构词法讲解.doc

全国首家私秘考研辅导机构词汇基础篇构词法（前缀，后缀，词根）考研英语常用前缀（1）. 表示“否定”前缀im- moral immoral possible impossiblein- direct indirect correct incorrectun- certain uncertainfortunate unfortunateir- regular irregular responsible irresponsibleil- legal - illgalliterate illiteratenon- smoker- non-smokersense nonsensedis- advantage disadvantageagree disagreehonest dishonestmis- fortune misfortuneunderstand misunderstandde- code decodevalue devalueab- normal abnormal use abuse（2）表示“数量”前缀semi-circle semicirclefinal semifinalhemi-hemi hemispheremono- plane monoplanetone monotoneuni- form uniformdirectional unidirectionalbi- lingual bilingualcycle bicycletri- angular triangularcycle tricyclemini- bus minibusskirt miniskirtmulti- purpose multipurposenational multinationalpoly- centric polycentricsyllabic polysyllabicsuper- marker supermarketnatural supernaturalextra- curricular extracurricularordinary extraordinaryultra- modern ultramodernsound ultrasoundmacro- economics macroeconomicsstructure macrostructuremicro- computer microcomputerelectronics microelectronicscenti- grade centigrademeter centimeterkilo- gram kilogrammeter kilometer（3）表示“空间位置”前缀over- head overheadtime overtimeunder- develop underdevelopsea underseasub- divide subdividesection subsectioninfra- structure infrastructureout- door outdoorlive outliveintra- city intracitydepartment intra-departmentinter- change interchangenational internationalmid- day middaynight midnighttrans- Atlantic transatlanticplant transplantcross- country cross-country breed crossbreed（4）“时间顺序”前缀ex- minister ex-ministerwife ex-wifeport-exportpre- war- prewar school - preschoolpost- graduate postgraduatewar postwar（5）表示“共同”或用来“加强语气”co- author coauthorexist coexistcol- location collocationcom- press compresspassion compassioncon- centric concentricfederation confederationcor- relate correlaterespond correspond(6) 动词前缀be- friend befriendlittle belittleem- body embodypower empoweren- danger endangerlarge enlarge（7）其他常用前缀：pro- America pro-America pro proceed anti- war antiwar smoking antismoking contra- diction contradiction counter- act counteractaero- plane - aeroplane space aerospaceauto- biography autobiographycriticism autocriticismself- employed self-employedtaught self-taughtbio - chemistry biochemistrybiology by-product by-productway bywayvice- chairman vice-chairmanpresident vice-presidentre- unite reuniteuse reuse考研英语常用后缀(1)名词后缀-ion ,ition , -ation collect collection observe observation-ability, ibility able ability capable capability-ment move movement retire retirement-ness dark darkness happy happiness-sion decide decision expand expansion-ance , -ence appear appearance refer reference-ancy , -ency emergent emergency expect expectancy-cy accurate accuracy-ee employ employee interview interviewee-er , -or , -ar paint painter beg beggar-ist psychiatry psychiatrist violin violinist-an ,-ian , -arian library librarian music musician-ess actor actress waiter waitress-ant , -ent apply applicant correspond correspondent-ics electron electronics linguist linguistics-ology climate climatology future futurology-ism Marx Marxism socialist socialism-ship friend friendship scholar scholarship-th grow growth wide width-ity, -ty cruel cruelty pure purity-ure close closure expose exposure(2)动词后缀-en deep deepen fast fasten-ify class classify simple simplify-ize , -ise modern modernise / modernize popular popularise / popularize(3)形容词后缀-able , -ible suit suitable question questionable-ful care careful pain painful-less hope hopeless pain painless-ous , ious danger dangerous poison poisonous-ive create creative support supportive-al nature natural structure structural -ent, -ant differ different please pleasant -ory, -ary advise advisory custom customary-ate consider considerate fortune fortunate-en gold golden wood wooden-ic, -ical atom atomic psychology psychological-y guilt guilty noise noisy(4)副词后缀-ly easy easily heavy heavily考研英语常用的词根1. ceed, cess 含义是行，让步proceed, succeed, exceed2. cap, capt, cept 含义是取，获capture, except, concept, capacity3. claim 含义是呼喊claim, proclaim, exclaim4. clud.clos 含义是闭合conclude, include, exclude5. dic, dict 含义是说，示dictate, indicate, predict6. doc, doct, 含义是教doctrine, document7. duc, duct含义是引导，传导introduce, produce, conduct, deduct8. fer, 含义是搬运，移转transfer, defer9. firm, 含义是坚固firm, confirm, affirm10. form, 含义是形uniform, transform, reform, deform11. gram, graph, 含义是书写，记录telegram, photograph12. grad, gress,含义是步，阶段gradually, progress, regress13. labour, labor, 含义是劳动，工作labourer, collaborate14. lif, liv, 含义是生活，生存 life, alive, live, living, lively15. long, leng, ling, 含义是长的length, prolong, linger16. mand, mend, 含义是命令 command, demand, recommend17. man, manu, 含义是手，手法manage, manual18. memor, member, 含义是记忆memory, remember, memorial19. miss, mit, 含义是派遣，送mission, dismiss, transmit20. mob, mot, mov, 含义是动movement, motion, mobile, remove21. nect, nex, 含义是捆扎connect, disconnect22. pel, puls, 含义是追逐expel, impel23. pend, pens, pond, 含义是悬挂depend, independent24. phon, 含义是声音telephone, microphone25. port, 含义是搬运export, import26. press 含义是压，压制pressure, express, oppress, impress, depress27. quer, quest, quir, quis, 含义是寻找，探问inquire, inquiry, acquire, question, 28. scrib, script, 含义是书写，记录describe, subscribe, manuscript29. sens, sent, 含义是感觉，情感sensitive, sensation, sentiment, sensible30. soci, 含义是结合，社交social, sociable, associate31.spec, spect, spitc, spis, 含义是看，视inspect, spectator, conspicuous, respect32. struct 含义是建筑，构造structure, construct, instruct, dest