英语四级翻译.doc

翻译八大高频率语法考点：翻译部分共5个句子，一句一题。句子长度为1530词。句子中的一部分已经用英文给出，要求根据句子意思将汉语部分翻译成英语。翻译时必须符合英语的语法结构和表达习惯，要求用词准确。一 比较结构1. 常考的考点包括原级和比较级结构，例如，asas (与。一样)， more than（比。更）注意：more than 表示“不只是”；no more than 表示“仅仅”; no more than=notany more than表示“与。一样不。”Example: Mary is more clever than Peter.(玛丽和彼得一样不聪明)2. the more the more“ 越。越。”3. 倍数的表达法1) A is倍数+the size/length/width of BA 是B的几倍大小/长/宽2）A is倍数+as +形容词或副词 +as B（A 是B的几倍）3）A is倍数+more than B（A 比B多几倍）【例1】On average, it is said, visitors spend only _ (一半的钱) in a day in Leeds as in London.【解析】后半句有as一词，构成as as 结构表达倍数。答案为：half a s much money.4. 表示“与。相比”的短语短语常有compared with; in comparison with. 注意不要混淆compare with和compare to（把。比做）【例2】_ (与我成长的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting.【解析】待译内容是比较状语。“与。相比”可以翻译为compared with, 也可翻译为in comparison with.“我成长的地方”需要用定语从句。答案为：Compared with (the place) where I was brought up.二定语从句(attributive clause)1) 关系代词引出的定语从句which指物，在从句中做主语或宾语；who指人，在从句中做主语或宾语; whom指人，在从句中做宾语; whose指人或物，在从句中做定语; that指人或物, 常替代which, who, whom在从句中做主语或宾语.2）关系副词引出的定语从句when（时间），where（地点），why （原因），在句中做状语。3）介词+ which(whom)引出的定语从句Example: The girl to whom you spoke is my sister. 跟你说话的那个女孩是我妹妹。4）限制性的定语从句和非限制性的定语从句5）as 引出的定语从句常在suchas/ sameas 的结构中做关系代词。Example: Such people as you describe are rare nowadays. 你描述的这种人现在已经寥寥无几了。As 可以引导非限制性定语从句，相当于which. Example: I am from Beijing, as/ which you know. 但是as可以放在句首，而which不能。Example: As you know, I am from Beijing.6) that与which的区别：which可以引导一个非限制性的定语从句，that不能。Which之前可以有介词，that不能。以下是只能用that，而不能用Which的情形。*当先行词是all, anything, everything, few, little, much, nothing, something等不定代词时。*当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。*当先行词被the very, the only等词语修饰时。【例3】The prevention and treatment of AIDS is _ (我们可以合作的领域)【解析】the field/area(in which/ where) we can cooperate.三状语从句(adverbial clause)在复合句中起状语作用的从句叫做。可以分为：时间，地点，条件，方式，原因，目的，结果。1时间状语由以下连词引导：when; whenever(任何时候)；as（当。时，随着。）；while; before/ after; since(自从)；as soon as(一。就) ；until（直到），once（一旦）还可以由一些名词（the moment, the instant, every time）和副词（instantly, directly）连接. Example: Every time I catch a cold, my nose runs. 我一感冒就流鼻涕。 2.地点状语由以下连词引导：where, wherever(无论什么地方) Example: Sit wherever you like.你想坐哪就坐哪。3.原因状语从句由以下连词引导： Because, as, since（因为，由于）, now that（既然）, not that but that (不是因为。而是因为) Example: He felt a bit worried, not that this students were not working hard, but that they cared little for their health.(他有些着急，不是因为他的学生不努力学习，而是因为他们不太注意身体健康)4.目的状语从句由以下连词引导：So that（为了）, in order that(为了)， lest（以免）5. 结果状语从句由以下连词引导：That, so that (结果)，sothat (如此。以致)，such that（这样的。以致）二者区别：1）.目的状语从句常用情态动词，结果状语从句不用。2）目的状语从句主从之间一般不用逗号隔开，结果状语从句有逗号。3）目的状语从句表示一种可能性或意愿，结果状语从句表示一种事实。6.条件状语从句由以下连词引导：If, unless, suppose, provided(that)（假设）, on condition that(如果)，as(so) long as（只要）, in case（如果）7.比较状语从句由以下连词引导：Asas, not soas (不像。一样), than, the(more/ less)the (more/ less)8.方式状语从句由以下连词引导：As if(though)（似乎，好像），as9.让步状语从句由以下连词引导：Though/ although, as（虽然，尽管）, even if(though)(即使), however（尽管），whatever（不管）No matter(how/ what/ when/ where)(不管怎样、什么，何时，哪里)Example: Try as I might, I couldnt lift the stone. (尽管我可以试一试，但我不可能举起那块石头)（从句语序倒装）四名词性从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句。引导这些从句的是关联词（connective）,主要有三类：主从连接词：that（无意义），whether/if （是否） 连接代词： who, whom（谁）, whose（谁的）, what（什么）, which(哪一个)连接副词：when, where, why, how主语从句(subjective clause)一般由what, who, which, why, how, when, which, whetheror等引导，这些名词性从句作主语时，我们称之为主语从句。Why he would reject such a good offer remained unknown all these years.Whether we can succeed or not depends upon our efforts.What you have done for us will be in our memory for ever.当句子的实际主语太长时，英语习惯用先行代词it作形式主语，然后再引出真正的主语It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy.其他常用先行代词it作形式主语的句型还有:It is self-evident that 很明显的是It goes without saying that 不用说It is asserted that 有人主张It is believed that 据信It is generally considered that 人们普遍认为It is hoped that人们希望It is reported that 据报道It is said that 据说It is supposed that 据推测It is well-known that众所周知It must be admitted that必须承认It cannot be denied that 不可否认It must be pointed out that需指出的是It was told that 据传It will be said that有人会说 It follows that 由此可见It is inappropriate that 是不合适的宾语从句(objective clause)是置于谓语动词之后的名词性从句写作中常用的跟宾语从句的谓语动词以主语是We举例如下：We assume that 我们设想、假设We suggest that我们认为、建议We hold/maintain/ that我们认为We stress that我们强调We admit that我们承认We deny that 我们否认We hope that 我们希望We discover that 我们发现We recommend that我们推荐、建议We mention that我们提到表语从句(predictive clause)是主语系动词(linking verb)从句所构成的语句，其中系动词包括三类：n be的其各种形式；n 表示变化的词如go, become, turn；n 表示感觉的词，常有“起来”的含义如feel, smell, taste, look, sound等同位语从句(appositive clause)，在抽象名词之后，如Belief, doubt, evidence, ideal, fact, hope, thought等，可以用that或连接代（副）引出的从句作同位语，叫做。Example: There is no doubt that 五虚拟语气（subjunctive mood）是谓语动词的一种形式，用来表示非真实的假设，或者用来表示命令，建议或说话人的主观愿望。一非真实条件中的虚拟语气违背现在：条件从句用过去式（be动词一律用were）; 主句用would/should+动词原形违背过去：条件从句用had+过去分词主句用would/should have+过去分词违背将来：条件从句用should+动词原形/ were +to.主句用would/should+动词原形二从句中的虚拟语气表示命令，建议，要求等含义的主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句中，（should）+动词原形。Wish/ would rather (宁愿) 后面的虚拟语气：Example: I wish I were as young as you. （对现在情况的假设）Example: I wish he hadnt gone.我希望他没走。(过去完成时表示对过去情况的假设)Example: I wish I could live on the moon in the future.（would/should/could+动词原形表示对将来的愿望）常考：1）虚拟语气用于状语从句：在least, in case引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词用（should） +动词原形.在as if/ though引导的方式状语从句中，谓语动词的变化要根据对过去，现在，将来的假设选择适当的动词虚拟式。【例子】Youd better take a sweater with you _(以防天气变冷)【解析】此处要用目的状语，in case/ lest it (should) turn cold; in case it gets / turns cold2）虚拟语气用于宾语从句：Wish/ would rather/ if only(但愿。就好了)3）虚拟语气用于It is high time（该是干。的时候了）结构Example: I think it is high time we took strong actions against him.(我认为我们该对他采取强硬措施了)六倒装句式(inverted word-order)倒装句式是指主语和谓语或表语动词的位置颠倒，又分为部分倒装和全部倒装。部分倒装是指谓语中的一部分，如助动词do, does, did, can, may, should, ought to, must, have, 系动词be等放在主语前面，其余部分包括谓语动词仍在主语后面。部分倒装的情况：l 虚拟语气的条件句，省略if，同时将had, were, should提到主语之前Were it not for your help, we couldnt have arrived there.l so/such.that用于句首时，后面要倒装So little did he know about the subject that he had to stay up preparing for the exam.l as, though, no matter how（what）,however引导让步状语时，从句需倒装Young as he is, he has accomplished a lot.However cold it is, he will go swimming in the lake.l 用于so, neither, nor后面He didnt go to the concert, neither did his family.l 表示否定意义的词如no, hardly, never, scarcely, seldom, barely, rarely, no longer, not until, no sooner.than，hardly.when, not only.but also, not, little, at no time, by no means（决不）, on no account（决不）, in no case, in no way, under/in no circumstances等放在句首时后面主谓要倒装。Under no circumstance and at no time shall we be the first to use nuclear weapons. On no account are visitors allowed to feed the animals in the zoo. Hardly had I arrived when a quarrel broke out.l Only + adverb（副词）, prepositional phrase（介词短语