写作sentence练习.doc

Sentence WritingPart 1-Building Simple SentencesExercise In each of the following sentences, underline the subject and the verb. Then, label direct objects, indirect objects, subject complements and object complements. scExample: Isaac Asimov was a science fiction writer.1. Isaac Asimov first saw science fiction stories in his parents Brooklyn store.2. He practiced writing by telling his schoolmates stories.3. Asimov published his first story in Astounding Science Fiction.4. The magazines editor, John W. Campbell, encouraged Asimov to continue writing.5. The young writer researched scientific principles to make his stories more accurate.6. Asimovs “Foundation” series of novels is a “future history”.7. The World Science Fiction Convention gave the series a Hugo Award.8. Sometimes Asimov used “Paul French” as a pseudonym.9. Biochemistry and Human Metabolism was Asimovs first nonfiction book.10. Asimov coined the term robotics.Part 2-Building Compound SentencesExercise A. Working with ClausesBelow are five numbered sentences followed by six independent clauses, please add one of the independent clauses to each numbered sentence, using the correct punctuation. Use each lettered clause only one time.1. Every culture has its own words for smart and stupid._c_2. People may think that certain tests cannot measure intelligence._d/e_3. A person may be very good at one kind of reasoning._a_4. Some people do not agree about the validity of IQ tests._ d/e _5. Some schools will not give IQ tests to students._b_a. yet she or he may not do very well at another kind.b. nor do they give any other kind of intelligence tests.c. but people continue to debate about what intelligence is.d. so they continue to debate about using them.e. or they may believe that some tests are not fair.B. Writing Sentences Combine pairs of sentences below using the coordinators, but use a different one in each case. Some of those sentence pairs can be combined with different coordinators.1. Your learning style is not related to your intelligence. It is related to your personal way of learning efficiently.Your learning style is not related to your intelligence, but it is related to your personal way of learning efficiently.2. Your learning style has been with you a long time. You were born with it.Your learning style has been with you a long time, for you were born with it.3. Some people are not successful in traditional lecture classes. They are not successful in listening lab classes.Some people are not successful in traditional lecture classes, nor are they successful in listening lab classes.4. Success comes with many different earning styles. There is no correct approach to learning.Success comes with many different learning styles, for (so/and/but)there is no correct approach to learning.5. We all have a particular way of learning new information. We should be aware of our own style.We all have a particular way of learning new information, so OR and we should be aware of our own style.6. You may prefer to learn through pictures and diagrams. You may like to learn through listening to people and audio tapes.You may prefer to learn through pictures and diagrams, or you may like to learn through listening to people and audio tapes 7. You may find it easy to learn though pictures and other visuals. It may be much more difficult for you to learn through audio tapes or lectures.You may find it easy to learn through pictures and other visuals, but it may be much more difficult for you to learn through audio tapes or lectures TransitionsExercise Combine each pair of sentences below into one sentence, using the linking transition given in parentheses. Be sure to include the correct punctuation.1. (in addition) Many people have an interest in using folk remedies. The number of people using such cures is increasing.Many people have an interest in using folk remedies; in addition, the number of peopleusing such cures is increasing.2. (for example) Some people use special teas to help them sleep. They may drink herbal teas before they go to bed.Some people use special teas to help them sleep; for example, they may drink herbal teas before they go to bed.3. (furthermore) There are many kinds of folk medicine. These different kinds usually vary from culture to culture.There are many kinds of folk medicine; furthermore, these different kinds usually vary from culture to culture.4. (for instance) People often learn folk remedies from someone in their family. Mothers and grandmothers may pass along this information.People often learn folk remedies from someone in their family; for instance, mothers and grandmothers may pass along this information.5. (then) Children learn about folk remedies from their parents and grandparents. They teach their own children these same remedies.Children learn about folk remedies from their parents and grandparents; then they teach their own children these same remedies.Introductory transitionsExercise Rewrite each pair of sentences using the transition given in parentheses. Write the sentences in two ways:a. Rewrite the sentences as two separate sentences using the word or expression in parentheses as an introductory transition at the beginning of the second sentence.b. Combine the two sentences into one longer sentence using the expression given in parentheses as a linking transition.Be sure to use the correct punctuation in all of the sentences you write.1. (therefore) Some aspects pf your health can depend on inherited problems. It is a good idea to know about your familys health history.1. a. Some aspects of your health can depend on inherited problems. Therefore, it is a good idea to know about your familys health history. b. Some aspects of your health can depend on inherited problems; therefore, it is a good idea to know about your familys health history.a._b._2. (for instance) A disaster to the environment can cause a problem for an ecosystem. An oil spill in the ocean will affect the health of many living things in the area.2. a. A disaster to the environment can cause a problem for an ecosystem. For instance, an oil spill in the ocean will affect the health of many living things in the area. b. A disaster to the environment can cause a problem for an ecosystem; for instance, an oil spill into the ocean will affect the health of many living things in the area.a._b._3. (also) Holistic health practitioners consider a patients medical problem. They consider other things such as the patients social and physical environment.3. a. Holistic health practitioners consider a patients medical problem. Also, they consider other things such as the patients social and physical environment. b. Holistic health practitioners consider a patients medical problem; also, they consider other things such as the patients social and physical environment.a._b._4. (then) People in public health study the situation of homeless people. They might make recommendations about improving the health of those people.4. a. People in public health study the situation of homeless people. Then, they might make recommendations about improving the health of those people. b. People in public health study the situation of homeless people; then, they might make recommendations about improving the health of those people.a._b._5. (moreover) The health of people all over the world depends on economics. The equal distribution of money and other resources is important for ensuring good health for more people.5. a. The health of people all over the world depends on economics. Moreover, the equal distribution of money and other resources is important for ensuring good health for more people. b. The health of people all over the world depends on economics; moreover, the equal distribution of money and other resources is important for ensuring good health for more people.a._b._Part 3-Building Complex Sentences SubordinatorsExercise A. Writing sentencesBelow is a list of events in the life of Frederick Douglass from his escape from slavery to the end of the US Civil War. Use this information in this activity and the next one.1838Married Anna MurrayMoved to New Bedford, Massachusetts1841Started to give his antislavery speeches1845May-published his first book (Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass)August-went to England1846December-became legally free1847Spring-returned to United States from EnglandFall-moved to Rochester, New YorkDecember-established his newspaper, called North Star1851Changed the name of his newspaper from North Star to Frederick Douglass Paper1855Wrote second book about his life (My Bondage and My Freedom)1859November-went to England1860March-Abraham Lincoln became the president of the united StatesApril-Start of US Civil WarMay-Returned to the United States1863Met with President Lincoln about discrimination against Blacks in the US Army1865End of US Civil warCombine each pair of sentences below using the subordinating conjunction given in parentheses. Write your new sentence in two ways:a. Use the conjunction between the two clauses.b. Use the conjunction at the beginning of the sentence.Be sure to use correct punctuation in each sentence you write.1. (after) He moved to New Bedford, Massachusetts. He started to give antislavery speeches.1. a. He started to give antislavery speeches after he moved to New Bedford. b. After he moved to New Bedford, he started to give antislavery speeches.a._b._2. (while) He was living in England. He continued to give antislavery speeches.2. a. He continued to give antislavery speeches while he was living in England. b. While he was living in England, he continued to give antislavery speeches.a._b._3. (until) He stayed in England. He became legally free.3. a. He stayed in England until he became legally free. b. Until he became legally free, he stayed in England.a._b._4. (before) A group of his supporters bought his freedom from Hugh Auld for $710. he returned to the United States.4. a. A group of his supporters bought his freedom from Hugh Auld for $710.96 before he returned to the United States. b. Before he returned to the United States, a group of his supporters bought his freedom from Hugh Auld for $710.96.a._b._5. (when) He returned to the United States from England. He settled in Rochester, New York.5. a. He settled in Rochester, New York when he returned to the United States from England. b. When he returned to the United States from England, he settled in Rochester, New York.a._b._B. Sentence CompletionComplete each sentence below by added a complete clause that uses some information about Frederick Douglass from the table above. Be sure to include any necessary punctuation in each sentence.1. The name of Frederick Douglass newspaper was North Star until_.2. While Lincoln was president of the United States_.3. After Frederick Douglass wrote his second book_.4. The Civil War in the United States began before_.5. When Frederick Douglass moved to Rochester, New York_.6. Before the Civil War ended_.7. As the Civil War was taking place_.B. 1. The name of Frederick Douglass newspaper was North Star until he changed it in 1851.2. While Lincoln was President of the United States, the Civil War began. OR Frederick Douglass returned to the United States.3. After Frederick Douglass wrote his second book, the Civil War began, or he went to England again.4. The Civil War in the United States began before Frederick Douglass returned to the United States. OR Frederick Douglass met with President Lincoln.5. When Frederick Douglass moved to Rochester, New York, he had already become free. or he established a newspaper called The North Star.6. Before the Civil War ended, Frederick Douglass met with President Lincoln twice.7. As the Civil War was taking place, Frederick Douglass met with President Lincoln to discussdiscrimination of Blacks in the US army. Relative pronounsExercise Working with ClausesTo each of the numbered sentences below, add one of the relative clauses that follow the sentences. Write the whole sentence on the lines provided, and be sure to put the relative clause in the correct place for each sentence. Use each relative clause only one time. The first one has been done as an example.1. People created totem poles from red cedar trees in the Pacific Northwest._c_2. These Native American totem poles are made for storytelling._a_3. Each carved design represented different clan or family group._e_4. On each totem pole you can see designs._d_5. These animals are recognizable._b_a. which are found in many places in the Pacific Northwestb. whose physical characteristics are carved into the polesc. who were skilled carversd. that are animals or supernatural creaturese. which was called a crest or totemRelative pronouns Exercise Working with clausesTo each of the numbered sentences below, add one of the relative clauses that follow the sentences. Use each relative clause only one time. The first one has been done as an example.1. The totem poles tell stories of peoples lives and clans._c_2. The images are of different kinds of animals._a_3. Cedar trees were also used for other things, such as houses and tools._d_4. A special kind of poles was a memorial pole._e_5. A carver could become an important person in his society._b_a. that you see on the totem polesb. whom the chief considered very skilledc. that you find in the Pacific Northwestd. which carvers used for totem polese. which a carver made to honor a dead chiefRelative clauses and commasExercise A. Identifying Types of Relative Clauses1. Look at sentences a and b below.In which sentence are all the students studying English? _b_In which sentence are only some of the students studying English? _a_In which sentence can you find a restrictive (essential) relative clause?_a_a. The students who are studying English are learning about totem poles.b. The students, who are studying English, are learning about totem poles.2. Look at sentences a and b below.Which sentence tells you that there is only one example sentence? How do you know this? _b_Which sentence contains a nonrestrictive (nonessential) relative clause? _b_a. The example sentence which is about totem poles is not difficult to understand.b. The example sentence, which is about totem poles, is not difficult to understand.B. Commas and Meanings of Relative ClausesEach of the following sentences contains a relative clause. Answer the questions about the meaning of these sentences. Circle the correct letter.1. Native Americans, who are also known as The People, seek their own way yo explain peoples origins and destinies.This sentence says_a_a. all Native Americans are known as The People.b. only some Native Americans are known as The People.2. Great respect is held for those people who protect sacred ways and help them grow.This sentence says respect is held_a_a. only for people who protect sacred ways.b. for all people.3. Training began with children, who were taught to sit still and enjoy it.This sentence says the training was for_b_a. only the children who could sit still and enjoy it.b. all the children.4. A child who cannot sit still is half-developed child.This se