新标准unit 8.doc

Unit eightTeaching objectivesTheme Charles SchultzSpeaking How to talk about likes and dislikes and how to make friendsGrammar the present and past continuous tensePractical writing How to write a diary entityText ABackground Information(Charles Schultz) Charles M. Schultz (1922-2000) is one of the most widely celebrated cartoonists in history, with his work appearing in over 2,300 newspapers. He has published more than 1,400 books, and won Peabody and Emmy awards for his animated specials. And all this recognition and continuous success has remained for almost half a century. Group Discussion1. Talk about a person who is famous and tell your classmates what he or she is famous for.2. Do famous people always exert positive influence on society? Do you have any examples of famous people having negative influence on society?Part Division of the TextThe text can be divided into three parts:Part 1 (Paragraph 1-3):Part 1 states that Sparky was a loser at school.Part 2 (Paragraphs 4-5):Part 2 tells us that Sparky was proud of his artwork, and that his artwork was not appreciated by anyone.Part 3 (Paragraphs 6):Part 3 narrates that Spark finally succeeded as a cartoonist after being rejected again and again.Detailed reading. vocabulary1. manageCollocations: manage a companymanage ones moneymanage ones householdmanage the horsePattern: manage to doExamples: We managed to get there in time. I managed to get two tickets to the concert.Derivation: manageable adj. 易管理的，能对付的management n. 管理，经营manager n. 管理者2. throughouta) throughout既有空间的概念，意思是“到处，遍及”，也有时间的概念，意思是“一直，贯穿”。如： Einstein is famous throughout the world. The baby cried throughout the night. b) throughout一般作为介词使用，有时也作副词。如： The house is dilapidated throughout. The boy remained confident throughout.Collocations: throughout the daythroughout ones lifethroughout the countrythroughout the houseComparison: throughout & all over all over也是既可作介词，也可作副词使用。两者有时可以相互代替。区别主要在于：a) all over主要指空间的概念，意为“遍及”。如： Ive been all over China. The students in the class come from all over the country. b) all over有时强调“在物体表面”。如： The books are scattered all over the floor. 而throughout并不强调这层含义。 c) all over 还有“（活动）完全结束”的意思，这是throughout不具有的意思。如： The game is all over.3. ordinariness ordinariness的形容词形式为ordinary。在这里，我们就ordinary的用法作简要说明。Idiomatic Expressions:in the ordinary way在一般情况下out of the ordinary不寻常的Example: Can you see anything out of ordinary?Comparison: ordinary & common两者都含有“普通”的意思。然而，common强调“由于数量多或常见而普通”。如： Mary is a very common name.而ordinary强调“由于没有什么特别之处而普通”。如： His life was quite ordinary.另外，common还有“共同的”意思，这是ordinary所不具有的。如： We share a common language.看看下面几个句子的空格中应该填ordinary还是common：a) American football is quite different from the ordinary football.b) Snow is common in cold countries.c) Peter and I have a common interest in football.d) Tom Sawyer was an ordinary American boy who kept getting into trouble.Derivation: ordinarily adv. 惯常地，通常4. appreciateappreciate 除了有文中的“欣赏”的意思外，还有几个重要的用法。如：a) 察觉，意识到Anyone can appreciate the cultural difference if he spends some time abroad.b) 感激I appreciate your timely help. c) 升值The land has appreciated in value.Comparison:appreciate & valueappreciate 指“由于认识到某物的高品质而喜欢或欣赏”，往往基于客观的评估、比较或判断；而value指“由于（某人自己）认为某物是重要的而珍惜”。如：I learned to appreciate English poetry in the third year of university.Between health and wealth, I value the former one.Derivation:appreciation n. 欣赏，感激appreciative adj. 有欣赏力的，赞赏的，感激的5. rejectionrejection 的动词形式是reject。我们来学习一下动词reject的用法。Collocations:reject completelyreject totallyreject ones offer of helpreject ones invitationreject ones applicationreject ones ideareject ones proposalComparison:reject, refuse & decline这三个词都含“拒绝”的意思。reject 指“不接受或不同意”。如：The committee rejected the proposal to discuss the reform of the factories.refuse 指“有意地、断然地或坦率地拒绝”。如：He refused to take the money.He refused to accept my advice.decline 指“较正式地、有礼貌地谢绝”。如：He declined to make any comment on the event.从用法上来说，reject通常跟名词或-ing分词作宾语；refuse通常跟动词不定式作宾语；decline既可跟名词作宾语，也可跟动词不定式作宾语。6. be meant to do词组be meant to do有两个意思：a) （照道理）应该。也就是文中使用的意思，相当于be strongly expected to do。如： Parents are meant to love all their children equally. b) 有意要，打算。相当于be intended to do。如： Im not good at drawing, but thats meant to be a ship.Comparison: be meant to do & mean to domean to do相当于intend to do，mean后面直接跟动词不定式作宾语。如： I didnt mean to be rude. I meant to ring you but Im afraid I forgot. be meant to do 实际上是mean sb to do的被动语态形式。如： She meant him to spend the rest of his life here in peace.其被动语态为： He was meant to spend the rest of his life here in peace.Useful Expressions: be meant for是给（某人）的，是为（某人）准备的mean well用意是好的mean business是当真的7. lossloss 既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词。除了文中的“失败”这个意思外，还有以下几种主要用法：a) 丢失，损失The death of the scientist is a great loss to the world.b) 去世It was a serious accident and there was much loss of life. c) 亏损His company suffered loss in business last year.Collocations:make up a lossheavy losseslight lossesIdiomatic Expressions:make a loss亏损at a loss困惑，不知所措cut ones losses损失不大时赶紧退出a dead loss（指人或物）十足的废物Derivation:loser n. 失败者8、constant constant 的含义是“一直存在的”。如：He was in constant pain. The world around us is in constant change.当constant用于物理或数学时，就是指“恒量”或“常数”。Collocations:constant speedconstant temperatureconstant rainconstant troublea constant friendbe constant to (sb / sth)be constant in (sth)Derivation:constancy n. 恒久性，不变性constantly adv. 经常地，不断地. Language points1. Otherwise he would be satisfied with his ordinariness. 否则的话（即，如果事情不出现转机的话），就顺其自然好了。 Sentence Paraphrase: Under other circumstances, he would be contented with his being an average person.Structural Analysis:句中的情态助动词would表示将来。这里的otherwise相当于一个含蓄条件句，即条件从句不表达出来，而暗含在otherwise或其他的词组或从句中。文中的句子相当于：If things would not work out, he would be satisfied with his ordinariness.再看一个例子：(Im very tired.) Otherwise, I would certainly go with you.含蓄条件句除了可以用otherwise表达外，还可以用其他的词组或分句表达。如：But for your help, I couldnt have finished the job.In different circumstances, he might have given up.Born in better times, he would have lived a different life.What would I have done without you?He must have worked very hard, or he wouldnt have achieved so much.Happening in wartime, the same thing would amount to disaster.2. For Sparky, the boy who had never had any success in school and whose work was rejected again and again, was Charles Schultz. 对于Sparky来说，这个在学校从来没有出头之日的男孩，这个作品一再被退回的男孩，他就是查尔斯舒尔茨。Sentence Paraphrase:For Sparky, Charles Schultz was the prototype of the boy - he had always been a failure in school, and his work had never been accepted.Structural Analysis:这句话the boy后面有两个定语从句who had never had any success in school和whose work was rejected again and again，构成了两个并列的定语从句。一般来说，一个先行词之后只有一个定语从句修饰，但是有时也出现两个或多个定语从句同时修饰一个先行词。这种语法现象叫做双重定语从句。双重定语从句有两种情况：一种是两个定语从句由并列连词连接，处于同一层次（如例a）；另一种是两个定语从句处于不同层次（如例b）。如：a) I want to buy a house that looks over the sea and that has a big garden.b) He is the only person I know who can be qualified for the position.第一句中的先行词a house被两个定语从句that looks over the sea和that has a big garden修饰，两个定语从句之间是并列的关系。第二句中先行词the only person被两个定语从句I know和who can be qualified for the job修饰，这两个定语从句处于不同的层次。值得注意的是，当两个定语从句处于同一层次时，只能省略第一个定语从句中用作宾语的关系词。如：I want to borrow the book (which) you have bought and which Im interested in.这句话中只能省略第一个which。Grammar: 现在进行时和过去进行时（The present continuous tense & past continuous tense）现在进行时（The present continuous tense）一、 构成：Am/is/are + 动词现在分词二、 功能：1、表示说话时正在进行的动作或发生的事，如： 1）It is raining outside. 2）The students are reading aloud.2、表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事，如： 1）I am getting up at seven this week. 2）She is gaining weight. 3）My brother is learning English at college.3、表示不断重复的动作，通常与always，usually，constantly，continually，repeatedly等副词连用，而且常常带有褒贬等感情色彩，如： 1）She is always helping the others.（褒义）2）He is constantly complaining that the job is too tiring.(贬义) 以上两例句如不用进行时，便只是表示一种客观陈述，而不带有说话人的感情色彩。4、表示渐进的过程，这类动词通常是以下动词：get，become，turn，grow，forget，remember等，用于进行时态可表示某种状态的发展过程。请看例句： 1）Things are looking a bit better. 2）I am forgetting my English. 3）Winter is coming, The days are getting shorter while the nights are getting longer. 4）My hair is growing.5、表示即将发生的状态，常用的这类动词有：come，go, leave, meet, start, stay, stop, sleep等，如： 1）We are leaving at ten. 2）I am not staying with you. 3）The train is pulling in soon. 4）When I grow up, Im flying across the Atlantic Ocean.6、表示婉转语气，只适用于want, wonder, hope等少数动词。如： 1）I am wondering if you can send me the book. 2）What are you hoping for?过去进行时（The past continuous tense）一、 构成：was/were