省略句的主要用法.doc

省略句的主要用法1， 简单句中的省略1） 可以省略各种句子成分（主语，谓语，宾语，表语， 宾补，定语， 状语）(I) hope to receive your reply soon.(Have you) been here before？Dont leave till I tell you to (leave).We spent most of our time on English, and the rest ( of our time) learning other subjects.He worked at the farm at the same time as his father did (on the farm).What a lovely autumn (it is )！2) 应答语中常根据问句内容省略某些词语。-Peter, your hands are very dirty! Have you been working in the garden?-No, I havent (been working in the garden).-Which language are you studying?-( I am studying) English.3) 结构省略，常出现在介词短语或某些语法结构中。spend time (in) doing sthbe busy (in) doing sthstop/prevent(from) doing sthwaste time (in) doing sthhave difficulty/trouble (in) doing sthIve lived in this small twon (for ) 10 years.We find ournew neighbour (to be )honest.Today I met her at the barbers (shop).2. 并列句中的省略： 后面分句中与前面分句中相同的部分，常可省略;名词词组中的省略， 两个处于并列地位的名词词组，如果中心词相同， 其中一个名词词组的中心词通常可以省略； 有时只剩下名词所有格John won the first race and Jimmy (won) the second.She tried to persuage her father to give up smoking, but (she tried) in vain.She wore the red dress, but the blue (dress) suits her better.Toms work at school is above, Harrys (work at school) is below, and Jims (work at school) is about up to the average. 3. 复合句中的省略1）宾语从句中的省略。 在并列句中，在并列连词后的分句含有以that引导的宾语从句，常省略与前面并列分句相同的部分，如含有以疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句，可省略全部谓语，只保留一个连词；在that 引导的宾语从句中， that 可省略； 在两个或两个以上的并列宾语从句中， 第一个连词that 可省略，其余的则不可省；It might rain, but I dont think it will(rain).John has prepared his lesson, but I know that Peter hasnt (prepared his lesson).She cant attend your wedding, but I dont know why (she cant attend your wedding)Someone has used my bike, but I dont know who (has used it).I think (that ) woman can reach very high achievements in many fields of science. The girls told him (that) they were on a trip across Canada and that they had only one day in Montreal. 2） 定语从句中的省略。可以省略做宾语的关系代词； 在限制性定语从句中， 在某些表示时间，地点的词后， 关系副词在口语中有时可以省略;关系代词as 后面的主谓成分或助动词也可省略。The first thing (that ) Im going to do is to take a long vacation!I shall never forget the day (when) I joined the army.We need a place (where) we can stay for a few days.The reason (why/for which/that) I bought the roses is that Mary likes them.She had only one arm, as shown in the picture on this page.3)当从句或从句中的一部分被省略是， 用so 或not 代替所省略的内容， 不用it 或that 代替。-Do you think our team will win the basketball match?-Yes, I think so.- The boys are doing a good job at all, are they?- I guess not.How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so? I am afraid so?I supposed not. I believe not. Im afraid not. I hope not. I guess not. 4) 状语从句中的省略，在表示时间，条件，地点，比较，方式，让步的状语从句中， 如谓语动词是be, 且从句的主语是it 或主从句的主语一致，常省略状语从句中的主语和部分谓语，But once (they were) picked up, they tried to bite me.Many of the ancient temple were replaced with new ones where (it is ) necessary.The chairman of the meeting hurried away as if ( he was) angry.As (he was) a boy he was educated in many schools and was given the nickname, “The students who asks questions”.If you communicate with these teenages, you will find that they have much greater knowledgethan (they are ) commonly supposed. If,” he added at the meeing, “given enough time, we would certainly have done it better.在状语从句中，有些主从句中重复的词可以省略； 尤其在比较状语从句(形容词，副词的比较级+ than)的句型中，当than前后所使用的动词相同时， 通常用助动词代替后面的动词，该动词或助动词可以省略。If you can beat him at chess, I can (beat him at chess).She was happy, because her husbang was (happy).Liz spoke Chinese better that (she speaks it ) now.Liz speaks English better than I (speak) Chinese.He is taller than me. 5) 虚拟条件句中有were, had, should 时，可把if 省略，而把were, had, should 放在主语之前，用倒装结构。Another thing is, should you come to Brunei, you would have to take off your shoes before going into someones house. Had you come earlier, you would have been offered a better seatl 4. 其他省略的情况1)在非正式文体中， 为了避免重复，可以省略不定式符号之后的动词及动词不定式短语中的宾语或状语； 如果不定式符号之后的动词原形是be 和have, 在省略句中通常要保留be或have, 但之后的成分仍可省略。-Would you like to come to my party?- Id love to.George says he is going to leave Shanghai, but I dont think he really wants to.We should like Jane to get a