定语从句的翻译.doc

定语从句的翻译 英语中的定语从句根据它们对主句的限制和影响，分为限制性定语从句，和非限制性定语从句。无论哪种，一般都放在所修饰的中心词之后。在翻译成中文时，为符合中国人的语言表达习惯，既要读起来上口，有便于理解，多数情况下将较短的限制性定语从句译为前置定语。较长的或非限制性定语从句，要视具体情况，可以译成并列的分句，或独立成句。一。限制性定语从句 绝大多数限制性定语从句一般译为前置定语或并列句。1。译成前置定语 1）Everything that is around us is matter. 我们周围的一切都是物质。 2）Those who sacrifice themselves for the peoples cause are the real heroes of history. 为人民的事业牺牲自己的人才是历史上真正的英雄。2。译成并列句 1）I have some good ideas which wouldnt suit you. 我有一些好主意，怕对你不适用。 2）He was one of the earliest English grammarians who paid attention to this problem. 他是英语语法学家，而且是最早注意这一问题的。二。非限制性定语从句1。译成并列句 1）Captured documents, which we have obtained from individuals who had been infiltrated through this corridor plus prisoner-of war reports that we have obtained in recent months, let us to believe that the volume of infiltration has expanded substantially. 我们从经由这个走廊地带渗透进来的个别人身上缴获了一些文件，近几个月又从战俘那里得到了各种口供，我们相信渗透的规模已大幅度地扩展。 2）Anybody is better than Mack, who has neither honor, nor ability, nor capital. 谁都比麦克强，他既没名誉，又没能力，也没资金。2。译成独立句 1）The following March, Henry was fifty-five years old, due for retirement, and had been offered an outside job, which would give him nearly twice his secretarys salary with his pension. 翌年三月，亨利已经55岁，该退休了，但外面已经有人聘用他，新职的待遇加上他的养老金要比他当秘书的薪水多一倍。 2）He thought to better his circumstances by marrying a young woman of the French nation, who was by profession an opera-girl. 他想娶个法国女人来改善环境，那女人是个唱歌剧的年轻姑娘。三。 其他 由于汉语习惯上不使用长句，因此无论是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句，都可以把原文较长的定语从句拆开译成并列句或独立句。使译文通顺流畅，条理分明。关系代词的翻译可根据具体情况，灵活处理。1）Last week I wrote a letter to Vice-President, who had been a famous professor in our university.上周我写了一封信给副总统，副总统曾是我们学校的著名教授。（将关系代词who还原成先行词“副总统”） 2）I received the impression of a brutal, clever, competent man who, in business matters, at all events, would be pitiless. 我对这个人的印象是又残酷又精明能干。这种人在生意上无论如何都是毫不徇情的。 （这里的who概括了前面提到“又残酷又精明能干”的那种人。）在翻译过程中也可采用比较灵活的技巧。如下面两句把定语从句分别译成宾语从句和让步状语从句。 3）The young man happily took notice of his own name, which was written in many books. 这位年轻人欣喜地发现好多书里都有他的名字。（把定语从句译成宾语从句） 4）His wife insisted on buying another house, which they had no use for. 他夫人坚持要再买一所房子，尽管他们并没有这个必要。（把定语从句译成让步状语从句） 有时主从句的位置很难安排得当，可考虑把它们糅合起来，重新组织安排。 5）As I came in, Mr. Brown, who owned a red Fiat that used to stand in front of my house, waved to me from a table. 我进来时，那个开红色菲亚特车的布朗先生坐在一张桌子边向我招手。他的车子经常停在我房前。练习：1）In countries where people remain in one town or city for most of their lives, the social customs are quite different. 有些国家的人民几乎终身未离开一个市镇，所以社会风俗颇为不同。2）He made Larry who was sitting nest to him, though only three or four inches shorter, look pursy. 拉雷就坐在他身边，与他相比， 拉雷虽然只矮三、四英寸，却显得胖多了。3) The student, who has never done such a thing before, should be pardoned. 这个学生应该被饶恕，因为他以前从未做过这种事情。（表原因）4）She seeks happiness in selfish enjoyment, where it can never be found. 她在自私的享乐中寻找幸福，结果是永远也找不 到幸福。 （表结果）5）The task, which seemed to be difficult, was already accomplished in time. 虽然任务视乎很艰巨，但已及时完成。 （表让步）6) Private schools in the United States have a wide range of programs that are offered to meet the needs of certain students. 美国私立学校课程种类繁多，以期满足某些学生的不同要求。（表目的）7）Anyone who thinks that rational knowledge need not be derived from perceptual is an idealist. 如果以为理性知识可以不从感性知识得来， 他就是一个唯心论者。（表假设）8） Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families. 人们极其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作，只要能维持一家人的生活就行。（表条件）9. It seemed to him that his heart was bound with cords which an unseen hand was tightening with every tick of the clock. 他觉得他的心让许多绳子捆住，有一只看不见的手跟着钟的滴答声一下一下地把它收紧。10. He managed to raise a crop of 200 miracle tomatoes that weighed up to two pounds each. 他居然种出了两百个令人惊奇的西红柿，每个重达两磅。11. Vicky was an energetic student who labored at her dissertation on a little-known 14th century poet. 维基是个精力充沛的学生，她不辞劳苦地撰写那篇关于14世纪一位鲜为人知的诗人的学位论文。12.Acturally, it isnt. Because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have. 事实并非如此，因为这种问题是以人们对人权有共同认识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。13. Captured documents, which we have obtained from individuals who had been infiltrated through this corridor