge? Its 500 metres. 距离（多远） how far How far is it from here to the zoo? Its 6 kilometres. 频度（多经常） how often How often do you come back? Once a week. 时间经过（多快） how soon How soon will she arrive? In an week. 数量（多少） how many（可数名词）how much（不可数名词） How many jackets do you have?How much coffee do you want? Three.Two cups. 价格 how much How much is it?How much does it cost? Five dollars. 高度（多高） how tall（人，树）how high（山，建筑物） How tall is she?How high is the tower? Shes 1.73 metres.Its 450 metres. 现在进行时1. 定义：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。2. 动词形式：be动词ing形式 3. 动词ing形式的构成1) 一般在动词词尾加上-ing , e.g. jump-jumping, do-doing, study-studying2） 以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去e，再加-ing. e.g. have-having write-writing3）以重读闭音节结尾，先将词尾的辅音字母双写，再加上-ing. e.g. sit-sitting put-putting 4.常见时间状语：1）now, at this moment, at present, these days, etc. 2）look!, listen! 3）上下文提示。Dont make any noise. The baby is sleeping. 不要吵，孩子正在睡觉。5.基本用法1）表示阶段或现在正在发生的动作。2）表示一个最近按计划或安排要进行的动作，可代替将来时，此时一定要与表示将来的时间状语连用；这样应用的主要动词有：go, come, leave, start, arrive, return等。e.g. Are you going to Tianjin tomorrow? 你明天去天津吗？He is leaving for Beijing at eight tomorrow. 明天八点他要去北京3）动词现在进行时常与always搭配使用，表示反复出现或习惯性的动作，隐含说话人的赞扬、喜好或厌恶的情绪。 e.g. He is always talking. 你老是说个没完没了。She is always helping people. 她总乐于助人。6.句式变化 因为动词时态中含有be动词，所以变否定句时直接在be动词后加not,变成一般疑问句时，把be动词提前到句首，再将句末改成问号。一般现在时和现在进行时专练 一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式和现在分词go _ _ enjoy _ _ teach _ _eat_ _ draw _ _ walk _ _take_ _ dance_ _ write _ _run_ _ swim_ _ get _ _二、用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Miss Li _ (like) sleeping in the day.2.Listen! Who _ (talk) with your parents?3.The girl _ ( not dance ) on Wednesday. She dances on Friday.4.He wants _ (be) a teacher.5.Everyone _(say) she is a good shop assistant.6.Can she _ (sing) in English?7.They like _ (read) under the tree. Look! They _ (sit) there to read.8.Lets _ (eat) lunch together(一起).9.Look! A cat _ (run) up the tree.10.Its 6:30. My brother _ (see) a movie.11.Sam _ (go) to school at 7:00 every day.12.Peggy is _ (clean) the bedroom now. She is a good girl.13.- Where _ Mr. Green _ (live) ?- He _ in London.14.- _ you _ (clean) your bedroom?- No, Im not. Im cleaning the living room.15.- _ Nancy _ (talk) on the phone?- No, she isnt. She _ (eat) lunch now.三、选择填空 ( ) 1. Father usually _ his newspaper after dinner. A. read B. reads C. reading D. is reading( ) 2. The Blacks often _ to the cinema on Saturday evenings. A. go B. goes C. is going D. are going( ) 3.Look! The boy _ with his mother in the pool. A. is swimming B. is swiming C. are swimming D. are swiming ( ) 4.- What is Tom doing in the classroom?- He _ something on the blackboard. A. draws B. draw C. is drawing D. are drawing.( ) 5.Old Tom usually _ up at six and _ sports in the garden. A. gets, dos B. gets, does C. get, does D. gets, do( ) 6. Its ten oclock and Jack _ still(仍然) _ his homework. A. is, do B. is, doing C. are, do D. are, doing( ) 7. The waiters _ to work at five every morning. A. start B. starts C. starting D. are starting( ) 8.I _ a letter, so I cant go out with you. A. is writing B. am writing C. am writeing D. am writting 四、用括号中动词的适当形式填空。1. Every year my parents _ (give) me a present for my birthday. 2. Mike, where are you? _ you _(wait) for me there?3. What _ you always _ (do) on weekends?4. We usually _ (have) four classes in the morning. There _ (be) a break between two classes.5. Look! Something _ (lie) there.6. She _ (write) a letter now.7. The singer _ (sing) two songs on TV once a week.8. Your teacher _(look) young though he is sixty years old.9. My aunt _ (