短语动词与动词短语.docx

关于短语动词英语中哪些短语在定语从句中不能拆分 (1)一些常用的固定搭配，如take care of，make use of，catch up with等。(2)在(1)的基础上来分析和理解为什么某些短语不可拆分一个短语能否拆分关键在于拆分后是否还能保持其基本意义，如:look for（ 寻找） look after （照顾） look forward to （期望）这三个含有look的短语，如果把这些短语拆分，就只剩look看的意思，而失去了短语所要表达的含义，因此，这一类短语不能拆分。再如: live in（居住在） ，sit on（坐在上 ）等短语拆分后仍能保持其基本意义，这一类短语即可以拆分。总而言之,记一些常用的搭配是很有必要的，因为某些短语动词就是约定俗成的固定搭配，不熟悉是很难猜出其含义的，如:put in for（ 申请）等。短语动词是以实义动词加上介词或副词等构成的多词动词。它们所表示的意义通常不是动词和介词副词各自词义的简单相加。在使用时，我们要将短语动词作为一个整体看待。 短语动词可分为及物和不及物两种类型。 对短语动词的考查主要是考查其意义，所以识记和领会短语动词的意义是学习短语动词的关键。 短语动词主要分为以下几种：一、“动词+介词”构成的短语动词这类短语动词相当于及物动词，后面须跟宾语。常见的这类短语动词有：account for(解释) add to(增添) ask for(请求) break into(闯入) call on(拜访) come from(出生于；来自) consist of(由组成) deal with(对付，应付) depend on( 依 靠) fill in(填写) get over(克服) go over (检查，复习) hear from(收到的来信) hear ofabout(听说) laugh at(嘲笑) lead to(导致) listen to(听) look after(照料) look for(寻找) look into(调查) look on(认为) look through(仔细看) send for(派人去请) wait on(侍候)请看几个例句:He could not account for his absence from schoolI called on her this morningEveryone laughed at the womans mistakeShe is looking after her sick mother二、“动词+副词”构成的短语动词。这类短语动词分为两类：及物动词+副词和不及物动词+副词。1. 及物动词+副词，它相当于一个及物动词。副词的位置由所接的宾语决定。如果宾语是名词，副词既可以在宾语之前，也可在宾语之后；如果宾语是代词，代词只能放在动词与副词之间。 常见的这类短语动词有：bring up(抚养) call off(取消) carryout(执行) find out(查明) give away(暴露) give off(发出) give up(放弃) hand in(上交) hand out(分发) hand over(移交) look up(查找) make out(认出) pick up(拣起) point out(指出) put away(把收起来) put off(推迟) put on(穿上；上演) ring up(给打电话) see off(给送行) send out(发出) set up(建立) take off(脱掉) take over(接过) think over(考虑) turn down(拒绝) turn off(关掉) turn on(接通) wipe out(消灭) work out(做出)请看几个例句:You must hand in your exercises this afternoonShe gave up many of her holidays to help US in our work.I11 give you five minutes to work out this problem.2. 不及物动词+副词，它相当于一个不及物动词，后面不能跟宾语。常见的这类短语动词有：break down(出故障；坏掉) break out(爆发) break in(打断) come back(回来；想起来) come on(快来；进展) come out(出版；出来) come to(苏醒) die away(渐渐消失) die out(灭绝) drop out(退出) get away(逃走) get down(下来；下车) get in(进入) get through(通过；打通电话) get together(相聚) get up(起床) give in(让步) go by(过去；经过) go on(继续) go out(熄灭) go up(提高) hold on(别挂电话) look out(小心) ring off(挂断电话) set offout(出发) stand up(起立) stay up(熬夜)turn up(出席) work out(想出；制订出；结果良好)请看几个例句:The war broke out in 1937.These animals have already died outAfter just a few minutes she suddenly came to三、“动词+副词+介词”构成的短语动词。这类短语动词相当于一个及物动词，后面须跟宾语。常见的这类短语动词有：break away from(脱离) catch up with(赶上) come down with(患病) come up to(达到) do away with(抛弃) get along with(与相处) get out of(摆脱) get through with(完成) go on with(继续) look down upon(瞧不起) look forward to(盼望) look up to(尊敬) make up of(由组成) make up for(补偿) put up with(忍受)请看几个例句:I couldnt put up with the noise any longerThe children are looking forward to the holiday.How are they getting along with their work?Go on and Ill catch up with you in five minutes四、“动词+名词+介词”构成的短语动词。这类短语动词中，动词后作宾语的名词是固定的，而介词后的名词却可以根据具体情况选用。常见的这类短语动词有：catch sight of(看见；发现) find fault with(挑剔) get hold of(得到) lose sight of(看不见) make a fool of(愚弄) make fun of(取笑) make use of(利用) pay attention to(注意) play a part in(在中起) take care of(照顾 take notice of(注意) take part in(参加) take pride in(以自豪)请看几个例句:Ill take care of your children when you are away.You should pay attention to your pronunciation.She thought they were making fun of her.五、“动词（+宾语）+介词+名词”构成的短语动词。这类短语动词和上面所讲的“动词+名词+介词”结构不同。这类短语动词中“介词+名词”是固定搭配，其中的名词不可随意更换。常见的这类短语动词有：bear sth. in mind (记住某事) come to a conclusiondecision(得出结论做出决定)come to light(显露出来) come into existencebeing(开始存在；形成) come into effectuse(生效；开始使用) come into viewsight(出现；映入眼帘) come into officepower(就职；上台执政) keep in touch(保持联系) put sthinto practice(将某事付诸实施) take sthinto account j consideration(考虑某事)请看几个例句:No one knows when such a custom first came into existence(没有人知道这种风俗是什么时候开始的。)When did their new president come into office?(他们的新总统什么时候就职的?)We should always bear in mind these lessons六、“be+形容词+介词”构成的短语动词。这样的短语动词有：be afraid of(害怕) be fond of(爱好) be familiar with