轴承内外圈加工专用机床上料机构设计开题报告VIP

欢迎下载本文档参考使用，如果有疑问或者需要CAD图纸的请联系q1484406321编号无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）相关资料题目： 轴承内外圈加工专用 机床上料机构设计 信机 系 机械工程及自动化专业学 号： 0923248学生姓名： 周唐燕 指导教师： 彭勇 （职称：副教授 ） （职称： ）2013年5月25日目 录一、毕业设计（论文）开题报告二、毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译及原文三、学生“毕业论文（论文）计划、进度、检查及落实表”四、实习鉴定表无锡太湖学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目： 轴承内外圈加工专用 机床上料机构设计 信机 系 机械工程及自动化专业学 号： 0923248 学生姓名： 周唐燕 指导教师： 彭勇 （职称：副教授 ） （职称： ）2012年 11 月 25日 课题来源该课题来源于迪奥企业轴承内外圈加工的需求。科学依据（包括课题的科学意义；国内外研究概况、水平和发展趋势；应用前景等）（1）课题的科学意义本课题研究的意义在于：轴承内外圈加工专用机床上料装置，属于工件上料装置，现有技术实现上料托与压料部协调动作的机械传动机构结构复杂、且在动作过程因磨损而影响上料托与压料部协调动作的精确性，本实用新型包括上料气缸和由上料气缸驱动的滑板，所述的滑板上设置有上料托，其特征是所述的滑板上连接有一个压料气缸，由该压料气缸驱动一个压料滑块，该压料滑块上设置一个与所述上料托对应的压料部。本实用新型省略了结构复杂的机械传动机构，通过两个动力分别驱动上料托和压料部，便于通过程序控制器对上料气缸和压料气缸的控制，实现上料托与压料部的协调动作，在简化了结构的同时，也保证上料托与压料部动作协调的精确性。（2）国内外研究状况、水平和发展趋势美国麻省理工学院1952年研制出第一台实验性数控系统，距现在已历经半个世纪。我国数控技术的发展得益于改革开放。20世纪80年代开始，先后从美国、日本、德国等发达国家引进了一些数控系统和伺服技术。陆续发展了一批具有70 年代末、80年代初期水平的数控系统，这些系统较完善的性能和稳定性，很快得到了用户的认可，结束了我国数控机床发展长期徘徊不前的局面，推动了我国数控机床的发展。90年代，我国的数控机床技术得到了较大提升。数控机床的核心技术数控系统和伺服驱动系统，也由完全依赖进口，发展到引进消化、自主开发阶段。目前我国有数十家研究所或企业能够从事各种类型数控系统的生产与研制。比较有代表性的，如北京的KND系统、DKM系统、南京的华兴系统、新方达系统、华中理工大学的华中系统、成都的广泰系统等。 该机床主要用于汽车行业、军工行业和其他工业行业的轴承生产制造，实现了单机自动化、多机线自动化的生产制造。其中轴承行业，占据顶端市场份额的90以上，速度、准确度和耐用性是我们的产品成功要素。研究内容 分析原始资料，查阅相关资料，收集整理有关上料机构设计、完成工艺、设备、机械加工等的资料。 对机床进行系统分析以及功能分析，并在此基础上确定轴承内外圈上料机构的设计方案。 完成上料机构的整体设计，各个零件的建模和整体的装配，最后进行上料机构的运动仿真。 完成设计说明书及一篇外文翻译。拟采取的研究方法、技术路线、实验方案及可行性分析（1）研究方法借阅相关书籍杂志，充分利用图书馆及网络资源。（2）技术路线收集资料，确定方案，设计尺寸，三维建模，运动仿真。（3）实验方案首先研究轴承内外圈车加工专用车床的整体结构，设计一个符合要求的整体装配结构；其次根据性能要求进行校核；然后对强度进行有效的分析处理，并根据其处理结果进行有效的选择；最后将选择最适合的材料完成整个上料机构的设计。（4）可行性分析 查阅相关设计资料，了解设计过程。熟悉零件各种配合方式和参数的计算， 熟练运用AutoCAD软件和UG软件，做出机械零件和装配图以及三维建模和 运动仿真。最后整理资料，完成毕业设计论文。研究计划及预期成果研究计划：2012年11月12日-2012年12月2日：收集资料，撰写开题报告、文献综述；2013年3月4日-2013年3月15日：完成零件三维造型，确定工艺总体方案；2013年3月18日-2013年3月22日：完成上料机构的装配；2013年3月25日-2013年3月29日：完成上料机构的全部零件图；2013年4月1日-2013年4月12日：完成上料机构的总装图及运动仿真；2013年4月15日-2013年4月28日：完成上料机构设计的说明书和相关资料的 撰写；2013年5月2日-2013年5月10日：详细审阅设计计算、说明书及图纸并修改；2013年5月13日-2013年5月25日：递交毕业设计资料，准备答辩材料，并 进行答辩。预期成果：设计中各个部件的选择需要具体分析和理论计算，方案拟定正确；设计计算根据来源可靠，计算数据准确无误，定位夹紧元件选用正确规范；机械结构图纸绘制要求视图完整、符合最新国家标准，图面整洁、质量高（图纸绘制要求采用计算机绘图）；用UG完成上料机构的所有零件建模和装配，用CAD完成零件图和组装图；基于UG进一步完成运动仿真。特色或创新之处 基于轴承领域用途广泛，所以该机床的市场很大。 结构比原先的更简单，使机器作业更便捷更安全。 使用了上料机构，效率更高。已具备的条件和尚需解决的问题 可以利用图书馆及网络资源，已学过UG的基础知识； 使用UG的运动仿真有待加强。指导教师意见 指导教师签名：年 月 日教研室（学科组、研究所）意见 教研室主任签名： 年 月 日系意见 主管领导签名： 年 月 日英文原文Cylinder block machining process designEngine parts engine block is a more complex structure of spare parts box, its high precision, complex process, and the processing quality will affect the overall performance engine, so it has become the engine manufacturers focus parts one.1.Technical Characteristics of the engine cylinder blockCylinder cast for a whole structure, and its upper part 4 cylinder mounting hole;cylinder standard cylinder is divided into upper and lower divisions into two parts;cylinder to the rear of the front-side arrangement of the previous three coaxial mounting hole of the camshaft and the idler axle hole.Cylinder process features are: the structure of complex shape; processing plane,more than holes; uneven wall thickness and stiffness is low; processing of high precision typical of box-type processing part. The main processing of the surface of cylinder block top surface, the main bearing side, cylinder bore, the main and camshaft bearing bore holes and so on, they will directly affect the machining accuracy of the engine assembly precision and performance, mainly rely on precision equipment, industrial fixtures reliability and processing technology to ensure the reasonableness.2.Engine block process design principles and the basis forDesign Technology program should be to ensure product quality at the same time,give full consideration to the production cycle, cost and environmental protection;based on the enterprises ability to actively adopt advanced process technology and equipment, and constantly enhance their level of technology. Engine block machining process design should follow the following basic principles:(1) The selection of processing equipment ,the principle of selection adopted the principle of selection adopted the principle of combining rigid-flexible, processing each horizontal machining center is located mainly small operations with vertical machining center, the key process a crank hole, cylinder hole, balancer shaft hole High-speed processing of high-precision horizontal machining center, an upper and ower non-critical processes before and after the four-dimensional high-efficiency rough milling and have a certain adjustment range of special machine processing;(2) focus on a key process in principle process the body cylinder bore, crankshaft hole, Balance Shaft hole surface finishing and the combination of precision milling cylinder head, using a process focused on a setup program to complete all processing elements in order to ensure product accuracy The key quality processes to meet the cylinder capacity and the relevant technical requirements;According to the technological characteristics of automobile engine cylinder block and the production mandate, the engine block machining automatic production line is composed of horizontal machining center CWK500 and CWK500D machining centers, special milling/boring machine, vertical machining centers matec-30L and other appliances.(3) top and bottom, and tile covered only the combination of aperture rough milling machine dedicated to this machine to double-sided horizontal milling machine, using moving table driven parts, machine tools imported Siemens S7-200PLC system control, machine control cabinet set up an independent, cutting automate the process is completed and two kinds of automatic and adjust the state;(4) high-speed horizontal machining center machining center can be realized CWK500 the maximum flow of wet processing, but because of equipment, automatic BTA treatment system through the built-in tray under the wide-type chip conveyor and the completion of the machining center can be dry processing; machine tool spindle speed 6000r/min,rapid feeding speed 38m/min;(5) The combination of front and rear face rough milling machine tool using hydraulic transmission; control system imported Siemens S7-200PLC system control,machine tools have a certain flexibility;(6) The special machine TXK1500 this machine vertical machining center by the modification of shape, with vertical machining center features and performance,this machine has high strength, high wear-resistant, high stability, high accuracy, high-profile etc.;(7) high-speed vertical machining center matec-30L of the machining center spindle high speed 9000r/min.Control system uses Siemens SINUMERIK840D control system;(8) high-speed horizontal machining center spindle CWK500Dhighest speed15000r/min.3.Engine block machining process design the main contentEngine block complex structure, high precision, arge size, is thin-walled parts,there are a number of high precision plane and holes. Engine block machining process characteristics; mainly flat and the hole processing, processing of flat generally useplaning, milling methods such as processing, processing of hole used mainly boring,processing and multi-purpose drilling holes. As the cylinder complex structure. So how to ensure that the mutual position of the surface processing precision is an important issue.3.1 The selection of blankEngine block on the materials used are generally gray cast iron HT150,HT200,HT250,there is also cast aluminum or steel plate, this engine block using high-strength alloy cast iron. Cylinder in the processing prior to aging treatment in order to eliminate stress and improve the rough casting mechanical properties.Improve the rough accuracy, reduction of machining allowance, is to improve the automated production line system productivity and processing quality of the important measures. As the foreign box-type parts of rough quality and high precision, and its production-line system has been implemented directly on the blank line, not only eliminating the need for blank check device also saves the rough quality problems due to waste of machining time, increase overall efficiency. Therefore, the refinement of rough is to improve the productivity of the most promising way out. For the engine block production line, can be rough in parts on-line pre-milling six face, removing most of the margin, to facilitate direct on-line parts.3.2 Machining process selection and processing of the benchmarkChoose the right processing technology base is directly related to the processing quality can ensure the parts. Generally speaking, process benchmarking can be divided into coarse and fine reference base.(1) The baseline for the on-line thick rough, which is particularly important the choice of benchmark crude, if crude benchmark choice unreasonable, will the uneven distribution of machining allowance, processing and surface offsets, resulting in waste.In the cylinder production line, we have adopted for the coarse side of the base;(2) Refined the base of this box for the engine block parts, the general use of side two sales for a full range of uniform benchmarks, For the longer automated production positioning, therefore, will be divided into 2-3 segment pin holes used. In the cylinder pin hole of the process, we have adopted to the side, bottom and the spindle hole positioning, in the processing center on the process.3.3 Machining Processing Stages and processes of the arrangementsOften a part of many apparent need for processing, of course, the surface machining accuracy are different. Processing of high precision surface, often after repeated processing; As for the processing of the surface of low precision, only need to go through one or two on the list. Thus, when the development process in order to seize the processing high precision surface, this conflict, the reasonable arrangement processes and rational division stage of processing. Arrange the order of the principle of process is: after the first coarse refined, the first surface after the hole,the first benchmark other. In the engine block machining, the same should follow this principle.(1) roughing stage engine block machining process, the arrangements for roughing process, to fully carry out rough rough, trim most of the margin in order to ensure production efficiency;(2) semi-finishing phase of the engine block machining, in order to ensure the accuracy of the middle of some important surface processing, and arrange some semi-finishing operations, will be required accuracy and surface roughness of the surface of the middle of some processing to complete, while demanding the surface of semi-finished, to prepare for future finishing;(3) The finishing stage of requiring high accuracy and surface roughness of the surface processing;(4) secondary processing, such as small surface screw holes, you can finish of the major surface after the one hand, when the workpiece deformation process little impact at the same time also reduced the rejection rate;In addition,if the main surface of a waste,these small the surface will not have to be processed,thus avoiding a waste of man-hours.However,if the processing is very easy for a small surface bumps the main surface,it should be placed on a small surface finish prior to the main surface finishing;(5) should make proper arrangements for secondary processes such as product inspection process,in part roughing stage,the key process before and after processing,spare parts all the processing has been completed,should be appropriate arrangements.Stage of processing division,has the following advantages:First,it can take measures to eliminate the rough workpiece after the stress,to ensure accuracy;second,finishing on the back,and will not damage during transport the surface of the workpiece has been processed;again,first roughing the surface defects can be detected early and promptly deal with rough,do not waste working hours.But most small parts,do not sub very thin.3.4 cylinder surface of the main processing and secondary processesCylinder surface and support the main processing operations are:(1) plane processing at present, the milling of engine blocks is the primary means of planar processing,domestic milling feed rate is generally 300-400mm/min,and foreign 2000-4000mm/min milling feed rate compared to far cry,to be on increasing,therefore,improve the milling feed rate,reduce overhead time is to improve the productivity of the major means of finishing a number of plane engine block when the milling feed rate to reach 2399mm/min,greatly improved efficiency;Top surface of the cylinder milling is a key process in the process,the flatness requirements for 0.02/145mm,the surface roughness of Ra1.6um.Processing in the cylinder,the use of side and spindle bearing bore positioning,top,bottom and middle vagay only aperture while processing used in the processing line outside of the knife device can better meet the engine block machining accuracy;(2) General holes machining holes in general are still using the traditional processing of drilling,expansion,boring,reaming,tapping and other craft approach.Issues in the design process of specific programs,use of coated cutting tools,cutting tools and other advanced tools within the cooling,and using a large flow of cooling systems,greatly improving the cutting speed,improved productivity;(3) deep hole processing of the traditional processing method is used to grade twist drill feed,low efficiency of their production,processing and quality is poor.The deep hole in the engine block processing,the use of gun drilling process;(4) The three-axis machining holes for the cylinder-axis machining holes holes of high precision,long working hours of the restrictive process.Thus,work arrangements,processing methods,tools and so on should be special attention.All cover pre-processing,that is,semi-circular hole and the cylinder block main bearing cap of the shortage of processing,its main purpose is to remove blank margin,release stress,to prepare for the post-order processing;in crankshaft machining processing center hole,using double-sided Boring,boring the first holes in the crankshaft hole at one end to 1/2 length,and then turn 180 degrees workbench,form the other end and then bore another 1/2 length.(5) The cylinder bore machining cylinder hole cylinder machining processing is a key process in the one,under normal circumstances,the machining process as a rough boring,semi-fine boring,precision boring and honing.Cylinder bore wall for the early detection of casting defects,eliminate stress,should be thick cylinder boring holes in advance;due to the structural characteristics of the different cylinder bore,must be in honing process to improve the cylinder bore surface quality.In the high-volume production,the cylinder bore honing generally use the multi-axis grinding machine or honing Automatic Line.Here we use honing automatic lines,from the coarse-heng.Fine-heng and testing equipment,composed of three;(6) Cleaning cleaning is divided into wet cleaning and dry cleaning.Machining cylinder automatic production line using a large flow of wet cleaning; (7) Detect points outside the line detection and line detection of two kinds. Quality inspection in the engine block,according to the actual situation with lines outside the detection,the main use of coordinate measuring machine integrated measurements of the cylinder,each 200 samples 1-5 pieces,each class random one.4.SummaryThrough the engine block of the structure and process characteristics of the analysis,discusses the engine block machining process design principles and basis of the choice of cutting parameters,and U-turn at high speed milling and boring,for example,design,analysis of the engine cylinder body of high-speed milling and turnover boring process,and in the processing need to pay attention to.中文译文缸体机械加工工艺设计发动机缸体是发动机零件中结构较为复杂的箱体零件，其精度要求高，加工工艺复杂，并且加工加工质量的好坏直接影响发动机整个机构的性能，因此，它成为各个发动机生产厂家所关注的重点零件之一。1. 发动机缸体的工艺特点缸体为一整体铸造结构，其上部有4个缸套安装孔；缸体的水平隔板将缸体分成上下两部分；缸体的前端面从到后排列有三个同轴线的凸轮轴安装孔和惰轮轴孔。缸体的工艺特点是：结构、形状复杂；加工的平面和孔比较多；壁厚不均，刚度低；加工精度要求高，属于典型的箱体类加工零件。缸体的主要加工表面有顶面、主轴承侧面、缸孔、主轴承孔及凸轮轴孔等，它们的加工精度将直接影响发动机的装配精度和工作性能，主要依靠设备进度、工夹具的可靠性和加工工艺的合理性来保证。2. 发动机缸体工艺方案设计原则和依据设计工艺方案应在保证产品质量的同时，充分考虑生产周期、成本和环境保护；根据本企业能力，积极采用国内外先进的工艺技术和装备，不断提高企业工艺水平。发动机缸体机械加工工艺设计应遵循以下基本原则：（1）加工设备选型原则 加工设备选型采用刚柔结合的原则，加工设备以卧式加工中心为主，少量采用立式加工中心，关键工序曲轴孔、缸孔、平衡轴孔加工采用高精度高速卧式加工中心，非关键工序上下前后四个平面的粗铣采用高效并有一定调整范围的专用机床加工；（2）集中工序原则 关键工序曲轴孔、缸孔、平衡轴孔的精加工缸盖结合面的精铣，采用在集中在一道工序一次装夹完成全部加工内容方案，以确保产品精度满足缸体关键品质的工艺性能和有关技术要求。根据汽车发动机缸体的工艺特点和生产任务要求，发动机缸体机械加工自动生产线由卧式加工中心CWK500和CWK500D加工中心、专用铣/镗床、立式加工中心matec-30L等设备组成。（1）顶底面及瓦盖止口面粗铣组合机床 本机床为双面卧式专用铣床，采用移动工作台带动工件，机床采用进口西门子S7-200PLC系统控制，机床设独立电控柜，切削过程自动化完成，有自动和调整两种状态；（2）高速卧式加工中心CWK500 该加工中心可实现最大流量的湿加工，但由于设备自动排屑处理系统是通过位于托盘下的内置宽式排屑器而完成，该加工中心可以进行干加工；机床主轴转速6000r/min，快速进给速度38m/min；（3）前后端面粗铣组合机床 机床采用液压传动；控制系统采用进口西门子S7-200PLC系统控制，机床具有一定的柔性；（4）采用机床TXK1500 本机床有立式加工中心改造而成形，具备立式加工中心的特点及性能，该机床具有高精度、高强度、高耐磨度、高稳定性、高配置等优点；（5）高速立式加工中心matec-30L 该加工中心主轴