虚拟语气讲解和练习.doc

虚拟语气虚拟语气从结构上可分为两大类: 时态后退型与should型.一. 时态后退型:1. 基本结构：观察例句，总结if从句和主句中谓语动词的形式1） If I had time, I would attend the meeting.2） I would have been killed if Id stayed in the truck.3） If I were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put offIf条件句主 句与现在事实相反与过去事实相反 与将来事实相反 不可能的假设 _可能的假设 _上表中需注意几点： a. Be动词一律用were，不管人称的变化； b. 主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would / could可以用于各种人称； c. 在表示与将来事实相反的条件句中，只能用should； d. 表示错综时间的虚拟语气，指主句的动作和条件丛句的动作不是发生在同一时间（如一个是过去发生的，一个是现在发生的）。这时，动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整。 e.g. If I were you, I would have taken his advice. If he had listened to me, he would not be in such trouble now。2常用虚拟语气的句型a. as if / though 过去时He treated me as if I were a stranger.过去完成时 She talked about the film as if she had really seen it.b. Its (high) time that+过去时 / should + do （should不可省）. 过去时 I wish I knew the answer to the question.c. wish 过去完成时 I wish (wished) I hadnt spent so much money. could / might / would + do I wish it would stop raining.d. would rather + 从句 (过去时/过去完成时)e. If only（用法=wish） 过去时 / 过去完成时/ could / might / would + do巩固练习：1.（2003上海春季, 40）Look at the trouble I am in! If only I _your advice.A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow2. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun _ round the earth.A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D. be circling3. Id rather you _ at home now. A. stay B. stayed C. should stay D. had stayed4. I wish you _ to put these things away. A. Will help B. help C. are helping D. would help5. Jill would rather we _ now, but we must go to work. A. not leave B. had not left C. didnt leave D. not to be left参考答案：1-5 CABDC 二.should型: PAR DISCO + 宾从 (should) + do1. P A R D I S C Opropose ask request demand insist suggest command orderprefer advise require desire instruct recommende.g.: I demand that he (should) answer me immediately. 当suggest作“暗示、表明”讲，insist作“坚持说”讲，既坚持事实是怎样时，后边that从句不用虚拟语气。2. 由以上动词派生出的表建议,命令,要求,观点等意义的名词后的表语从句, 同位语从句也用虚拟式 (should) + do P A R D I S C Oproposal advice request demand idea suggestion orderplan requirement opinion recommendation natural necessary strange surprising3. It is important + that + S + (should) + do impossible funny proper right / wrong a pity / a regret/ a shame/ no wondere.g.: It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rules.巩固练习：1.（2005 江苏, 33）.- Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York?- I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to.A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what2. It is vital that we _ act out at once to protect the environment. A. would B. should C. will D. can3. Johns pale face suggested that he _ill, and his parents suggested that he _a medical examination.A. be, should have B. was, have C. should be, had D. was, has参考答案：1-3 BBB三、隐含条件句有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句，这需要细心体会。1 用介词短语替代条件句。常用的介词有with, without, but for, under, in等。e.g. Without electricity (=If there were no electricity), human life would be quite different today. But for the storm (= If it had not been for the storm), we should have arrived.2 用副词或连词表示一种含蓄条件。e.g. Jack cant have arrived yet; otherwise (= if he had arrived) he would have telephoned me.3 用分词短语或独立主格结构来代替条件句。e.g. Meeting (= If we had met) anywhere else, we wouldnt have recognized each other. Everything taken into consideration (=If everything had been taken into consideration), they would have raised their output quickly.巩固练习1. Zhang Lin was addicted to computer games during his last year in high school , otherwise he _a student of Beijing University .Awould have been Bshould be Chas been Dhad been 2. -Your sister nearly _ all her spare time to her study during the three years. -Thats right， or she _ the first place in her school in the College Entrance Examination. A. devoted; wouldnt have taken B. spent; wouldnt have taken C. had devoted; hadnt taken D. had spent; couldnt take 3. But for the leadership of our Party and our Government, we _ these splendid results.Ahave achieved Bshouldnt have achieved Cshould have achieved Dwould achieve 4. He the test, but he wasnt careful enough. A. could have passed B. were able to pass C. must have passed D. might be able to pass5.If I had been on my side of the road, you might have killed me. -But you on your side of the road.A. hadnt been B. werent C. didnt D. wouldnt参考答案：AABAB 四、虚拟语气表委婉语气的句型 e.g. It would be better for you not to stay up too late. Would you be kind enough to show me the way? / Would you be so kind as to show me the way?检测：1. I professor Jones had answered me this question.A. believe B. deeply think C. wish D. suppose2. If I _ you, I _ very happy. A. were; would be B. am; shall be C. were; shall be D. am; would be3. If it _ tomorrow, the show would be put off. A. rains B. is raining C. had rained D. should rain4. It is desirable that the plane as light as possible. A. was B. be C. is D. were5. Had you listened to the doctor, you all right now. A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been6. If only I how to operate a computer as you do!A. had known B. would know C. should know D. knew7. The order came that the medical supplies to the village without delay. A. would be sent B. should send C. be sent D. must be sent8. What do you think of the that a meeting be held to discuss the tree planting programme? A. discussion B. suggestion C. opinion D. explanation9.Its many years sin