高考英语语法复习之名词性从句讲义.doc

名词性从句专题 费县实验中学 ： 朱宗彩主语从句Introduction: Part1: What part does the underlined part serve as in each sentence? A tree has fallen across the road. /You are a student. /To find your way can be a problem. /Smoking is bad for you. What she said is not yet known. /That we shall be late is certain. / It is certain that we shall be late1. 定义：用作_的_叫做主语从句。2 引导主语从句的关联词有三类：(1) 从属连词_ _ _.Whether hell come here isnt clear. / Whether we will hold a party in the open air next week is uncertain./ That we shall be late is certain / That they havent phoned is strange. /That price will go up is certain./ 小结：主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略这些连接词；that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中_成分，。whether有_ 之意(主语从句放在句首，不能用if引导)。误：If Mary really heard him is really doubtful. 正：_.主语从句需注意的问题:(1)主语从句中用陈述语序:What she is afraid of is their taking her to Paris. (2)主语从句后谓语动词用第三人称单数:That they havent phoned is strange.(3)that引导的主语从句中，that不可被省略:That price will go up is certain.练习：Part1: Make sentences 1) Its certain. /we will be late._.2)It is strange./ He hasnt come._.3) He is coming or not./ It is unclear._.4) we will hold a party in the open air./ It is uncertain.翻译：1.很明显他是个好人。2.他通过了考试让妈妈很高兴。主语部分太长可用it 做形式主语。用it做形式主语，而把主语从句，在句末，常用下面几种句型1）It + be + 表语 +主语从句 -表语：（名词，形容词，过去分词）It is a fact /uncertain/ said/ reported/. that It is still _ whether he is coming or not.他来不来现在还不确定It is a_ that I told her everything.我告诉了她所有的事情这是事实。It is _that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.据说格林先生来到了北京。It is _ that China has sent another manmade earth satellite into orbit. 报道据，。2）It+不及物动词+主语从句: It seemed (happened, doesnt matter,) that _ that they were absent.碰巧他们都不在_Alice is not coming to the party at all.似乎爱丽丝不会来舞会了_ whether she will come or not. 她来不来这不重要。注意:1）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略这些连接词；但是如果用it做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，从属连词that可以省略。误：They should like each other is natural.正：_正：_.2)如果主语从句放在句首，不能用if引导，但是如果用it 做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导. 误：If Mary really heard him is really doubtful.正：_.4). 用于It is important / strange/ necessary / impossible that.句型中, 主语从句应使用虚拟语气, 谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”的形式, should有时可以省略。It is necessary that the problem ( _ ) _ _ at once. 立刻讨论这个问题很有必要It is strange that he ( _ ) have so many friends. 太奇怪了，他有那么多的朋友。5) 在It + be+suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required 中, that从句的谓语也应该用“should + 动词原形”的形式, should有时可以省略。改错练习1. You have made a mistake is a fact2. That is certain that we can win3. It is important that a student learns a foreign language.2)连接代词who ，what ，which, whatever, whichever, whoever Whoever comes will be welcome. / Whatever he did was right. /Whichever of you comes in will receive a prize. 练习：_lost the watch is unknown. _she did is not yet known. _side will win is not clear. _comes is welcome. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别1) _you said yesterday is right.2) _she is still alive is certain.造句：1. 我们需要的是时间。2. 谁将成为我们的班长还没有决定。3. 哪本书更好还不知道。（3）连接副词 where, when, how, why，wherever，whenever，however。 _ remains a mystery.他为什么这么做还是_ is known to us all. 他是如何成为了一名科学家是众所周知的。造句：1、他是怎样成为一名老师的还不清楚。2、你无论什么时候来都不重要。练习题1.（11北京卷 _Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness. A. WhichB.WhatC.ThatD. Whom2.（11江苏卷）26. It was never clear _ the man hadnt reported the accident sooner. A. that B. how C. when D. why3.（2011重庆卷）22. It is still under discussion _the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. A. whether B. when C. which D. where4.（2011重庆卷）34. It is not always easy for the public to see _ use a new invention can be of to human life. A. whose B. what C. which D. that5（01北） some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.A. Whether B. What C. That D. How6（10浙江9）It is uncertain side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it. Athat BwhatChow D. whether7(09It is obvious to the students _they should get well prepared for their future. A. as B. which C. whether D. that8. (08山东23) was most important to her，she told me，was her family. A. ItB. ThisC. WhatD. As9. (07陕西8)parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. A. That B. WhichC. WhatD. As10. (06辽宁30)makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever11.(09天津7) It is obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared for their future.A. as B. which C. whether D. that12.(08山东23) was most important to her，she told me，was her family. A. It B. This C. What D. As13.(07全国17)matters most in learning English is enough practice. A. What B. Why C. Where D. Which14.(07陕西8)parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. A. That B. WhichC. What D. As15.(07福建35)It is none of your businessother people think about you. A. howB. what C. whichD. when16.(07山东24)worries me the way he keeps changing his mind. A. This B. That C. WhatD. It17.(06山东27)team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.A. No matter whatB. No matter whichC. WhateverD. Whichever表语从句观察思考:指出句子成分：Henry was an American businessman./ Henry met an American businessman.连系动词有：be （_）,_等系动词与高考及其练习The story sounds_(MET 89) A. to be true B. as true C. being true D. trueThose oranges taste_(MET 91) A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well-Are you feeling_? -Yes, Im fine now/(NMET92)A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better-Do you like the material? -Yes, it _very soft.(NMET 94) A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt例句：这故事听起来是真的。/ 他似乎知道这件事。/ 这些橘子尝起来很好。一、表语从句定义：The question is who will do it. 表语从句放在_词之后，充当复合句中的_语。二、表语从句构成: _+_+_. His suggestion is that we should stay calm. / That is why she was late. 三、引导表语从句的关联词1.从属连词a. that，whether:1) The trouble is _ I have lost her address. (2) My question is _ he left ( or not ).注意点1：if 不能引导表语从句b. as, as if / though: He looked just _he had looked ten years before. It sounds _someone is knocking at the door.造句：1)原因是他上学迟到了 2)看起来好像要下雨。2.连接代词: .You are not _I thought you were. 你已不是我过去所想像的人。The question is _ we should trust. 问题是我们应当相信谁。/What I want to know is _road we should take. He is no longer _ he was. 他已经不是以前的他了Thats _ I want to stress. 这是我想强调的3.连接副词a. where, when, how: The problem is _ we can find him. 问题是我们如何找到他。That was _ I was fifteen. 这是我15岁时发生的事。Thats _ I first met her. 那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。Thats _ he didnt come. 这就是他没有来的缘故。Thats _- I object to the plan. 这就是我反对这个计划的原因。Thats _ you are wrong. 这就是你不对的地方。 b. because, why 引导的表语从句(1) Thats because he didnt understand me. Thats why he got angry with me .The reason why he failed is _he was too careless. A. because B. that C. for D. because of注意点2：主句主语为reason, 只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because.注意点3：如果从句是特殊疑问句，用陈述句语序The problem is _to take the place of John. A. who can we get B. what we can get C. who we can get D. that we can get注意点4:在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用should+动词原形 表示，should可省略。常见的词有：advice, suggestion, order, proposal, plan等。My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.练习：1. Go and get your coat. It s _you left it. A. where B. there C. there where D. where there2. The reason why he hasnt come is _. A. because his mother is ill B. because of his mothers being ill C. that his mother is ill D. for his mother is ill3. That is _ we were late last time. A. that B. when C. why D. what4. _your father wants to know is_ getting on with your studies. A. What; how are you B. That；how you are C. How；that you are D. What；how you are5The problem is _to take the place of Ted A. who can we getB. what we can get C. who we can getD. that we can get6. What I want to know is _ he likes the gift given by us. A. that B. if C. whether D.不填7. The reason is _I missed the bus. A. that B. when C. why D. what8. That is _ _ we were late last time. A. that B. when C. why D. what9. She looked _ she were ten years younger. A. that B. like C. as D. as though10. The reason why he hasnt come is _.A. because his mother is illB. because of his mothers being ill C. that his mother is illD. for his mother is ill11. He was born here.- That is _ he likes the place so much. A. thatB. what C. why D. how12.That is _ Lu Xun once lived. A. what B. where C. that D. why132011山东卷） 26. I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything. A. that B. when C. where D. why14（2011陕西卷Id like to start my own business-thats _ Id do if I had the money. A. why B. when C. which D. what15（10上海36）One reason for her preference for city life is she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. A. that B. how C. what D. why宾语从句Introduction:分析下列句子结构：1) I heard the news./ I heard that he would come here later on. 2) I know him . I know who he is . 一：宾语从句的定义：宾语从句就是一个_作_词或_词的宾语句子结构：主句 +连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句(学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。)二.宾语从句中引导词（连接词）的用法及宾语从句的语序_.连词：_ _ _代词：_.副词：_等。 连词：He told me _ he would go to the college the next year /I dont know _ there will be a bus any more. Nobody knew _ he could pass the exam. I dont know _or not. A. whether he is at home B. if he is at home C. that he is at home D. whether is he at home This depends on _ the weather is fine. A. which B. whether C. if D. thatExercises将下列句子连成一句: 1)What is her name? (I dont know) 2)Does her aunt live in Paris? (Im not sure)3) What did he lose at the railway station? (Would you tell me./ 4)Will it rain again tomorrow? (I dont know)5) My son is having a cold. (she said) 6) What foreign language can you speak? (I want to know) Attention：1)that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略但在下列情况下引导宾语从句的常常不可省略。 a.介词except ,but ,等后跟that 引导的宾语从句时。如：The Swede stood quite still, except that his lips moved slightly. b.That 引导的宾语从句和主句之间有插入语时。 如：I think, first of all, that we must believe in ourselves. c. 当it 作形式宾语，后接that 引导的宾语从句时。如：We have made it clear that we will learn to deal with various difficult problems. d.宾语从句不止一个时，第一个that 可以省略，而其它的that 常不可省略。 如：I think (that) it will clear up this afternoon and that they will come to say good-bye to us. 2)由whether, if 引导的宾语从句： 在下列情况下只能用whether，不能用if：在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，往往用whether: I dont know whether he comes or not.在介词之后用whether。如：Im interested in whether he likes English我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。在不定式前用whether。如：He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by trainIt depends on _ we have enough money. /I dont know _ or not she can arrive on time. 3)宾语从句的否定转移:当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that.坚持_ 建议_ 命令 _ 要求_等动词后跟宾语从句，用（should）+v（虚拟语气） Eg： I suggested that you（should）study hard /He ordered that we should go out at once连接代词：who, whom, whose, which, what, 在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。Do you know _has won Red Alert game?你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏么？The book will show you _ the best CEOs should know.这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解什么.Have you determined _you should buy, a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?(1) The teacher asked the new student _ class he was in. A. which B. where C. if D. that(2)- Be careful! Dont break the bottles. Do you hear _ I said? David? - Yes, Mum A. what B. that C. why D. if(3)There is not much difference between the two. I really dont know _.A. what should I choose B. which I should choose C. which should I choose D. what I should choose(4)Did you find out _? A. she was looking for whose child B. whose child was she looking forC. whose child she is looking for D. whose child she was looking for连接副词有：when, where, why, how，在句中担任状语的成分。He didnt tell me _ we should meet again. 他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面. Could you please tell me _you use the new panel? 你能告诉我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗? None of us knows _these new parts can be bought. 没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.(1)I dont know _ Mr. Green will come to see us. Hell help us with our English. A. why B. when C. how D. where(2)Parents are taught to understand _important education is to their childrens future. A. that B. how C.suchD. so(3)Mary wrote an article on the team had failed to win the game. Awhy Bwhat Cwho Dthat 三：宾语从句的时态1主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well. 2主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。She was sorry that she hadnt finished her work on time. 3当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。(1) Its 7:30. I cant believe you_ cooking dinner yet, Sally. A. havent started B. didnt C. dont start D. hadnt started(2) The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 _ Christmas Day. A. is B. was C. has been D. will be(3) The teacher said that the earth _round the sun. A. goes B. go C. went D. will go(4) We d like to tell you that you _the exam. A. have passed B. had passed C. pass D. will pass (5 ) I hear that he _ to Beijing yesterday. A. goes B. will go C. went D. have gone四用it 指代宾语从句：I hate _when people talk with their mouths full. (NMET98) A.it B. that C. these D. then 专项练习：1. Henry killed the dog. Ill ask him why _.A. did he do that B. he did thatC. he did D. he has done so2. Have you seen Henry lately My boss wants to know _.A. how he is getting along B. how is he getting along C. what he is getting along D. what is he getting along3. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants .A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever4. He asked me _ with me. A. what is the trouble B. what wrong was C. what was the matter D. what trouble it is5. I wonder how much _.A. does the watch cost B. did the watch cost C. the watch costed D. the watch costs6. I dont doubt _ hell come. A. that B. if C. what D. whether7. Excuse me would you please tell me _ .A. when the sports meet is taken place B. when is the sports meet going to be heldC. when is the sports meet to begin D. when the sports meet is to take place8. Do you happen to know _.A. what size shoes he wears B. how big shoes he wears C. what is the size of his shoes D. what number shoes are his9The little boy ate _ his mother gave him. A. that B. which C. whatever D. no matter what10. They discussed _ they could settle the problem without others help. A. if B. that C. what D. whether11. As the day was fine, I made the suggestion _for a walk in the park.A. we go B. we will go C. should we go D. that we go12. We thought _ strange that Tom did not come yesterday. A. that B. it C. this D. what14. Can you point out _ two radios are the best A. which B. what C. that D. whether15. We think it possible _ the local government will be able to solve the housing problem.A. for B. that C. when D. how16.The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _ he thought was not enough. A. where B. how C. whatD. which17. The way he did it was different we were used to. Ain whichBin what C. from what Dfrom which 同位语从句析划线部分的句子成分：Mr Wang, my childs teacher, will be visiting us on Tuesday. 2.I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.3. I myself will do the experiment. 4. She is the oldest among them six5.The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes. 同位语：the Appositive同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。一：定义：在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。 I heard the news that our team had won。二：可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。 Ive come from Mr wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon 三：引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that，whether，连接副词 how,when,where等。（注：if, which 不能引导同位语从句。） He must answer the question _ he agrees to it or not./ I have no idea _he will come back. The problem _we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.【注意1】在某些名词(如demand, wish, suggestion, resolution等)后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气 We are all for your advice that the discussion _.A. be put off B. was put off C. should put off D. is to be put off They received orders _ the work be done at once Awhich Bwhen C Dthat练习：把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从句的复合句1 The Queen of England was on a four-day visit in China./We heard the news last night.2 Two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet./The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.注意：有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。Word came that their team had won.1) News