常用语法术语表.doc

常用语法术语表1.Morphology 词法Syntax 句法Notional Worlds 实意词Form Worlds 虚词Parts of Speech 词类The Noun 名词The Pronoun 代词The Numeral 数词The adjective 形容词The Verb 动词The Adverb 副词The Article 冠词The Preposition 介词The Conjunction 连词The Interjection 感叹词Determiner 限定词The Particle 小品词World Building 构词法Conversion 转化Derivation （Affixation）派生（词缀法）Compounding（composition）合成Prefix（es）前缀Suffix（es）后缀Compound Worlds 合成词2.Classification of Nouns 名词的分类Common Nouns 普通名词Proper Nouns 专有名词Individual Nouns 个体名词Collective Nouns 集体名词Material Nouns 物质名词Abstract Nouns 抽象名词Countable Nouns 可数名词Uncountable Nouns 不可数名词The Singular Form 单数形式The Plural Form 复数形式The Common Case 普通格The Possessive Case 所有格Gender 性The Definite Article 定冠词The Indefinite Article不定冠词3.Personal Pronouns人称代词Possessive Pronouns 物主代词Self Pronouns自身代词Demonstrative Pronouns 指示代词Interrogative Pronouns 疑问代词Conjunctive Pronouns 连接代词Relative Pronouns 关系代词Reciprocal Pronouns 相互代词Indefinite Pronouns 不定代词The Absolute Form of Possessive Pronouns 物主代词的绝对形式The Subjective Case主格The Objective Case宾格Cardinal Numerals基数词Ordinal Numerals序数词Fractional Numerals分数词Degrees of Comparison比较的级别The Comparative Degree 比较级The Superlative Degree最高级4.Notional Verbs实意动词Link-verbs 系动词Auxiliary Verbs助动词Modal Verbs情态动词Transitive Verbs 及物动词Intransitive Verbs不及物动词Regular Verbs规则动词Irregular Verbs不规则动词Phrasal Verbs成语动词Delexical Verbs虚义动词Ditransitive Verbs双宾动词Defective verbs无变化动词Stative Verbs静态动词Instantaneous verbs短暂动词Ergative verbs兼作及物及不及物动词的动词The Finite Form of the Verb动词的限定形式Person 人称Number数Tense时态Voice语态Mood语气The Non-finite Forms of the Verb动词的非限定形式The Principal Forms of the Verb动词的主要形式The Present Forms现在式The Past Forms过去式The Participle 分词The Present Participle现在分词The Past Participle过去分词The Infinitive 不定式Bare Infinitive 光秃不定式The Gerund 动名词The Verbal Noun名词化的动名词Contractions动词的紧缩形式5.The Present Indefinite一般现在时The Past Indefinite一般过去时The Future Indefinite一般将来时The Past Future Indefinite一般过去将来时The Present Continuous现在进行时The Past Continuous过去进行时The Future Continuous将来进行时The Past Future Continuous过去将来进行时The Present perfect现在完成时The Past perfect过去完成时The Future perfect将来完成时The Past Future Perfect过去将来完成时The Present Perfect Continuous现在完成进行时The Past Perfect Continuous过去完成进行时The Future perfect Continuous将来完成进行时The Past Future Perfect Continuous过去将来完成进行时The Sequence of Tenses 时态的呼应6.The Passive Voice被动语态The Active Voice主动语态The Indicative Mood陈述语气The Imperative Mood其实语气The Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气Sentences of Real Condition真是条件句Sentences of Unreal Condition虚拟条件句Conditional Sentences of Mixed Time错综时间条件句Sentences of Implied Condition含蓄条件7.Adverbs of Time时间副词Adverbs of Place地点副词Adverbs of Manner方式副词Adverbs of Degree程度副词Adverbs of Frequency频度副词Relative Adverbs 关系副词Conjunctive Adverbs连接副词Interrogative Adverbs疑问副词Coordinating Conjunction并列连词Subordinating Conjunctions从属连词8.The Sentence句子Members of the Sentence句子的成分The Subject主语Preparatory Subject现行主语The Predicate 谓语The Predicative表语The Object宾语Retained Object保留宾语The Attribute定语The Adverbial （Modifier）状语The Appositive 同位语Independent Elements独立成分Declarative Sentences 陈述句Imperative Sentences祈使句Exclamatory Sentences感叹句Interrogative Sentences疑问句General Questions一般疑问句 Special Questions特殊问句Alternative Questions选择问句Disjunctive Questions反义问句Simple Sentences简单句Compound Sentences 并列句Complex Sentences复合句Compound Complex Sentences并列复合句One-member Sentences单部句Two-member Sentences双部句Elliptical Sentences省略句Cleft Sentence分裂句9. The Simple Predicate简单谓语The Compound Predicate复合谓语The Compound Verbal Predicate表行为的复合谓语The Compound Nominal Predicate表性状的复合谓语The Direct Object直接宾语The Indirect Object间接宾语The Complex Object复合宾语The Cognate Object同源宾语Direct Address呼语Parenthesis插入语Direct Speech直接引语Indirect Speech间接引语Absolute Constructions独立结构10.Phrases短语Participial Phrases分词短语Prepositional Phrases介词短语Infinitive Phrases不定式短语Verb Phrases动词短语Phrasal Verbs成语动词Clauses从句（分句）Main Clauses主句Subordinate Clauses从句Subject Clauses主语从句Object Clauses宾语从句Predicative Clauses表语从句Attributive Clauses定语从句Appositive Clauses同位语从句Adverbial Clauses状语从句Adverbial Clauses of Time时间状语从句Adverbial Clauses of Place地点状语从句Adverbial Clauses of Cause原因状语从句Adverbial Clauses of Condition条件状语从句Adverbial Clauses of Degree（Result）程度（结果）状语从句Adverbial Clauses of Concession让步状语从句Adverbial Clauses of Purpose 目的状语从句Adverbial Clauses of Comparison比较状语从句Adverbial Clauses of Manner方式状语从句Defining Attributive Clauses限定性定语从句Non-defining Attributive Clauses非限定性定语从句Limiting Attributes限制性定语Descriptive Attributes描绘性定语11.Natural Word-order自然语序Inverted Word-order倒装语序Inversion倒装Full Inversion完全倒装Partial Inversi