四级专项训练-段落翻译答案.docx

四级专项训练段落翻译答案Practice 1 中国拥有世界认可的（world-acclaimed）古代文明。在历史的长河中，中国各族人民共同创造的宝贵文化遗产资源（cultural heritage resources）种类多样，形式多样，内容丰富，在世界上是独一无二的。中国的文化遗产体现了（reflect）独特的精神、价值观、思维和想象的方式，体现了（embody）活力（vitality）和创造力，从而作为人类文明的瑰宝被珍藏。文化遗产无形中也影响了中国人的思想观念，对中华文明的延续和发展作出了重要贡献（make special and important contribution to）。 China enjoys a world-acclaimed ancient civilization. Over the sweep of history, Chinese people of all ethnic groups have jointly created valuable cultural heritage resources with such a multitude types, diverse forms and rich contents that are exceptional in the world. Chinas cultural heritage reflects unique spirit, values, ways of thinking and imagination and embodies vitality and creativity of the Chinese nation, thus being cherished as treasures of human civilization. Cultural heritage has invisibly influenced the Chinese peoples ideas and concepts and made special and important contribution to the continuation and evolution of the Chinese civilization. Practice 2事实上，学习英语的最好方法与人们学习其母语（native language）的方法相同，就是吸收（absorption）。小孩在学母语时，首先就是倾听，听父母的讲话，然后逐渐地摸索出（work out）一套表达规律，来表达自己的需要。而没有哪一位家长会给孩子一本语法书，然后让他们通过语法书来学习语言。人们最终是需要了解一些基本的语言规则，但真正有效的语言学习还是要将自己沉浸（immerse）在那种语言的环境中。 In truth, the best way to learn English is the way anybody learns native language, that is, by absorption. As children, we all learned to use our native language from listening to our parents and, gradually, working out ways to express our needs. No parent ever gave their child a grammar book and told them to learn the language from that. Eventually, this is a need to know the basic rules of any language but the real benefit comes from immersing oneself in the language. Practice 3许多中国的学生都会通过国外留学的方式来进行自己的研究生（postgraduate）教育，这必然就要求他们要能够驾驭东道国（host country）的语言。通常，这些国外大学的授课方式与中国的大不相同。同时，学生到国外以后还会面临文化差异（culture shock），他们需要时间来适应。有些国家有中国社区（community），这对于刚刚抵达国外的中国学生来说，会感到非常方便。 Many Chinese students are taking the opportunity to further their postgraduate studies at overseas universities. An obvious necessity is to have a competent ability in the language of their host country. The lecturing process at these universities is often quite different from the Chinese approach. At the same time, students going to a foreign country may face a culture shock that will take time to adapt. Many foreign countries do have Chinese communities and these can be a great comfort to new arrivals. Practice 4元宵节（Lantern Festival）是在阴历的（lunar）一月十五日。早在西汉时期，它已经成为具有重要意义的节日。猜灯笼“谜语” （riddle）是节日的核心部分（essential part）。灯笼的主人会将谜语写在一张纸条上并贴在灯笼上。如果游客想到了谜语的答案，他们就将纸条拿下来去灯笼的主人那里查看答案。如果他们答对了，就会得到一份小礼物。这项活动最早出现在宋代。因为猜谜集趣味和智慧于一身，它在社会各阶层（all social levels）之间都很流行。 The Lantern Festival falls on the 15th day of the 1st lunar month. As early as the Western Han Dynasty, it has become a festival with great significance. Guessing lantern “riddles” is an essential part of the Festival. Lantern owners write riddles on a piece of paper and post them on the lanterns. If visitors have solutions to the riddles, they can pull the paper out and go to the lantern owners to check their answers. If they are right, they will get a small gift. The activity emerged in the Song Dynasty. As riddle guessing is interesting and full of wisdom, it has become popular among all social levels. Practice 5七夕节（Double Seventh Festival），阴历七月七日，是一个充满浪漫的传统节日。这个节日是在盛夏（mid-summer），正当天气暖和，草和树郁郁葱葱（luxurious green）。晚上，当天空点缀着（dot）星星的时候，人们可以看到银河系（Milky Way）从北跨越到南。在银河的两边各有一颗明亮的星星遥遥相望。他们就是牛郎（Cowherd）和织女（Weaver Maid），关于他们，有一个美丽的爱情故事代代相传。The Double Seventh Festival, on the 7th day of the 7th lunar month, is a traditional festival full of romance. This festival is in mid-summer when the weather is warm and the grass and trees reveal their luxurious greens. At night when the sky is dotted with stars, people can see the Milky Way spanning from the north to the south. On each bank of it is a bright star, which sees each other from afar. They are the Cowherd and Weaver Maid, and about them there is a beautiful love story passed down from generation to generation.Practice 6许多刚毕业的大学生找不到工作，在校学生则担心自己的未来。多个调查显示，三分之二的中国毕业生想在政府或者国有（state-owned）企业工作，而不是为中国令人瞩目的（remarkable）经济增长提供动力的民营（private）企业。政府和国有企业被认为能免受经济萧条（recession / depression）的影响。根据调查，如今几乎没有大学生愿意放弃政府的铁饭碗（the safe shores of government work）而下海加入初创业（startup）或自己创业。Many recent college graduates cant find a job and students are fearful about their future. Several surveys indicate that two-thirds of Chinese graduates want to work either in the government or state-owned firms, which are seen as recession-proof, rather than at the private companies that have powered Chinas remarkable economic climb. Few college students today, according to the surveys, are ready to leave the safe shores of government work and jump into the sea to join startups or go into business.Practice 7孔子（Confucius）是我国古代著名的思想家、教育家、儒家学派（Confucian School）的创始人。相传孔子有弟子三千，贤弟子72人。孔子曾带领部分弟子周游列国14年。在中国五千年的历史上，对华夏民族的性格、气质（temperament）产生最大影响的人就算是孔子了。他正直、乐观向上、积极进取。他一生都在追求真、善、美，一生都在追求理想的社会。他品格中的优点，几千年来影响着中国人，特别是影响着中国的知识分子（intelectual）。 Confucius is a famous ideologist, educator, and the founder of Confucian School in ancient China. Its said he has 3,000 disciples, 72 out of whom are excellent ones, and he has led some disciples to visit various states for 14 years. During 5,000 years history of China, its Confucius who has extended the greatest impact on Chinese nations characteristic and temperament. He is upright, optimistic, active and enterprising, striving for truthfulness, kindness and beauty, and seeking for an ideal society all his life. The shining points in his characteristics have been influencing the Chinese people, especially the Chinese intellectuals for thousands of years.Practice 8每年的农历八月十五为中秋节，是月亮在一年中最圆、最亮的一天。关于这个节日有很多传说，但是最知名的传说是嫦娥奔月的故事。虽然各地庆祝中秋节的风俗不同，但是赏月是最流行的活动。在中秋节这天，当月亮升起的时候，全家人围桌而坐，一边聊天，一边赏月，还可以吃月饼、石榴（pomegranate）、枣子（date）等水果和点心。The Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the 15th day of the 8th lunar month, when the moon is the fullest and brightest of the whole year. There are many legends about this festival, among which Chang Er flying to the moon is the most well-known. Although customs differ in different districts, enjoying the beautiful moon is the most popular activity. On that day when the moon rises, all the family members will sit around the table to talk and enjoy the glorious full moon as well as the fruits and desserts such as moon cakes, pomegranates and dates.Practice 9端午节（the Duanwu Festival），也叫龙舟节（the Dragon Boat Festival），是中国农历（the Chinese calendar）的五月初五。关于这个节日有很多传说，但是最著名的是屈原的传说。屈原是战国（the Warring States Period）时期楚国的一位大臣（minister of the state）。他正直、忠诚，因为提出让国家和平繁荣的建议而受到人们的尊重。然而，国王昏庸的统治让屈原日益心灰意冷，他于农历五月初五自沉汨（mi）罗江。端午节这天的习俗有吃粽子、赛龙舟、喝雄黄酒（realgar wine）等。The Duanwu Festival, also called the Dragon Boat Festival, falls on the 5th day of the 5th month according to the Chinese calendar. Many legends circulate around the festival but the most popular is the legend of Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan was a minister of the State of Chu during the Warning States Period. He was upright, loyal and highly esteemed for his wise counsel that brought peace and prosperity to the state. However, the emperors befuddled rule gradually made Qu Yuan disappointed. He drowned himself in the Miluo River on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month. On this day, people have the custom of eating zongzi (rice dumpling), racing dragon boats and drinking realgar wine, etc.Practice 10清明是中国的二十四节气（the 24 seasonal division points in China）之一，一般是在每年4月4日到6日。清明过后，气温逐渐上升，雨水也增多，表明了这是农民开始安排农耕活动的关键时期。同时，清明也是郊游的大好时节，人们去户外踏青，并开展一系列消遣和体育活动。更重要的是，清明时节也是一个纪念祖先和已故亲人的日子。The Qingming Festival is one of the 24 seasonal division points in China, generally falling on April 4-6 each year. After the festival, the temperature will rise up and the rainfall will increase, indicating that it is the crucial time for the farmers to arrange their farming activities. Meanwhile, it is high time for spring outing, when people go out for fresh air, a sequence of recreations and sports activities. More importantly, Qingming is also the time for people to honor and pay respect to their deceased ancestors and family members.Practice 11农历九月九日是传统的重阳节（Chongyang Festival）或者说是双九节，至今有约两千年的历史。在中国古代，重阳节是一个重要的节日，这一天要举行各种庆祝活动，如登高、赏菊（chrysanthemum）、插茱萸（cornel）、吃重阳糕等。登高是重阳节的主要习俗。古人认为，在这一天登高可以避祸免灾。近年来，这个古老的节日被赋予了新的含义，逐渐成为开展敬老活动、一年一度的“老年节”。The 9th day of the 9th lunar month is the traditional Chongyang Festival, or Double Ninth Festival, which has a history of some 2,000 years. As an important festival in ancient China, Chongyang Festival was celebrated by holding various activities, such as climbing mountains, appreciating chrysanthemums, wearing cornel and eating Chongyang cakes. Climbing mountains is a major custom in Chongyang Festival. Ancient people thought climbing mountains on this day could help them avoid misfortune and prevent disasters. In recent years, a new meaning has been given to the old festival. It gradually becomes an annual Seniors Day on which a variety of activities are held in honor of senior people.Practice 12当今社会，伴随着技术的快速发展，中国经济形势蒸蒸日上。我国经济建设的各方面都取得了巨大成就。我们完成了诸多造福百姓的巨大工程，例如西部大开发（large-scale development of the western region），南水北调（South-to-North Water Diversion Project）等等。在居民的日常生活中，用水用电都更加方便快捷，出行选择也多种多样。不论生活在城市还是农村的老人都享有养老保险（pension insurance），再加上改革的社会保障制度（social safety net），使他们都能安享晚年。Nowadays, with the fast development of technology, Chinese economy is thriving. We have made great economic achievements in many aspects. There are countless programs benefiting common people, such as large-scale development of the western region and South-to-North Water Diversion Project. We have easier access to water and electric power in daily life, and we have more choices when traveling. Old people have pension assurance whether they live in cities or in the countryside, and they can enjoy their life with the reformed social safety net.Practice 13人们总是迫切希望改善环境，却从不肯改变自己。所以，他们做什么事都是麻烦不断。一个勇于自我反省（introspection）的人在实现理想目标的道路上永远不会失败。这是一个恒久不变的真理。即使一个人唯一的目标是获得财富，他也要在实现目标之前随时做好付出巨大牺牲的准备。那么，一个人要实现幸福美满的人生，又要付出多大的代价呢？Men are always anxious to improve their circumstances, but are unwilling to improve themselves. They therefore have trouble whatever they do. The man who does not shrink from introspection can never fail to achieve the goal upon which his heart is set. This is as true of earthly as of heavenly things. Even the man whose sole objective is to acquire wealth must be prepared to make great personal sacrifices before he can attain his goal. So how much will it cost him to realize a happy life?Practice 14关于资源消耗（resource consumption），中国的消耗增长率可谓惊人。例如，国家钢材消耗在1983年为3000万吨，到2003年飙升到了2.5亿吨，20年内增长8倍，占世界总消耗量的40%。水泥（cement）消耗大约为8亿吨，1983年后增长8倍，占世界总消耗量的50%。能源消耗超过日本，仅次于美国。在未来，中国工业结构（industrial structure）仍然保持以重工业和化工业（heavy and chemical industries）为主，高能耗高污染工业仍占据主要地位。In regard to resource consumption, Chinas growth rate of consumption is surprising. For example, the countrys steel consumption in 1983 was 30 million tons, but soared to 250 million tons in 2003, up eightfold in 20 year, accounting for 40 percent of the worlds total consumption volume. The cement consumption is about 800 million tons, a rise of eightfold after 1983, making up 50 percent of the worlds total. Power consumption has exceeded Japan, ranking second in the world to the United States. In the future Chinas industry structure will remain in a stage with heavy and chemical industry as the mainstay, and high energy consuming and high polluting industries continuing to dominate.Practice 15“没有计划，就没有成功”这句话非常有道理。职业，就像生活中的其他方面一样， 是需要事先规划的。每个人对他们想发展的方向都需要有一些现实的（realistic）考虑，包括要了解自己的优势和劣势，自己的好恶。只有先知己，才能做到知彼。每个职业都需要与其他人打交道，你越是精通人际交往，你就越能很好地与人合作共事。There is a stark truth in the saying, “He who fails to plan is planning to fail.” Like all aspects of life, planning your career is no different. Everyone needs to have some realistic idea about the direction they want to go. To do that, they need to understand their strengths and weaknesses, their likes and dislikes. Knowing yourself is the key to knowing others. Every career involves dealing with other people, so the more you know about human relations, the better you will be able to work with others.Practice 16中国必须大力提高资源利用率（utilization rate），提高资源循环（recycle）利用，加强废品的回收利用，来实现经济快速发展。同时不增加甚至减少原始（primitive）资源的消耗，不增加甚至减少污染排放，不破坏甚至保护自然环境。发展循环经济是解决经济快速增长和不断恶化（deterioration）的环境之间的矛盾（contradiction）的一项基本方法。经济发展需要良好的环境，经济的快速增长与环境持续优化并存才是人类文明进步的标志。China must energetically raise its resource utilization rate, improve the recycling of resources, strengthen reprocessing and use of waste products, so as to realize rapid growth of its economy while not increasing or even reducing the consumption of primitive resources, not increasing or even reducing pollutant discharge and not damaging or even restoring the environment. Developing a cycle economy is a fundamental way to solve the contradiction between rapid economic growth and the increasingly deteriorated environment. Economic growth needs fit environment. Only the coexistence of rapid economic growth and continuing upgrading environment is a symbol of progress of human civilization.Practice 17水污染一直是中国的一个主要环境问题。水污染的防治并不简单，而且大规模的水污染治理往往代价高昂。所有的现代都市都需要高效、安全的污水处理系统（sewage system），但这些污水处理系统自身的运转也需要消耗水量。现在，关注的热点都集中在废水的重复利用方面，根据废水的净化（purification）程度，有些净化过的水可以正常使用。Water pollution has always been a major environmental problem in China. There is no easy answer to prevent water pollution, Nor are there any cheap processes for the large scale treatment of water pollution. All modern cities demand effective and safe sewage systems which by their very nature require a large percentage of available water. A lot of attention is now being directed towards the recycling of waste water. Depending on its level of purification, some of this water can be suitable for normal consumption.Practice 18自从1978年市场改革以来，中国已经完成了从中央计划经济（centrally planned economy）向市场经济（market based economy）的转变。超过6亿人已经脱离了贫困，但是仍然有超过1.7亿人生活在国际贫困线以下每天少于1.25美元。2012年，中国的人均GDP为12045.67美元，这是30年前的37倍。到2018年，中国的人均GDP将从世界90位上升到第75位。然而，这仍然低于预计的世界平均水平。Since the initiation of market reforms in 1978, China has shifted from a centrally planned to a market based economy. More than 600 million citizens have been lifted out of poverty, but 170 million people still live below & 1.25-a day international poverty line. In 2012, Chinas GDP per capital was $ 12,405.67, which was 37 times higher than what it was just 30 years ago. By 2018, Chinas GDP per capital will climb from the 90th to 75th highest in the world. This, however, will still be below the forecasted world average.Practice 19中国是一个文化、语言、风俗和经济水平都很多样化的地方。经济格局尤其多样化。大城市如北京、广州和上海是现代的，相对富裕的。然而，约50%的中国人仍然生活在农村地区。尽管中国只有10%的土地是可耕地（arable land），但是数百万农村居民仍然依靠体力劳动或役畜（draft animal）耕作。两三百万农民迁到城镇寻找工作。一般来说，南部和东部沿海地区比内陆地区更富有，西部和北部，以及西南部是非常不发达的地区。China is a very diverse place with large variations in culture, language, customs and economic levels. The economic landscape is particularly diverse. The major cities such as Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai are modern and comparatively wealthy. However, about 50% of Chinese still live in rural areas even though only 10% of Chinas land is arable. Hundreds of millions of rural residents still farm with manual labor or draft animals. 200 to 300 million peasants have migrated to towns and cities in search of work. Generally the southern and eastern coastal regions are wealthier while inland areas, the far west and north, and the southwest are much less developed.Practice 20在传统的中国家庭文化中，同一祖先的几代后裔居住在一起，形成一个大家庭。这种自治家族制度是中国传统社会的基本单位。中国的孩子们跟随他们父亲的姓。这和西方文化是一样的。如今在中国，孩子跟父亲姓或母亲姓在法律上都是合法的。除了那些因为结婚加入到家庭中的人以外，人们的姓氏都是一样的。In traditional Chinese family culture, descendants of several generations from the same ancestor lived together and formed a big family system. This kind of autonomous family system was the basic unit of traditional Chinese society. Chinese children follow their fathers family name, which is the same as western culture. Nowadays in China it is legal for a child to follow either their fathers family name or mothers family name. Within each family system, of course, people except those who join this family system through marriage all have the same family name.Practice 21中国城市化（urbanization）将会充分释放潜在内需（domestic demand）。一些经济学家指出，在中国几乎所有的欠发达城市都面临着城市化的进程。这使得许多人的生活水平有所提高，也为人们提供更多的就业机会。随着越来越多的人向城市迁徙，住房及城市基础设施建设（infrastructure construction），包括水源和能源的供应将会成为城市发展的焦点问题。城市化意味着可以在城市享受更好的教育和医疗资源。商品与服务的自由、快速流通是城市化社会的一项基本特征。逐渐扩张的城市需要更多的零售店（retail outlet）来满足消费者的需求。Chinas urbanization will release the full potential of domestic demand. Some economists point out that urbanization is a process that is occurring in nearly every developing city in China. It will lead to a better quality of life for many people, and provide individuals with more job opportunities. The construction of housing and city, including water and energy supplies, will be a focal point of urban development as more people migrate to cities. Urbanization means better access to educational and medical resources in the city. The fast, free flow of goods and services is a basic trait of an urbanized society. Expanding cities require more retail outlets to satisfy the demands of customers. Practice 22茶马古道（Tea-horse Ancient Road）两边，生活着20多个少数民族。不同的地方有着各自美丽而神奇的自然风景和传统文化，比如：大理古城、丽江古城、香格里拉（Shangrila）、雅鲁藏布大峡谷和布达拉宫（Potala palace）。古道的两旁有庙宇、岩石壁画、驿站、古桥和木板路。这里是很多少数民族的家园，也是他们的民族舞蹈和民族服装的发源地。时至今日，虽然这条古道的踪迹都消失了，但它的文化和历史价值仍然存在。Along the Tea-horse Ancient Road live more than 20 minorities. Concentrations of beautiful and mysterious natural landscapes and traditional cultures develop in various sites, including Dali old city, Lijiang old city, Shangrila, Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon, Potala Palace. The road features temples, rock paintings, post houses, ancient bridges and plank roads. It is also home to many national minorities and their dances and folk costumes. Today, although t