有限元、力学专业词汇.docx

有限元、力学专业词汇汇总-中英文对照集中力 concentrated force 分布力 distributed force拉力 tensile force 拉伸实验 tensile test横向力 lateral force transverse force 轴向力 axial force重力 gravitational force 静水压力 hydrostatic pressure约束力 constraint force 实际作用力 actual force正应力 normal stress 切应力 shear stress正应力的大小magnitude of normal stress 剪应力的合力resultant of shear stress 拉应力 tensile stress 压应力 compressive stress极限应力 ultimate stress 屈服应力 yield stress 应力应变曲线stress-strain curve线性应力应变关系linear relationship between stress and strain惯性矩 moment of inertia 静矩 static moment扭矩 torque moment 弯矩 bending moment扭转角 twist angle 两端作用扭矩 twisted by couples at two ends扭转刚度 torsional rigidity 拉伸刚度 tensile rigidity刚体 rigid body 轴 shaft 梁 beam悬臂梁 cantilever beam 简支梁 simply supported beam一端铰支 pin support at one end 一端固定 fixed at one end静定梁 statically determinate beam 静不定梁 statically indeterminate beam对称平面 symmetry plane 刚体的平衡 equilibrium of rigid body平衡方程 equilibrium equation 微分方程 differential equation相容方程 compatibility equation 补充方程 complementary equation静力学方程equations of static 静力等效 statically equivalent虎克定律 hooks law 初始位置 initial position 边界条件 boundary condition横坐标 abscissa 纵坐标 ordinate 中性轴 neutral axis纵轴 longitudinal axis 绕纵轴转动 rotate about a longitudinal axis纯剪切 pure shear 横截面积 cross-sectional area弯矩图 bending moment diagram 剪力图 shear force diagram剪力突变 abrupt change in shear force 旋转和平移 rotation and translation挠度曲线 deflection curve 曲率半径 radius of curvature弹性模量 modulus of elasticity 比例极限 proportional limit力矩面积法 moment-area method 脆性破坏 brittle fail相互垂直平面 mutually perpendicular planes通过截面形心 through the centroid of the cross section工程实际问题 practical engineering problems三维力系 three-dimensional force system 汇交力系 cocurrent system of forces合力矩 resultant moment 合矢量 resultant vector标量方程 scalar equation、 矢量方程 vector equation、 张量方程 tensor equation任意一点 an arbitrary point 一束光 a beam of light反作用力 reaction force 反作用力偶 reaction couple几何约束 geometric restriction转动约束 restriction against rotation 平动约束 restriction against translation运动的趋势 tendency of motion 参考框架 frame of reference绕给定轴转动 rotate about a specific axis 沿一个方向运动 move in a direction控制方程 control equation 未知反力 unknown reaction forces共线力 collinear forces 平面力系 planar force system大小和方向 magnitude and direction 刚性连接 rigidly connected运动学关系 kinematical relations 运动的合成 superposition of movement固定点 fixed point 平动的叠加 superposition of translation刚体的角速度 angular speed of a rigid body 定性的描述 qualitative description质点动力学 particle dynamics 变化率 rate of change运动微分方程 differential equation of motion动量守恒 conservation of linear momentum点线 dotted line、 划线 dashed line、 实线 solid line角速度 angular velocity、角加速度 angular acceleration矢量积 vector product 点积 dot product 极惯性矩 polar moment of inertiainfinitesimal amount 无穷小量 definite integral 定积分a certain interval of time 某一时间段 kinetic energy 动能 potential energy 势能conservative force 保守力 damping force 阻尼力coefficient of damping 阻尼系数 free vibration 自由振动periodic disturbance 周期性扰动 viscous force 粘性力forced vibration 强迫震动 general solution 通解 particular solution 特解 transient solution 瞬态解 steady state solution 稳态解second order partial differential equation 二阶偏微分方程external force 外力 internal force 内力stress component 应力分量 state of stress 应力状态coordinate axes 坐标系 conditions of equilibrium 平衡条件body force 体力 continuum mechanics 连续介质力学displacement component 位移分量 additional restrictions 附加约束 compatibility conditions 相容条件 mathematical formulations 数学公式isotropic material 各向同性材料 sufficient small 充分小state of strain 应变状态 dilatation strain 膨胀应变the first strain invariant 第一应变不变量 deviator stress components 应力偏量分量the first invariant of stress tensor 应力张量的第一不变量unit matrix 单位矩阵 bulk modulus 体积模量constitutive relations 本构关系（材料的应变张量与应力张量的关系） linear elastic material 线弹性材料 mathematical derivation 数学推导a state of static equilibrium 静力平衡状态 Newtons first law of motion 牛顿第一运动定律directly proportional to 与成正比 stress concentration factor 应力集中系数state of loading 载荷状态 St venant principle 圣维南原理uniaxial tension 单轴拉伸cylindrical coordinates 柱坐标 buckling of columns 柱的屈曲critical buckling load 临界屈曲载荷 critical value 临界值 critical load 临界载荷stable equilibrium 稳态平衡 unstable equilibrium condition 不稳定平衡条件a slender column 细长杆fixed at the lower end 下端固定 free at the upper end 上端自由fixed at both ends 两端固定 hinged at both ends 两端铰支tubular member 管型杆件 stability of column 柱的稳定elliptical hole 椭圆孔 transverse dimension 横向尺寸axial force 轴向力 plane stress 平面应力nominal stress 名义应力 principal stress d