高三英语高考二轮专项复习课件：定语从句的简化.ppt

定语从句的简化 定语从句的简化方法 引言定语从句是中学英语的难点语法项目 许多同学在学习和运用定语从句时 感到很难理解 若将其简化 理解起来就比较简单了 为了使句子变得简洁 往往可以把从句简化为短语 这也是句型转换常考的重点之一 定语从句简化的方法常见的有以下几种 定语从句转换成不定式短语 定语从句中的谓语动词是将来时或含有情态动词时 往往可把从句转化为不定式短语 从句中的情态动词可以省略 不定式的逻辑主语也可省略 但介词 关系代词引导的限制性定语从句转换成不定式短语时 关系代词可省略 介词不可省 例如 thisisthebestthingthatwecandoinmemoryofourbelovedteacher thisisthebestthingtodoinmemoryofourbelovedteacher thenexttrainwhichwillarriveisfrombeijing thenexttraintoarriveisfrombeijing heisagoodpersonwithwhomyoucanwork heisagoodpersontoworkwith haveyouanythingthatyouwanttosayatthemeeting haveyouanythingtosayatthemeeting thereissomethingelsethattheycando thet shirtwhichhissisterboughtforhimisverynice thereissomethingelseforthemtodo thet shirtboughtforhimisverynice doyouhaveanythingelsethatyouwanttobuyintheshop doyouhaveanythingelsetobuyintheshop 2 定语从句转换成分词短语 如果定语从句中的谓语动词是主动语态 用现在分词短语来替换从句 如果定语从句中的谓语动词是被动语态 则用过去分词短语来替换从句 如 themanwhoisstandingoverthereismyenglishteacher themanstandingoverthereismyenglishteacher yesterdaywehadameetingwhichlastedtwohours yesterdaywehadameetinglastingtwohours theboywhostandsagainstthedoorishisyoungerbrother theboystandingagainstthedoorishisyoungerbrother thedictionarywhichmymotherboughtformeisveryuseful thedictionaryboughtformebymymotherisveryuseful thebookswhichwerewrittenbyhimareverypopular thebookswrittenbyhimareverypopular thegirlwhoissittingunderthetreeismybestfriend thet shirtwhichhissisterboughtforhimisverynice thet shirtboughtforhimbyhissisterisverynice thegirlsittingunderthetreeismybestfriend 3 定语从句转换从形容词短语 如果定语从句中的表语是形容词短语 可把从句中的关系代词和动词be省去 使其转化成形容词短语 ihavebrokentheglasswhichwasfullofmilk ihavebrokentheglassfullofmilk shereceivedaboxwhichwasfullofgifts shereceivedaboxfullofgifts severalpeopleranoutoftheroomwhichwasfullofsmoke severalpeopleranoutoftheroomfullofsmoke 4 定语从句转换成名词短语 如果定语从句中的表语是名词短语 可以把从句中的关系代词和动词be省去 使其转化成名词短语 如 lilei whoisachildofonlyten hastodoalotofhomework lilei achildofonlyten hastodoalotofhomework 5 定语从句转换成介词短语 如果定语从句中的表语是介词短语 可以把从句中的关系代词和动词be省去 用介词短语作定语 如 inourschooltherearelotsofstudentswhoarefromthecountryside inourschooltherearelotsofstudentsfromthecountryside thebookswhichlieunderthebedaren tworthreading thebooksunderthebedaren tworthreading 6 定语从句转换成单个形容词或分词 如果定语从句中作表语的是单个的形容词 现在分词或过去分词 常可把这个形容词或分词放在所修饰的前面作定语 如 thechildwhoissleepingismylittlebrother thesleepingchildismylittlebrother themanwholookedtiredstoppedtohavearest thetiredmanstoppedtohavearest thepicturethatlookedbeautifulwastakenbymyfather thebeautifulpicturewastakenbymyfather 7 把定语从句变成不定式复合结构作定语 例如 isthereanythingelsethatwecando isthereanythingelseforustodo 8 可以把表明身份 职业等非限定性定语从句简化为同位语结构 例如 laozhang whowasourhospitaldriver diedyesterday laozhang ourhospitaldriver diedyesterday theoldman whoisafamousscientist scomingtogiveusareport theoldman afamousscientist iscomingtogiveusareport 请用定语从句的简化表达法化简 1 themanwhoissittingontheplatformisaprofessorfromwuhanuniversity 2 theletterthatwasmailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow 3 thequestionthatisbeingdiscussedisveryimportant 4 youarewelcometoapartythatwillbegiveninourclassat7 45 以上的定语从句部分可以用更加简单的非谓语形式表达出来 themansittingontheplatformisaprofessorfromwuhanuniversity 2 thelettermailedlastnightwillreachhimtomorrow 3 thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant 4 youarewelcometoapartytobegiveninourclassat7 45 moreexamplesbelow 1 doyouknowthemantalkingtomysister 2 the crazy gesture movingtheindexfingerinacircleinfrontoftheear means youhaveaphonecall inbrazil 3 didyouseethatcarbeingrepaired 4 inacamera thelensmustbefocusedontheobjecttobephotographed 5 thestudentstoattendthemeetingwillarriveheretomorrow 6 goodsimportedfromabroadarenotalwaysbetterthanthosemadeinchina 7 theyellowriver saidtobe themotherriver runsacrosschinalikeahugedragon 简化宾语从句常用六法在各类考试中 同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句 使其与原句意思相同 或相近 的试题 下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法 方法一 当主句谓语动词是hope decide wish choose agree promise等 且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时 宾语从句可简化为不定式结构 例如 liminghopeshewillbebackverysoon liminghopestobebackverysoon wedecidedthatwewouldhelphim wedecidedtohelphim 方法二 当主句谓语动词是know learn remember forget tell等动词 且主句主语与从句主语一致时 宾语从句可简化为 疑问词 不定式 结构 例如 shehasforgottenhowshecanopenthewindow shehasforgottenhowtoopenthewindow 注 当主句谓语动词是tell ask show teach等动词 且后带双宾语 从句主语和间接宾语一致时 宾语从句可简化为 疑问词 不定式 结构 例如 couldyoutellmehowicangettothestation couldyoutellmehowtogettothestation 方法三 当主句的谓语动词是order 命令 require 需要 等时 如果主句和从句的主语不一致 宾语从句可简化为 名词 代词 不定式 结构 theheadmasterorderedthatweshouldstartatonce theheadmasterorderedustostartatonce 方法四 某些动词后的宾语从句 可以用介词加动名词 短语 等其他形式简化 例如 heinsistedthatheshouldgowithus heinsistedongoingwithus thepoorboydoesn tknowwhenandwherehewasborn thepoorboydoesn tknowthetimeandtheplaceofhisbirth 方法五 某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为 宾语 v ing形式 作宾语补足语 结构 例如 liupingfoundthattherewasawalletlyingontheground liupingfoundawalletlyingontheground 方法六 动词seem后的宾语从句 也可以用不定式 短语 来简化 但句型需要进行适当的变化 例如 itseemedthattheboysweregoingtowin theboysseemedtowin itseemedthattheboyswerewinning theboysseemedtobewinning itseemedthattheboyshadwon theboyssee