初中英语被动态.doc

句子的分类：简单句、并列句和复合句。 简单句是只包括一个主谓结构的句子。并列句是包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子，句子之间常用并列连词连接。常见的连词有and, but, or, so等。一、常见的五种基本句型。1. ，主谓 The bus stopped. 2.，主谓（系）表，谓语动词一般为系动词；（表语可以是名词，形容词，动词不定式、动名词短语、介词短语或句子等）。连系动词主要有：be(am, is, are), look(看起来), sound（听起来）, smell（闻起来）, taste（尝起来）, feel（感到，摸起来）；stay/keep(保持)；seem(好像，似乎). turn/get/become/grow(变得); appear(呈现)：appear red The skirt looks beautiful. she is a student. My dream is to be a teacher. S V P 3.O，主谓宾I like English. She likes watching TV. She wants to go shopping.4.OC，主谓宾补，宾语补足语可以是形容词、名词、动词不定式等.I find English easy. They keep their eyes closed.She asked me to go shopping. She makes me laugh.5. 12，主谓双宾，接双宾语的动词有buy, give, show, tell, teach, offer, provide (give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. ) She gave me a pen. She buy me a pen.二、常见的并列句：(1) 用来连接两个并列概念的连接词有and , not onlybut also, neitherno等He likes playing football and he plays well. He neither knows nor cares what happened.The hotel is neither big nor comfortable.(2) 表示在两者之间选择一个, 常用的连接词有or, otherwise等 Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema（or译为：或者） Hurry up, or you will miss the bus. （or译为：否则） We must run, otherwise we will be late.(3) 表明两个概念彼此有矛盾、相反或者转折, 常用的连接词有but, yet, however, while(而)等,前后分句时态一致。 It has no mouth, but it can talk. School is over, yet all the teachers are still working.He wants to be a writer, while I want to be a scientist. (4) 说明原因或理由, 用连接词for。He has many good friends, for he is an honest man。(5) 表示结果,用连接词soMr. Li went to his hometown, so Mr. Wang was taking his class instead被动态(1)被动语态定义：被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式,用来说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。如果主语是动作的执行者(即某人做某事),便叫主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者(即某事被做),便叫被动语态。(2)被动语态由“助动词be +动词的过去分词”构成。(1) 被动语态的用法： 不知道谁是动作的执行者(即不知道谁做)时用被动语态,省略by短语。如：A man was killed in the accident. This window was broken yesterday.A railroad will be built here in three years强调动作的承受者,句尾加by短语。如：It was written by Lu Xun.A pet dog is never killed by its owner.(宠物狗是不会被主人宰杀的)(2) 主动语态如何改写为被动语态： 主动句： 主语(人/物) + 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语(人/物) (动作的执行者) (动作的承受者) 被动句： 主语(人/物) + 谓语(及物动词) + by +人 / 物 (动作的承受者) (be +过去分词) (动作的执行者) (3) 注意点：“动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”改为被动时,可以用间接宾语做被动句的主语。如： His teacher gave him a dictionary.He was given a dictionary by his teacher.“动词+宾语+动词原形”改为被动时,动词原形前要加to.如：The boss made the poor man work 12 hours a day.The poor man was made to work 12 hours a day.“动词+介词”改为被动时,介词一般在原位不动。如：The girl takes good care of her little brother.The girls little brother is taken good care of by her.“b