专业外语总 生物英语试题A参考答案.doc

02-03上生物英语试题A参考答案1. Fill the blanks with corresponding terms. ( 15 分 ) A. _Biology_ is the branch of science that studies living things. B. _Mitochondria_ are tiny spherelike or elongated organells, where the aerobic respiration takes place and energy is provided for the cell. . C. The _cell_ is the basic structural and functional unit of the living things. D. _Botany_ is the study of plants. E. The five kinds of basic nutrient for human are _Carbohydrate_ , _Protein_ , _Lipids_, minerals and _Vitamins_ . F. Phototaxis is movement guided by _Light_. G. The four main elements in all living tissue are C (carbon) , _H_, _O_ and _N_. H. The _Cytoplasm_ includes everything between the plasma membrane and the nucleus.I. _Ecology_ is the study of relations of organisms to their environment.J. A living organism is the product of interactions between its genetic information and its _environment _.+.2. True and False identification. ( 10 分 ) A. Mitosis is a mechanism by which a single nucleus gives rise to two nuclei identical to each other and to the parent nucleus. - ( + ) B.Most animals respond rapidly to environmental changes by making some sort of movement while plant do not respond.- ( ) C. Macronutrients for higher plants include Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon, Boron, Zinc and other elements.-( ) D. New cells arise only from the division of other cells.-( ) E. Butterfly has incomplete metamorphosis, and its life cycle is egg - larva - pupa - adult - eeg . -( ) F. Most organism depend, directly or indirectly, on the energy from the sun.-( ) G. The food we consume is broken down to be absorbed and put to provide us energy, construction material and regulation agents. -( ) H. Most conifers belong to flowering plant, the Angiosperm. -( ) I. The human body needs vitamin in great amounts for many purposes. -( )J. The retreat of a cockroach from light is a negative phototaxis. -( ) K.3. Translation from English into Chinese. ( 60 scores, 1 score each )Fertilizer-肥料（传粉者）Enzyme- 酶Differentiation-分化 Lichens -地衣Propagation-繁殖 Phenotype-表现型 Mutation-变异Sewage treatment- 污水处理Reproduction-繁殖 Alkaloids-生物碱Stress-胁迫 mycology-真菌学 Protein-蛋白质symbiosis-共生 taxonomy-分类学 Morphology形态学Orchard-果园Orchid-兰花BA (Biological Abstract) 生物学文摘CA (Chemical Abstract) 化学文摘Amino acids 氨基酸Cytokinins-细胞分裂素Brewing -发酵 Anatomy-解剖学 Microscopy-显微镜Pathogen-病原（菌）entomology-昆虫学 Breeding-育种（繁育）Agronomy -农学 Silviculture-造林 Ethnobotany-民族植物学 biophysics -生物物理 pigments-色素Meiosis-减数分裂Mitosis-有丝分裂 Agroforestry混农林Carbohydrate-碳水化合物Cereals-谷物SCI (Science Citation Index) 科学引文索引RS (Remote Sensing)遥感Autecology 个体生态evolution -进化Phyto-geography 植物地理 Chromosome-染色体bio-diversity -生物多样性 parasite-寄生虫Conservation-保护Vertebrate-脊椎动物Invertebrate无脊椎动物 Biotechnology 生物技术Angiosperm- 被子植物 Gymnosperm-裸子植物horticulture 园艺（学） phytopathology -植物病理学 plastid-质体immunology -免疫学 digestive system - 消化系统 Mitochondria 线粒体GIS (Geography Information System) 地理信息系统GPS (Globe Positioning system) 全球定位系统4. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese: ( 15 分 ) A. Living things evolve and are adapted to their environment. Todays organisms have arisen by evolution, the descent and modification of organisms from more ancient forms of life. Evolution proceeds in such a way that living things and their components are well suited to their ways of life. Fish, Earthworms, and frogs are all so constructed that we can predict roughly how they live merely by examining them. The adaptation of organism to their environments is one result of evolution. （5分） 生物进化并对环境适应。现今的生物都是源于进化，由古老原始的生物种类通过变态和衍生而来。进化经历的过程就是生物及其组成部分更好地适应其生活方式。鱼类、蚯蚓、青蛙特有的身体结构特点，是我们能够观察这些特点就可初步预测它们是怎样生活的。 生物对环境的适应是进化的结果。B. Mitosis consists of prophase, prometaphase（前中期）, metaphse, anaphase, and telophase; Interphase is the phase between mitosis. Mitosis is beautifully precise, ensuring that each new nucleus that is formed has the full set of DNA molecules needed to carry on all its functions. The result of mitosis is the formation of two nuclei identical to each other and to the parent nucleus in chromosomal makeupand hence in genetic constitution. （5分） 有丝分裂由前期、前中期、中期、后期和末期构成。有丝分裂是相当精细的过程，其保证每个新形成的核具备整套DNA分子以携带其所有功能。有丝分裂就是两个彼此相同并与母体细胞核具有相同染色体组成的核的形成、因此具有相同的遗传组成。C. We should comment upon the fluid in which the chromosome and nucleoli float about. This fluid is a suspension (a liquid containing solid particles dispersednot dissolved in it) of various particles, fiers, protein, and other compounds. For convenience, we refer to the nuclear fluid as nucleoplasm. （5分） 我们将讨论染色体及核仁所漂浮其中的核液，其实际是具有各种颗粒、纤维、蛋白质和其它组成物质的悬浮液（一种含有散布固体颗粒的液体，而不是溶解其中），所以我们称核液为核原生质。02-03上学期生物英语试题B参考答案1. Fill missing words to make the sentence completeness. ( 15 分 )A. The three of basic structures of plant cell are cell wall, _membrane _ , _ cytoplasm _, and _nucleus_ .B. Sunlight, _CO2_ and _water(H2O)_ are needed in photosynthesis.C. The four main elements in all living tissue are C (carbon) , _H_, _O_ and _N_.D. The _cytoplasm_ includes everything between the plasma membrane and the nucleus.E. Biology is the branch of _science_ that studies living things.F. Mitochodria are tiny spherelike or elongated organells, where the aerobic _respiration_ takes place and energy is provided for the cell. G. The cell is the basic structural and functional _unit_ of the living things.H. _ Zoology _ is the study of animals.I. _Physiology (anatomy)_ is the study of structures and their functions in plants.J. Chromosomes are the carriers of genetic _information_.2. True and False identification. ( 10 分 ) A. Meiosis a mechanism by which a single nucleus gives rise to two nuclei identical to each other and to the parentnucleus. - ( ) B.Most animals respond rapidly to environmental changes by making some sort of movement, so do plants, although slower.- ( ) C. Micronutrients for higher plants include Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon, Boron, Zinc and other elements.-( ) D. New cells arise only from the division of other cells.-( ) E. Butterfly has incomplete metamorphosis, and its life cycle is egg - larva - pupa - adult - eeg . -( ) F. Most organism depend, directly or indirectly, on the energy from the sun.-( ) G. The food we consume is broken down to be absorbed and put to provide us energy, construction material and regulation agents. -( ) H. Most conifers belong to flowering plant, the Angiosperm. -() I. The human body needs vitamin in great amounts for many purposes. -( ) J. The crawling of a caterpillar to light is a negative phototaxis. -( ) 3. Translation from English into Chinese. ( 60scores, 1 score each ) Vertebrate-脊椎动物Invertebrate无脊椎动物 Biotechnology 生物技术Propagation-繁殖 Phenotype-表现型 Mutation-变异Sewage treatment- 污水处理Reproduction-繁殖 Alkaloids-生物碱Stress-胁迫 mycology-真菌学 Protein-蛋白质symbiosis-共生 taxonomy-分类学 Morphology形态学Orchard-果园entomology-昆虫学 Orchid-兰花SCI (Science Citation Index) 科学引文索引RS (Remote Sensing)遥感Conservation-保护Fertilizer-肥料（传粉者）Enzyme- 酶Differentiation-分化 Lichens -地衣Microscopy-显微镜Silviculture-造林 Ethnobotany-民族植物学 biophysics -生物物理 pigments-色素Meiosis-减数分裂Mitosis-有丝分裂 Agroforestry混农林Carbohydrate-碳水化合物Cereals-谷物Pathogen-病原（菌）Breeding-育种（繁育）Agronomy -农学 BA (Biological Abstract) 生物学文摘CA (Chemical Abstract) 化学文摘Amino acids 氨基酸Cytokinins-细胞分裂素Brewing -发酵 Anatomy-解剖学 parasite-寄生虫Autecology 个体生态evolution -进化Phyto-geography 植物地理 Chromosome-染色体bio-diversity -生物多样性 Angiosperm- 被子植物 Gymnosperm-裸子植物horticulture 园艺（学） phytopathology -植物病理学 plastid-质体immunology -免疫学 digestive system - 消化系统 Mitochondria 线粒体GIS (Geography Information System) 地理信息系统GPS (Globe Positioning system) 全球定位系统 6. Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese: ( 15 分 ) The importance of an adequate supply of minerals for good plant growth has been appreciated in agriculture and horticulture for many years, but has been largely neglected in forestry until recently. Even now much of the research is on seedling growth in nurseries, but increasing costs of land and higher prices for timber are changing this situation. As tree improvement programs supply planting stock with a higher growth potential, it often becomes necessary t