新版八上U1-U2知识点.doc

U1一，重点语法：一般过去时意义：1.表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。如：Lilywas16yearsoldlastyear.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。如：Tomgotupat6:00lastweek.2.动词的结构：过去式3.常和一般过去时连用的过去时间状语有：last night (week ,month , year , century , etc.) ； yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning ( afternoon , evening ) ； in 1999（过去的年份） ； two hours ago ( one week ago , tree years ago , )等等。动词过去式的变化规则：1.一般情况在动词原形后加-ed: look -looked2.以字母e结尾的动词，只加-d: hope-hoped, live-lived3.以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed: stop-stopped shop-shopped4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，把y改为i,再加-ed: study-studied发音：1、清念/t/，即ed在清辅音后面念/t/,例：finishedhelped2、元浊/d/,即ed在元音，浊辅音后面念/d/,例：playedenjoyed3、/t/d/之后念/id/,即ed在/t/d/音后面念/id/例：wantedshouted特殊单词转换：原形变过去式1.go-went 2.ride-rode 3.feed-fed 4.take-took5.grow-grew 6.is-was 7.are-were 8.do-did9.have/has-had 10.eat-ate 11.buy-bought 12.e-came 14.get-got 15.see-saw 16.draw-drew17.hear-heard 18.teach-taught 19.find-found 20.put-put21.know-knew 22.run-ran 23.play-played 24.tell-told25.say-said 26.stand-stood 27.write-wrote 28.bring-brought29.spend-spent 30.pay-paid 典型例题：1，David often _ to work early, but this morning he _ to work late. A. go, went B. went, goes C. goes, went D. goes, goes2, How many classes _ _ in your school last Friday?A. were; there B. did; have C. was; there D. does; have二:复合不定代词.someany noeverysomethinganythingnothingeverythingsomeoneanyoneno oneeveryonesomebodyanybodynobodyeverybody注意：复合不定代词谓语动词用单数结构，如：Everything is ready for the party. 派对的每件事情都准备好了。形容词修饰复合不定代词放在它的后面：如：something interesting 有趣的事情典型例题：1， Did Lisa tell you _ in the letter?. A. funny something B. something funny C. anything funny D. funny anything综合填空： Do you think everything _ OK with Jenny?（be)三：不少，相当多 quite a few + 可数名词复数 = quite a little + 不可数名词复数= quite a lot + 可数名词复数/不可数名词复数典型例题：含义 用语肯定含义否定含义修饰可数名词many ，a fewfew修饰不可数名词much ,a little little1. The problem is _ difficult _ students can solve them.A so; and few B so; that little C so; that few D so; that a few2. This English newspaper is very easy for the students because there are _ new words in it.A little B a little C few D a few 3.There is_ bread but_ cakes on the plate. Please have one.A. a little; a few B. few; a little C. few; a few D. little; a few四：There is nothing .but.Nothing much to do 没有什么事情可做，Nothing .but .除.之外什么也没有；只有。But后可接名词或动词原形。典型例题:综合填空：I had nothing _ (did)but _(watch)TV.五:seem v. 似乎；好像；看来seem+形容词 Everything seems easy.一切似乎很容易。seem+名词 He seemed an honest man.他看上去像是个老实人seem+不定式 The math problem seems to be very difficult to work out.这道数学题似乎很难解决。seem+like+n./ V-ing，意思是看起来像 Those cards seemed like so many little flags .It seems/seemed +that从句 It seems that he is lying. 看来他在撒谎。典型例题：适当形式填空：My father seemed _ (be)angry yesterday afternoon.六：arrive，get ,reach 的区别。三个单词都译为“到达”，arrive 为不及物动词，arrive in表示到达较大的地方，如国家，省市等；arrive at 表示到达较小的地点，如机场，商店，村庄等。Get 也是不及物动词，get to+地点。Reach为及物动词，后面直接加地点。典型例题：（2013年四川雅安）They arrived _ Shanghai_ a cold morning.A.in; in B.in; on C.at; on D.at; in 七，wonder+宾语从句。(宾语从句应用陈述语气)v. 怀疑；想知道；惊讶常见的用法有：l 后接 who ， what ， why ， where 等引导的宾语从句。如：I wonder who she is.我想知道她是谁。I wonder why Ann is late.我想知道安为什么迟到了。l 后接 that 引导的宾语从句，表示“感到惊奇；对感到惊讶”， that 常可省去。如：I wonder (that) she has won the race.我对她赢了比赛感到惊讶。l 后接 if 或 whether 引导的宾语从句，常用来表示一种委婉的请求或疑问。如：She wondered whether you were free that morning.她想知道你那天上午是否有空。l 后接动词不定式短语。如：I wondered to see you there.看到你在那里，我感到惊讶。l 后接“疑问词不定式”构成的短语。如：Im just wondering how to do it.我正想知道该怎样做那件事。典型例题：Tomorrow is Fathers Day . I wonder _. Ill cook a big dinner at home and send him a gift. A. where will you have dinner with your father B how will you show love to your father. C What you will do for your father D. what your will send to your father 八，感叹句：常用怎样区分两个词引导感叹句，what和how。翻译为多啊基本结构为：What +a/an +adj+可数名词单数（+主谓）！ What +adj +不可数名词（+主谓）！ How +adj/adv （+主谓）！典型例题：1. _ a day makes! A.What different B.How difference C.What a difference D.How a different 2. - _ it is today! - Yes.Shall we go hiking?A. How fine weather B.What fine weather C.What a fine weather D.How fine the weather九，because与because ofbecause是连词，其后接句子,引导原因状语从句； he didnt go to school because he was ill.because of是复合介词，其后接名词（短语）、代词或动名词 ，不能接句子。典型例题：_ the illness,she didnt go to school.A.Because B.But C.So D.Because of 十. bring和takeBring 译为“带来，拿来”，指从别处带到说话人所在地。Take译为带走，拿走指从说话人所在地带到别处去。典型例题：（2012年威海中考模拟）Why dont you _ your friends to the party?I want to meet them.A.brings B.bring C.leaves D.take十一感官动词的用法：这里指的是看到，感到，听到等动词。 常见的有：feel,listen to,hear,see,watch,look at,notice,have,let,make,help等。口诀“注意、观察、三看、二听、一感觉；三个使役半帮助。”这些词后面既可以加do表示全过程又可以加doing表示正进行。 典型例题： 1. What will you do if you see someone_in line?I will say Would you mind joining the line?”.A. waitB. cutsC. waitingD. cut2.Can you hear someone in the classroom? It is Mary. A. sing B. sings C. singing D. sang 12 Another再一，另一个（常和one搭配）：典型例题：-May I have _ slice of bread with butter,Im not full. -Sure.Here you are. A.other B.another C.the other D.the others 拓展：表示再多一些：another+数词+名词复数 = 数词+more +名词复数 典型例题：1.Im afraid I cant come tomorrow,maybe _. A.the other time B.the other times C.other times D.another time 2. - Haerbin is really a beautiful city and there many places of interest. - So it is. Why not stay here for _ two days? A.other B.others C.another D. the other13 find out ,find 与look for 的区别。find out 表示经过很大努力才找到，表结果。find 只是强调找到，发现的结果。look for 表示寻找的过程。典型例题：1,Did you _ when he arrived?A find B find out C look for D look at2,Im trying to find a better way to _ where my old books are.A find B find out C look for D look at3. My father looked at the time and _ when the arrived.A look for B find out C found D found out十四，so.that.so .adj/adv that.表示结果，译为如此以至于,引导结果状语从句。拓展：So that 表示为了，相当于in order that ，表示目的。So.that. 经常可以和too.to. 或 not. enough to.进行同义句转换。例如：He is so young that he cant dress himself=He is too young to dress himself=He isnt old enough to dress himself. 经典例题： 1.The boy was _ hungry that he _ up all the food.A.very;eats B.too;eating C.quite;eat D.so;ate 2.You have to leave now _ you can catch the early bus.A. so that B.as soon as C.because D.if 3.（2013山东滨州）Li Na is _ famous _ all the tennis fans in China know her.A.too;to B.enough ; to C.as;as D.so; that十五Keep的用法。keep: v. “保持; 维持; 喂养”1) keep + sb. / sth. +形容词 “使某人/某物”e.g. The job kept them busy for a year. 2) keep +形容词 “保持”e.g. The man ran up and down to keep warm. 3) keep + sb. / sth. doing 让某人/某物继续做某事”e.g. She kept us waiting for her at the station for an hour.4) keep + doing “继续做, 坚持做”e.g. He kept running after her, trying to catch her. 十六remember 和forget的用法。remember to do sth 记得要去做某事（事情还未做）remember doing sth 记得已经做过某事（事情已经完成）forget to do sth忘记要做某事（事情还没做)forget doing sth忘记做过某事（事情已经做过了）典型例题：（2011湖南怀化）-Dont forget _ your homework ,John. -OK. Ill do it right now. A.doing B.do C.to doU21,How相关疑问句及回答。 1.用来询问方式或手段，如：-HowaretheygoingtoPoland?他们怎样去波兰？-HowdoesLiLeiusuallygotoschool?李雷通常怎样去学校？2.用来询问程度，如：-Howisyourweekend?周末过得怎样？-Howisyourmothertoday?你妈妈今天身体好吗？3.用来打招呼、问候或询问身体情况，如：Howareyou?你好。4.另外也可以询问天气，如：Howistheweathertoday?今天天气怎么样？二how后面跟不同的形容词或副词，同样可以引导含义不同的特殊疑问句，如howold,howlong,howoften等。1.【howold】（1）主要用来询问年龄。如：HowoldisMrWang?王先生多大年龄？（2）也可以用来询问建筑物的年头、历史等。如：Howoldisthisbridge?这座桥有多少年的历史了？2.【howlong】（1）多用来询问长度。如：HowlongistheYellowRiver?黄河有多长？（2）还能询问时间长短如：Howlongdoesittakeyoutogotoworkbybikeeveryday?你每天骑自行车上班花多长时间？3.【howoften】主要用来对动作发生的频率进行提问。如：Howoftendoyougotoseeyourgrandma?你多长时间去看你的奶奶？4.【howmany】主要对可数名词的数量进行提问。如：Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?你家里有几口人？5.【howmuch】提问不可数名词的量如：Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle?瓶子里有多少水？6.【howfar】提问路程的距离。如：Howfaristhenearestpostoffice?最近的邮局有多远？7.【howsoon】提问多久之后，用于将来时。-Howsoonwillyoubeback?你多久以后能回来？回答：用in+一段时间8.【howabout】用于提出建议或征求对方的意见，与whatabout一致，肯定回答可用OK/Allright/Goodidea等，否定回答可用Sorry并陈述理由。如：Howaboutthisbluebike?Itischeaper.这辆蓝色的自行车怎么样？它便宜些。9.【howheavy,howbig,howtall,howhigh,howlarge】等可依据形容词的意思译为“多.?”。如：Howheavyisthebigbox?这个大箱子多重？如：Howlargeisyournewhouse?你的新房子多大典型例题：1。._ do you exercise? Hardly ever. A. How many times B .How often C .When D. How 2.How often does the train run to Jinan ? _twenty minutes. A .Any B. Each C. Every D. Another 3.How often does the train run to Jinan ? _twenty minutes. A .Any B. Each C. Every D. Another 2 频率副词常见的频率副词有：always 总是；usually通常；often经常；sometimes有时；hardly ever几乎从不；never从不。频率副词放在实意动词的前面，be动词/助动词/情态动词的后面。典型例题：1,Tom studies _. He _plays with his friends. A. hard; hard B. hardly; hardly C. Hard; hardly D. hardly; hard 2,I dont think fast food is good for our health ,so I_ eat it .(2013年四川南充）A. usually B.hardly C.always3 How come 与why。How come 译为“怎么会？怎么回事？”表示对某件事情很奇怪。可以单独使用，也可以引导一个问句，相当于疑问词why。但是how come 开头的疑问句使用的仍是陈述语序。典型例题：_ you didnt tell me about it?A. Why B.How soon C.How often D. How come 四，与good相关短语Be good for ：对.有益，反义词组为be bad for Be good at ：擅长，后接名词，代词，或动名词Be good to sb：对某人友好，相当于be friendly to 和 be kind to Be good with sb 和某人相处的好，Be good with sth善于处理某事情。典型例题：1Miss Read is good _ musicShe can be good _ children in the music club. Aat, at Bwith, with Cat, with Dwith, at2Are you good _ math? A. with B. to C. for D. at3. Some of us are good at _(讲)English.五other,the other,another,others,the others其他的： Other:adj, +s 变为名词，其他的人或物 else:adj,只在特殊疑问词和复合不定代词以后另一个（常和one搭配）：another，三者以上 the other：两者之间 其余的（常和some搭配）：others，三者以上 the others：两部分之间其他任何的：any other +名词单数。 典型例题： 1.Guang Zhou is larger than _ city in Malaysia. A.any B.any other C.the other D.all the 2.What _ do we need to do for dinner? A.other B.else C.another D.other thing 3.-May I have _ slice of bread with butter,Im not full. -Sure.Here you are. A.other B.another C.the other D.the others6 Although Although 是连词，译为“虽然，尽管”用来引导让步状语从句。相当于though，不能与but同时出现在一个句子中。典型例题：(2013年青岛）I still remember my first teacher _ we havent see each other for many years.A. for B.because C.since D.although7 By 与through(表通过）by （1）表示方法，手段。即“用。， 通过。”相当于by means of 如： All work had to be done by hand 所有的工作都是手工进行的。 He makes a living by teaching 他以教书为生。 （2）表示传达、传递的方式或煤介。如： How did you send the letter, by airmail or by ordinary mail? 你是怎么发送的这信，是通过航天邮件还是普通邮件？ （3）表示用交通工具、通讯工具后接名词单数，不加冠词。如： He came by train, but his wife came by bus. 他是乘火车来的，可是他老婆是坐公共汽车来的。 注意下面两句的区别： Did you come by train? =Did you come in his car / on my bike? through （1）表示“以；通过；经由”。如： He succeeded through hard work. （2）空间上通过，透过，经过 Light comes in through the window。光线从窗户进来。 （3） 时间上通过， 自始至终，从头到尾经过 He often works th