高中英语系列讲座(十三) 冠词.doc

高中英语系列讲座（十三）冠 词I. 用法讲解：冠词是虚词, 本身不能单独使用, 也没有词义, 它用在名词的前面, 帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种：定冠词、不定冠词、零冠词。一、不定冠词的基本用法不定冠词用于单数可数名词之前, 其中 a 用于以辅音音素（辅音音素24个 /p/、/b/、/t/、/d/、/m/、/l/、/r/ 等,不是辅音字母）开始的词前。而 an 是用于以元音音素（元音音素20个/i:/、/i/、/e/、/au/ 等, 不是元音字母a, e, i, o, u）开始的词前。如：a university, a useful tool, a computer, an orange, an hour, an 800-meter bridge. Jumping out of _ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _ exciting experience.用法典型例句1、与可数名词单数连用, 表示类别。I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over the keyboard. You shouldnt put drinks near a computer. 2、泛指某人或某物, 表示“某一个”, 相当于 a certain。Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? Sorry, wrong number. There isnt a Mr. Smith here. 3、用于数量、时间等名词前, 表示“每一（单位）的”相当于 per。I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier on Saturdays. 4、用于固定词组中。 a knowledge of , have a gift for, give sb. a ride, a couple of, have a good time, keep a diary, in a hurry, once in a while, at a loss, tell a lie, do sb. a favor二、定冠词的基本用法用法典型例句1、用来特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。所特指的名词常被短语或定语从句所修饰。Of all the reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my fathers advice was the most important one.2、指说话的双方都知道的人或事物。Dont worry if you cant come to the party. Ill save some cake for you. 3、复述上文中提到的事物。There is a shelf in my fathers room. The shelf is new. 4、用于单数可数名词之前, 表示该类事物, 相当于 a。When you come here for your holiday next time, dont go to the hotel; I can find you a bed in my flat. 5、序数词和形容词最高级前。比较级前若表示特指时也要用定冠词 the 。The cakes are delicious. Hed like to have a third one because the second one is rather too small. I want to chat with the taller of the two men. 6、在表示方位、乐器的名词前。Summer in the south of France is for the most part dry and sunny. play the piano, play the violin7、用于复数姓氏之前, 表示“夫妇”或“全家”。the Smiths8、表示世界上独一无二事物的名词前。the sun, the moon, the earth, the world。9、用于由普通名词构成的专有名词、江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河及某些建筑物等名称前。According to the World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent the spread of AIDS.After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson a ride to the Capital Airport. 10、在某些形容词之前, 可表示某一类人。the rich, the poor, the old, the wounded, the living, the dead。三、不用冠词(零冠词)用法典型例句1、人名、地名（街名、广场名、公园名）、大学名、国名、病名前。Wang Fu Jing Street, Pei Hai Park 北海公园, Beijing University 但也可说 the University of Beijing。2、抽象名词表示一般概念时, 一般不用冠词。When you finish reading the book, you will have a better understanding of life. 3、物质名词表示一般概念时, 一般不用冠词。The warmth of the sweater will of course be determined by the sort of wool used.4、表示职位或头衔的抽象名词前, 常不用冠词。但表示具体的人时, 加 the 。We will elect engineer Liu director of our factory. 类似的名词还有：president, monitor, headmaster, mayor 等。5、表示季节、月份、星期几、节、假日等表示时间的名称前, 不用冠词。但我国的阴历节前要用the。Childrens Day, Womens Day, May Day the Spring Festival。6、三餐、学科名称、球类活动和棋类游戏的名称前, 不用冠词。play basketball, play chess。7、man 作“人类”讲时, 同 human, mankind 一样不用冠词。While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made a discovery, which completely changed mans understanding of color. 8、by 与表示“通信、交通”的词连用, 表示通信,交通手段时, 不用冠词。If you go by train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get a fast one. 9、复数名词前不用冠词泛指类别。It is often said that teachers have a very easy life.10、有些名词与介词搭配表示抽象意义, 不加冠词, 常作状语。His daughter is always shy in public and she never dares to make a speech to the public. in surprise/wonder/danger/tears/comfort, in love with, under pressure, beyond expressionII. 练习1. _ recent report stated that the number of Spanish speakers in the U.S .would be higher than the number of English speaker by _ year 2090.A. A; the B. A; / C. The ; / D. The; a2. If you go by _ train, you can have quite a comfortable journey ,but make sure you get _ fast one.A. /; / B. /; a C. the; a D./; / 3. It is often said that _ teachers have _ very easy life.A /; / B. /; a C. the; / D. the; a4.I cant remember when exactly the Robinsons left _city ,I only remember it was _ Monday.。A. the; the B. a ; the C. a; a D. the; a5.If you grow up in _large family ,youare more likely to develop _ability to get on well with _others .A. /; an; the B. a; the ; / C. the ; an ; the D. a; the ; the 6. Mrs. Taylor has _8-year-old daughter who has _gift for painting she has won two national prizes.A. a; a B. an ; the C. an ; a D. the; a7. After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson _ride to _Capital Airport. A .the; a B. a; the C. /; a D. /; the 8. On May 5,2005, at _ World Table Tennis Championship, Kong Linghui and Wang Hao won the gold medal in mens with _ score of 4:1.A. a ; a B. /; the C. a ; / D. the ; a 9. I knew _John Lennon ,but not _famous one.A. /; a B. a ; the C. /; the D. the; a 10. The book tells _life story of John Smith ,who left _school and worked for a newspaper at the age of 16. A. the; the B. a; the C. the./ D. a; / 11. When you come here for your holiday next time, dont go to _hotel; I can find you _bed in my flat.A. the ; a B. the; / C. a ; the D. a; /12. If you buy more than ten, they will knock20pence off_. A. a price B. price C. the price D. prices 13. _ on-going division between English speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is _ major concern of the country.A. The; / B. The; a C. An; the D. An; /14. When he left _ college, he got a job as _ reporter in a newspaper office . A. /; a B. /; the C .a the D. the; the15. The most important thing about cotton in history is _ part that it played in _ Industrial Revolution. A. /; / B. the; / C. the ; the D. a ; the16. While he was investigating ways t improve the telescope Newton made _ discovery which completely changed _ mans understanding of color.A. a ; / B. a ; the C. /; the D. the ; a17. It is _ world of wonders, _ world where anything can happen. A. a. the B. a; a C. the; a D. /; /18. The Wilsons live in _ A-shaped house near the coast . It is _ 17th century cottage.A. the; / B. an; the C. /; the D. an ; a19. Tom owns _ larger collection of _ books than any other student in our class.A. the ; / B. a; / C. a ; the D. /; the20. For a long time they walked without saying _ word .Jim was the first t break _ silence. A. the; a B. a; the C. a; / D. the; /21. There was _ time _ I hated to go to school.A. a; that B. a; when C. the; that D. the; when 22. When you finish reading the book ,you will have _ better understanding of _ life. A. a; the B. the; a C. /; the D. a; /23. I earn 10dollars _ hours as _ supermarket cashier on Saturday.A. a; an B. the; a C. an; a D. an; the24. The sign reads “in ease of _ fire, break the glass and push _ red button”A. /; a B. /; the C. the; the D. a; a 25. I dont like talking on _ telephone ; I prefer writing _ letter.A. a; the B. the./ C. the; the D. A; /26. Jumping out of _ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite _ exciting experience. A. /; the B. /; an C. an; an D. the; the 27. One way to understand thousands of new words in gain _ good knowledge of basic word formation.A. / B. the C. a D. one28. The cakes are delicious . Hed like have _ third one because _ second one is rather too small.A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a 29. A bullet hit the solider and he was wounded in _ leg. A. a B. one C. the D. his30. The warmth of _ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of _ wool used.A. the; the B. the; / C. /; the D. /; /31. _ walk is expected to last all day, so bring _ packed lunch.A. A; a B. The; / C. The; a D. A; /32. Could you tell me the way to _ Johnsons, please?Sorry, we dont have _ Johnson here in the village.A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; /33. I looked under _ bed and found _ book I lost last week. A. the; a B. the; the C. /; the D. the; /34. I wanted to catch _ early train, but couldnt get _ ride to the station. A. an; the B. /; the C. an; / D. the; a35. Christmas is _ special holiday when _ whole family are supposed to get together.A. the; the B. a; a C. the; a D. a; the36. In China, _ pressure to pass _ exams gives students the impression that learning comes from textbooks. A. /; / B. the; the C. the; / D. /; the37. Recently some studies have found that learning _ second language can lead to _ increase in ones brain power. A. a; the B. /; the C. a; an D. the; an38. What do you remember Alexander Graham Bell as? As _ inventor of _ telephone. A. an; / B. the; a C. the; the D. /; the39. What in _ world do you like most in _ world? I hope _ world is _ peaceful and fair world. A. the; the; the; the B. /; the; the; C. ; the; the; a D. the; the; the; a40. As we all know. _life is hard for any of us. If we live_ happy life, we must all work harder. A. /; B. /; a C. a; / D. a; a41. The chairman will be pleased at _ scene that everything is in _ place.A. a; a B. the; the C. the; / D./; the42. Play, often seen as _ activity for kids, is still important in _ development of teenagers. A. the; the B. an; the C. an; / D. the; /43. Sad to say, nowadays many people are still in _ habit of writing silly things in _ public places. A. the; / B. /; / C. the; the D. /; the44. It was _ exciting news that more than ten students in a single school were admitted to Tsinghua University in the same year. A. one B. an C. / D. a45. What have we got for supper? I got _ huge fish at _ market opposite our school for only five pounds. A. the; the B. a; the C. the; a D. a; a46.一My flight was delayed because of _ heavy rain. But you are just in _ time for the discussion. A. the; a B. a; the C. /; / D. the; /47. I dont think the experiment is _ failure. At least we have gained _ experience for future success. A./; the B. a; the C. a ; / D./; / 48. By _ nature, you are an adventurer, full of amazement and curiosity about _ world bigger than life itself.A. a; the B. the; the C. /; a D. the; /49. While income worry is _ rather common problem of the aged, loneliness is another problem that _ aged parents may face.A. a; / B. the; / C. a; the D. the; the50. Hey, please do me _ favor. I must get some money from _ ATM machine. A. the; a B. a; the C. the; an D. a; /III. 高考真题1. It is generally accepted tha