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河 北 建 筑 工 程 学 院 本科毕业设计（论文）题目DY-1000岩心钻机液压动力头设 计学科专业 机械设计制造及其自动化 班 级 机 093 姓 名 段越威 指导教师 孙 长 山 辅导教师 河北建筑工程学院毕业设计（论文）任务书课题名称DY-1000岩心钻机液压动力头设 计 系： 机械工程系 专业： 机械设计制造及其制动化 班级： 机093 姓名： 段越威 学号： 13 起迄日期： 2013年3月11日 2013年 6月21日设计（论文）地点: A10 指导教师： 孙长山 辅导教师： 发任务书日期： 2013年3月 8 日1、毕业设计（论文）目的：本次毕业设计是对机械专业学生在毕业前的一次全面训练，目的在于巩固和扩大学生在校所学的基础知识和专业知识，训练学生综合运用所学知识分析和解决问题的能力。是培养、锻炼学生独立工作能力和创新精神的最佳手段。毕业设计要求每个学生在工作过程中，要独立思考，刻苦钻研，有所创新、解决相关技术问题。通过毕业设计，使学生掌握液压动力头的设计、卡盘的设计、夹紧力及传动齿轮等方面的计算等内容，为今后步入社会、走上工作岗位打下良好的基础。2、毕业设计（论文）任务内容和要求（包括原始数据、技术要求、工作要求等）：（1） 总体设计： （DY-1000型液压动力头）结构设计 参数和规格的选择（2） 设计任务 主要技术参数 输入功率和输出功率的计算 卡盘夹紧力的计算 动力头零部件力学性能计算 设计并绘制动力头及卡盘总体装配图和部分零件图 相关液压系统原理图设计 论文内容在包括上述设计计算的基础上还应对设计项目的技术水平、国内外发展趋势、具体结构的优缺点等方面进行充分对比和分析论述，图文结合。（3） 设计要求 主要任务：学生应在教师指导下独立完成一项给定的设计任务，编写符合要求的设计说明书，正确运用PRO-E软件来建模并绘制机械工程图纸，独立撰写一份毕业论文。 知识要求：学生在毕业设计工作中，应综合运用多学科的理论、知识与技能，分析与解决工程问题。通过学习、钻研与实践，深化理论认识、扩展知识领域、延伸专业技能。 能力培养要求：学生应学会依据技术课题任务，完成资料的调研、收集、加工与整理，正确使用工具书；培养学生掌握有关工程设计的程序、方法与技术规范，提高工程设计计算、图纸绘制、编写技术文件的能力；培养学生运用掌握的信息和技术资料独立撰写科技论文的能力；锻炼学生分析与解决工程实际问题的能力；锻炼学生运用计算机软件的能力。 综合素质要求：通过毕业设计或撰写论文，学生应掌握正确的设计思想，牢固树立技术、生产和成本的和谐统一意识；培养学生严肃认真的科学态度和严谨求实的工作作风。 具体要求：凡给定的设计内容，包括说明书、计算书、图纸等必须完整，不得有未完的部分，不应出现缺页、少图纸现象。1） 对设计的全部内容，包括设计计算、机械构造、工作原理等，均有清晰的了解。对设计过程、计算步骤有明确的概念，能用图纸完整的表达机械结构与工艺要求，有比较熟练的认识图纸能力。2） 说明书、计算书内容要精练，表述要清楚，取材合理，取值合适，设计计算步骤正确，数学计算准确，各项说明要有依据，插图、表格及字迹均应工整、清楚，不得随意涂改。制图要符合机械制图标准，且清洁整齐。3） 对国内外岩心钻机情况有一定的了解，对液压动力头及具体结构有较充分的分析和比较。4） 其他各项应符合本资料有关部分提出的要求。3、毕业设计成果要求（包括图表、实物等硬件要求）： 计算说明书一份 内容包括：设计任务要求的选型、设计计算内容、毕业实习报告等。作到内容完整，论证充分（包括经济性论证），字迹清楚，插图和表格正规（分别进行统一编号）、批准，字数要求不少于2万字；撰写中英文摘要、不少于3000字的英文译稿；要求学生应用计算机进行设计、计算与绘图。 图纸一套1） 液压动力头装配图一张（0号）2） 动力头箱体图一张（1号）3） 所有零件图4、主要参考文献：1 钻探设备.杨惠民主编.北京：中国地质出版社2 钻机设计. 冯德强主编. 中国地质出版社3 非金属钻探技术金希华等编著。地质出版社4 煤田钻探工程 第九分册中国煤田地质总局编著地质出版社5 机械设计.董刚、李建功主编.机械工业出版社6 机械设计手册.化学工业出版社（5册）7 多工艺空气钻探.M.A.谷秀建斯基主编。5、本毕业设计（论文）课题工作进度计划：起 迄 日 期工 作 内 容2013.3.11-2013.3.222012.3.23-2013.4.62013.4.7-2013.4.192013.4.20-2013.5.102013.5.11-2013.5.252013.5.26-2013.6.82013.6.8-2012.3.152013.6.16-2013.6.21熟悉整理资料（12天）方案选择及总体设计计算（15天）绘制总图（12天）液压动力头设计及图样绘制（20天）卡盘设计及图样绘制（15天）零件图绘制（14天）准备论文及答辩教研室审查意见：教研室主任签字： 年 月 日系审查意见： 系主任签字： 年 月 日河北建筑工程学院毕业设计（论文）任务书课题名称DY-1000岩心钻机液压动力头设 计 系： 机械工程系 专业： 机械设计制造及其制动化 班级： 机093 姓名： 段越威 学号： 2009307313 起迄日期： 2013年3月11日2013年6月21日 设计（论文）地点: A10 指导教师： 孙长山 辅导教师： 发任务书日期：2013年3月8日河北建筑工程学院毕业设计（论文）开题报告课题名称DY-1000岩心钻机液压动力头设 计系 别： 机械工程系 专 业： 机械设计制造及其自动化 班 级： 机093 学生姓名： 段越威 学 号： 2009307313 指导教师： 孙长山 课题来源DY-1000岩心钻机液压动力头设计课题类别毕业论文一、 论文资料的准备1.选题背景全液压动力头岩心钻机是现今较为先进的岩心钻机,在国外发达国家它已逐渐替代立轴钻机成为地质勘探的主流设备。二十世纪七八十年代我国部分科研院所也曾进行过全液压岩心钻机的设计，并制造出样机，但由于当时的工业制造基础较差，液压元件质量性能不过关，导致钻机性能不稳，渗油漏油现象严重，故障率高，维修困难，全液压岩心钻机最终没有得到全面推广使用。 时至今日，随着改革开放后外资企业涌入，独资合资企业在全国各地的纷纷建立， 我国生产制造液压元件的技术水平也大幅提高，在国内生产的液压元件中就有很多是国际知名品牌，质量性能完全能满足钻机使用工况，目前在国内选择到可靠的液压元件已不成问题。 在此工业基础条件下，在国家提高地质装备水平政策的引导下，在各地地质装备专项资金的扶持下，经过近几年的蓬勃快速发展，目前，国内生产全液压动力头岩心钻机的单位已有二十几家，并初具规模。在国内市场上该类钻机已经由进口为主逐渐转变为国产钻机占据大半江山。在国内众多专家及研制单位的积极推动下，加之国产钻机克服了一些进口钻机售价高、使用成本高、售后服务周期长等弊端，用户也逐渐认识到该类钻机的突出优势。同时部分厂家生产的全液压动力头岩心钻机已经走出国门，出口到多个国家。现在全液压动力头岩心钻机市场需求趋于平稳。2. DY系列全液压动力头式岩心钻机的特点全液压动力头式岩心钻机之所以能成为岩心钻机的发展方向，是因为其与机械立轴式岩心钻机相比具有以下显著优点：一是给进行程长，能达到3.5m，是机械立轴式钻机给进行程的6-7倍，一次给进就可打满3m长的岩心内管，不用频繁倒杆，避免钻进过程中可能造成的岩心断裂、岩心堵塞等事故；二是便于斜孔施工，施工效率高；三是卷扬机布置灵活、排绳方便；四是塔机一体，安装、搬家快速方便。该型钻机的缺点是设备购置成本高（相对于立轴钻机而言），液压控制系统复杂，易出现渗油漏油故障，机台一般维修人员难以胜任维修工作。国内企业研发的全液压动力头岩心钻机，虽然结构各具特色，但其基本功用都能满足钻探工艺要求，总体结构大致相似，都具有全液压动力头式岩心钻机共有的特点。有的企业开发全液压动力头式岩心钻机是从仿制国外产品开始的，起点相对较高；有的企业则是根据钻探施工的要求走自主创新的路子，边生产推广边完善设计!DY系列全液压动力头岩心钻机属自主研发的产品，设计时充分考虑了国内钻探施工的实际，尊重钻探技术工人现有的操作习惯，钻机的结构新颖，钻机性能参数先进合理，并有多项技术获国家专利.钻机质量可靠，性能稳定，外形美观,性价比高，得到用户的广泛认可。DY系列钻机除具有全液压动力头钻机共有的特点，如采用全液压驱动，所有执行机构均可实现无级调速；动力头变速箱与钻塔装为一体，便于斜孔施工。此外还具有以下特点：(1)为便于斜孔施工，钻机具有钻塔滑移触地功能!施工斜孔时钻塔要倾斜一定角度，位于钻塔底座上的夹持器也随之上升一定高度，不方便起下钻操作!为方便施工，将整个钻塔安装在可调节倾角的滑架上，当滑架带动钻塔倾斜到规定角度后，触地油缸推动钻塔在滑架上下移，直至钻塔底座触及地面，再将钻塔用螺栓紧固在滑架上!这样进行斜孔施工时，操作夹持器就非常方便了! （2）钻机采用自行设计的液压卡盘和液压夹持器，结构合理，性能可靠，维护方便。液压卡盘采用液压夹紧液压松开机构，使用硬质合金卡瓦，夹紧力大，工作可靠。液压夹持器采用液压油缸做动力，操作省力，夹紧松开卡瓦动作迅速，夹持可靠，获国家实用新型专利。(3）动力头变速箱设有2挡机械变速，增大了钻机变速范围!动力头变速箱结构紧凑，易损件少，使用变量液压马达驱动，采用恒扭矩$恒功率调速方式，动力头输出转速可连续无级调节，调速范围广， 适用于金刚石绳索取心、冲击回转等多种钻探工艺的需要。为增强提钻的方便性，钻机动力头变速箱在提钻时要让开孔口位置。其让开孔位的方式是：松开机械锁紧装置，用侧移油缸推动其移动到侧面。提钻完成后再用侧移油缸拉动其复位，然后锁紧机械装置再开始工作!该机构操作便捷、省力、安 全， 稳定性好，在斜孔施工时，其实用性尤为突出。 钻机动力头在钻塔上的移动采用导轨、滑板结构方式，刚性大，对动力头的导向性好，滑板与导轨的间隙可以调节，磨损后可以补偿、更换，动力头式变速箱的设计获国家实用新型专利。 （4）钻机附件简单实用，质量轻，便于搬迁!钻机配备的附件有：钻机底梁和钻杆架!为缩减机台铺设时间，钻机配有钻机底梁。在钻孔位置平整场地修筑地基完成后，将钻机底梁放在地基上，然后将钻机安放到钻机底梁上，用螺栓紧固为一体，可快速完成钻机底梁的铺设和钻机安装到位，节省辅助 工作时间。为减轻起下钻时的劳动强度，为钻机配备了钻杆架!起钻时，将卸下的钻杆立根下端抬到钻杆架滑车上，松开卷扬机，滑车会在立根自重的作用下在钻杆架导轨上滑移，钻杆也随之边滑移边下 降放平，摘下提引器后将钻杆立根抬起摆放在钻杆架内，即完成一个立根的提升摆放!有了钻杆架滑车的帮助，缩短了抬钻杆时间，减轻了工人劳动强度。（5）钻机结构新颖；整体布局合理，解体性好，部件质量轻，搬迁运输方便!特别是分体式岩心钻机将液压动力站与钻机分装在不同的底盘上， 部件布局更加灵活。钻机部分装有主卷扬机、绳索取心绞车、钻塔、动力头变速箱、操作台、阀组箱、夹持器等部件；液压动力站部分装有电机、油泵、油箱、冷却器、电控柜等部件，两者用液压快速接头和针式电缆接头连接。3. DY系列全液压动力头式岩心钻机的结构和组成部件DY系列各种型号的全液压动力头式岩心钻机性能参数虽有区别，但钻机结构和组成部件大致相 同。该系列钻机主要由钻机底盘、钻塔、主卷扬机、绳索取心绞车、液压动力站、操作台液压管线、动力头变速箱等部件组成。3.1底盘底盘是承载钻机各组成部件的结构件，是由型材焊接而成!底盘按结构分可分为整体式和分体式两种。整体式底盘钻机所有部件都装在同一底盘上，一同运输搬迁，可加装拖轮拖行。履带式钻机的底盘也属于整体式。 分体式底盘是将液压动力站部分和钻机部分分装在两个底盘上，两者间动力传动和控制是通过装有快速接头的液压胶管和电缆来完成，便于拆卸。分体式底盘中的两个底盘都装有拖轮，钻机在工地上搬迁移位时，可使用其他车辆牵引移位。钻机底盘上安装有丝杠式千斤顶，可以很方便的升降，便于车轮的安装或拆卸。施工时拆除车轮，把钻机底盘坐在钻机底梁上固定即可。钻机动力站在施工时不用拆卸拖轮，用千斤顶顶起底盘使拖轮离开地面即可工作。 3.2钻塔 采用桅杆式钻塔，由矩形方管焊接而成，装在滑架上，分为上下两节可折叠。其主要功用是配合卷扬机完成起吊钻具、取心等工作。钻塔主要由支架、底座、滑架、下塔身、导轨、上塔身、天车、游动滑车、起塔油缸、伸缩式支撑杆等组成，钻塔采用液压油缸控制起落。 动力头移动导轨用螺钉和销钉固定在下塔身上，下塔身通过支架、滑架、起塔油缸、伸缩式支撑杆与钻机底盘连接。通过调整支撑杆的长度，可使钻塔45-90之间用机械方法固定。钻塔在滑架上能整体滑移，具有触地功能，方便斜孔施工。钻塔有效高度9m，可升6m的钻杆。钻具较轻时可使用单绳升降钻具，在钻具较重时可利用游动滑车使用双绳升降钻具。3.3主卷扬机 钻机的主卷扬机由卷筒、支架、液压马达、减速器、制动器等组成。液压马达为定量斜轴式柱塞马达，通过行星减速器带动卷筒正转或反转用于升降钻具。主卷扬机设有液压平衡阀和液压制动器双重制动装置，升降钻具平稳，制动可靠。升降速度可无级调速。 3.4液压动力站钻机的液压动力站是该系列钻机的核心部件，它主要由电动机、液压油泵、油箱、冷却器、液压控制阀、电气柜等组成。 该动力站2个液压油泵，分为主泵和副泵。由于主泵和动力头液压马达都是液控变量， 通过调 节控制压力的大小，可以无级改变主泵和动力头液压马达的排量大小，从而实现动力头转速的无级调速和恒扭矩、恒功率的扭矩输出。结合动力头变速箱的二级机械变速，使动力头的输出转速和扭矩范围宽变化较大，能适应多种不同钻进工艺的要求。改变主泵的排量也实现了对主卷扬机、液压绞车、给进油缸等机构的无级调速。3.5 操作台钻机的操作台主要由操作台体、电控箱、液压阀、压力表、电流表、电压表、转速表、泥浆泵压力表等组成。电控箱通过动力站的电器柜，控制主泵电机、副泵电机、冷却器电机、泥浆泵电机的启动和关闭。压力表用来显示各液压油泵的工作压力、先导系统的压力、给进油缸的加压力或减压力，反映钻机液压系统各部分工作压力的状态。电流表和电压表显示主泵电机的工作电流和工作电压，反映钻机运转负荷的状态。转速表显示动力头回转输出转速，泥浆泵压力表显示泥浆泵的工作压力。3.6动力头钻机的动力头主要由变速箱、液压马达、液压卡盘等组成，是钻机的回转机构。其变速箱具有2挡机械变速， 因而有2组不同的输出转速和输出扭矩。液压马达与变速箱的输入轴连接，通过改变马达的排量可以改变马达的输出转速!变速箱的输出轴为空心轴，称为芯管，内部可以通过钻杆，芯管的上端装有液压卡盘，用以卡紧或松开钻杆!卡盘的夹持力可以根据需要在一定范围内进行调节，可有效地避免打滑现象和提高卡瓦的使用寿命!变速箱的输出转速和扭矩通过卡盘传递给钻杆，带动钻杆回转钻进。松开动力头变速箱紧固螺栓后，动力头变速箱在液压油缸的推动下能整体侧移，让开孔口位置，便于起大钻，非常便于斜孔施工。二、本课题的目的（重点及拟解决的关键问题）1）进行岩心钻机液压动力头的设计首先要求我们学会综合运用“机械设计”课程及其他所修相关课程理论知识和生产实际知识解决过程实际问题的能力，并通过实际设计训练使所学理论知识得以巩固和提高。2）通过岩心钻机液压动力头的设计，我们要学会学习和掌握一般钻机设计的基本方法和程序、培养独立设计能力，为将来的学习和实际工作打下良好的基础。3）通过岩心钻机液压动力头的设计，还可以增，强我们进行机械设计工作基本技能的能力，包括：设计计算、绘图、查阅和使用规范、手册、图册等相关资料。三、主要内容、研究方法、研究思路1、主要内容：（1）对全液压岩心钻机进行初步了解。熟知岩心钻机发展的一般情况、钻机的特点及设计要求以及钻机的“三化“原则等。 （2）对全液压岩心钻机进行总体的设计，对其整体参数进行规划，学习其工作的主要原理以及其主要部件的功能和作用。（3）对给进机构进行分析、设计和选择，对给进机构的液压缸进行设计选择并熟知其整个工作过程及原理。（4）对全液压岩心钻机的钻塔进行设计和校核。包括钻塔及升降工具、塔身强度稳定性及刚度验算及校核等。（5）对卡盘的功能与结构进行分析，保证其在整机上准确的安装于满足其功能。（6）对动力头进行设计计算，主要包括动力头的的主要作用和功能，变速箱的总体设计、变速箱传动齿轮的选取及校核、变速箱传动轴及轴承的选取和校核以及动力头的泵和电机的选择等。2、研究方法：1)认真学习和参考已有资料，并适当与实际相结合，2认真查询和使用正确的标准和规范。3）学会使用计算机进行辅助设计，比如：计算机辅助计算、计算机绘图等。3、研究思路：设计过程要独立思考、精益求精、学会理论联系实际，把握总体设计进度，每一个阶段的设计都要认真检查，避免出现重大失误而影响下一阶段的工作。四、总体安排和进度（包括阶段性工作内容及完成日期）2013.3.11-2013.3.22 熟悉整理资料（12天） 2013.3.23-2013.4.06 方案选择及总体设计计算（15天） 2013.4.07-2013.4.19 确定计算草图（12天） 2013.4.20-2013.5.10 完成相关的分析、计算（20天） 2013.5.11-2013.5.25 完成设计图纸（15天） 2013.5.26-2013.6.08 完成毕业设计说明书（14天） 2013.6.09-2013.6.15 准备论文及答辩（7天）2013.6.16-2013.6.21 成果修改上交（6天）五、主要参考文献【1】 王嘉.冷冲模设计与制造实例 北京：机械工业出版社，2009.【2】 柯旭贵.冲压工艺与模具设计 北京：机械工业出版社，2012.【3】 王新华.简明冲模设计手册 北京：机械工业出版社，2008.【4】 王芳.冷冲压模具设计指导 北京：机械工业出版社，1999.【5】 濮良贵.机械设计（第八版） 北京：高等教育出版社，2006.【6】 周宏甫.机械制造技术基础 北京：高等教育出版社，2010.【7】 叶邦彦.机械工程英语 北京：机械工业出版社，2005.【8】 Arley.朗文英汉双解词典 外语教学与研究出版社，2002【9】 王伯平.互换性与测量技术基础 北京：机械工业出版社，2008【10】 朱辉. 画法几何及工程制图 上海：上海科学技术出版社，2007.指导教师意见： 指导教师签名： 日期：教研室意见：教研室主任签名： 日期：系意见： 系领导签名： 日期：系盖章课题来源：导师课题、社会实践、自选、其他课题类别：工程设计、施工技术、新品开发、软件开发、科学实验、毕业论文。摘要全液压岩心钻机是一种新型钻机，是在吸取了立轴式岩心和转盘式岩心钻机结构的优点基础上发展起来的。目前已生产出的全液压岩心钻机的主要优点是：给进行程长，可缩短钻进过程的辅助时间，有利于减少孔内事故；动力头上下移动是沿刚性较大的滑道进行的，所以导向、定向性好，旋转平稳；钻机升降机构与给进机构合一，动力头与孔口夹持器配合可实现拧卸钻具，此种结构简化了钻机的结构及配套装置。全液压岩心钻机还具有无极调速、调速范围大、过载保护性能好，能实现自动化、远距离自动控制等优点。但全液压岩心钻机消耗功率较大，传动效率低，可拆性差，液压元件要求精度高，保养维修方便。本钻机准备在钻进时，通过底座上活塞杆将平放于底座上的工作机构旋转90，撑开液压支腿，并将其调整平稳可靠，此时可钻垂直孔。钻头安装等工作完成后，接通电源。此时，将卡盘夹紧钻杆，夹持器处于松开状态。动力头将动力输出，经液压系统带动液压马达旋转，马达输出轴于变速箱齿轮轴联接，将动力传到空心输出轴。空心轴带动联接的卡盘同速旋转，从而钻杆回转。加之液压给进机构调节适当压力使钻头完成钻进工作关键词：全液压 岩心钻机 动力头AbstractHydraulic core drilling rig is a new rig, absorb the vertical shaft in the core and rotary core drilling rig structure developed on the basis of merit. Has produced a hydraulic core drill main advantages are: to be a long process, can reduce the auxiliary time during drilling, the hole will help to reduce accidents; power head to move along the slide to the more rigid, so oriented, good orientation, rotation, smooth; drill down into the agencies and institutions to one, the power head and the orifice holder can be achieved with the drilling screw unloading, this structure simplifies the structure of the rig and ancillary equipment. Hydraulic core drill also has a step less, speed range, overload performance, can be automated, remote automatic control and so on. However, hydraulic core drill a larger power consumption, transmission efficiency is low, removable poor, the high accuracy of hydraulic components, easy maintenance.The drilling rig ready when the piston rod through the base will be flat on the base of the working bodies of rotation 90 , softened hydraulic legs, and adjust the smooth and reliable, then you can drill vertical holes. Drill installation is completed, power. At this point, the drill chuck clamping, gripping is in release state. Power output of the power head, the hydraulic system driven by hydraulic motor rotates the motor output shaft in the gear shaft, the gearbox, the power to the hollow output shaft. Hollow shaft connected to drive rotation of the chuck at the same speed, thus rotating drill pipe. Coupled into the body adjust to the appropriate hydraulic pressure to complete drilling work drillKeywords: hydraulic core drill the power head目录第1章 绪论11.1 钻机发展的一般情况1 1.2 钻机特点及设计要求1 1.3 钻机的“三化”原则3第2章 总体设计5 2.1 概述5 2.2 总体参数5 2.3 工作原理及主要部6第3章 卡盘设计9 3.1 卡盘结构简介9 3.2 基本参数的确定10第4章 动力头的设计计算12 4.1 概述12 4.2 变速箱的总体设计13 4.3 变速箱传动齿轮的设计计算154.4 变速箱传动轴的设计计算264.5 动力头的泵及电机的选择44第5章 给进机构的设计计算465.1 液压给进机构的分析、选择465.2 给进液压缸的设计计算的选择48第6 钻塔的设计及校核556.1 钻塔及升降工具556.2 塔身的强度、稳定性及刚度验算62第7章 毕业设计小节65参考文献66河北建筑工程学院毕业设计（论文）外文资料翻译 系别： 机械工程系 专业： 机械设计制造及其自动化 班级： 机093班 姓名： 段越威 学号： 2009307313 外文出处： Basic Automation 附 件：1、外文原文；2、外文资料翻译译文。指导教师评语：签字： 年 月 日注：请将该封面与附件装订成册。1、 外文原文Mold design and manufactureThe mold is the manufacturing industry important craft foundation, in our country, the mold manufacture belongs to the special purpose equipment manufacturing industry. China although very already starts to make the mold and the use mold, but long-term has not formed the industry. Straight stabs 0 centuries 80s later periods, the Chinese mold industry only then drives into the development speedway. Recent years, not only the state-owned mold enterprise had the very big development, the three investments enterprise, the villages and towns (individual) the mold enterprises development also quite rapid .Although the Chinese mold industrial development rapid, but compares with the demand, obviously falls short of demand, its main gap concentrates precisely to, large-scale, is complex, the long life mold domain. As a result of in aspect and so on mold precision, life, manufacture cycle and productivity, China and the international average horizontal and the developed country still had a bigger disparity, therefore, needed massively to import the mold every year .The Chinese mold industry except must continue to sharpen the productivity, from now on will have emphatically to the profession internal structure adjustment and the state-of-art enhancement. The structure adjustment aspect, mainly is the enterprise structure to the specialized adjustment, the product structure to center the upscale mold development, to the import and export structure improvement, center the upscale automobile cover mold forming analysis and the structure improvement, the multi-purpose compound mold and the compound processing and the laser technology in the mold design manufacture application, the high-speed cutting, the superfinishing and polished the technology, the information direction develops .The recent years, the mold profession structure adjustment and the organizational reform step enlarges, mainly displayed in, large-scale, precise, was complex, the long life, center the upscale mold and the mold standard letter development speed is higher than the common mold product; The plastic mold and the compression casting mold proportion increases; Specialized mold factory quantity and its productivity increase; The three investments and the private enterprise develops rapidly; The joint stock system transformation step speeds up and so on. Distributes from the area looked, take Zhujiang Delta and Yangtze River delta as central southeast coastal area development quickly to mid-west area, south development quickly to north. At present develops quickest, the mold produces the most centralized province is Guangdong and Zhejiang, places such as Jiangsu, Shanghai, Anhui and Shandong also has a bigger development in recent years .Although our country mold total quantity had at present achieved the suitable scale, the mold level also has the very big enhancement, after but design manufacture horizontal overall rise and fall industry developed country and so on Yu De, America, date, France, Italy many. The current existence question and the disparity mainly display in following several aspects:(1) The total quantity falls short of demand Domestic mold assembling oneself rate only ,about 70%. Low-grade mold , center upscale mold assembling oneself rate only has 50% about .(2) The enterprise organizational structure, the product structure, the technical structure and the import and export structure does not gatherIin our country mold production factory to be most is from the labor mold workshop which produces assembles oneself (branch factory), from produces assembles oneself the proportion to reach as high as about 60%, but the overseas mold ultra 70% is the commodity mold. The specialized mold factory mostly is large and complete, small and entire organization form, but overseas mostly is small but, is specially small and fine. Domestic large-scale, precise, complex, the long life mold accounts for the total quantity proportion to be insufficient 30%, but overseas in 50% above 2004 years, ratio of the mold import and export is 3.7:1, the import and export balances the after net import volume to amount to 1.32 billion US dollars, is world mold net import quantity biggest country .(3) The mold product level greatly is lower than the international standardThe production cycle actually is higher than the international water broad product level low mainly to display in the mold precision, cavity aspect and so on surface roughness, life and structure .(4) Develops the ability badly, economic efficiency unsatisfactory our country mold enterprise technical personnel proportion lowThe level is lower, also does not take the product development, frequently is in the passive position in the market. Our country each mold staff average year creation output value approximately ,ten thousand US dollars, overseas mold industry developed country mostly 15 to10,000 US dollars, some reach as high as 25 to10,000 US dollars, relative is our country quite part of molds enterprises also continues to use the workshop type management with it, truly realizes the enterprise which the modernized enterprise manages few To create the above disparity the reason to be very many, the mold long-term has not obtained the value besides the history in as the product which should have, as well as the most state-owned enterprises mechanism cannot adapt the market economy, but also has the following several reasons: .(1) Country to mold industry policy support dynamics also insufficientlyAlthough the country already was clear about has promulgated the mold profession industrial policy, but necessary policy few, carried out dynamics to be weak. At present enjoyed the mold product increment duty enterprise nation 185, the majority enterprise still the tax burden is only overweight. The mold enterprise carries on the technological transformations introduction equipment to have to pay the considerable amount the tax money, affects the technology advancement, moreover privately operated enterprise loan extremely difficult .(2) Talented person serious insufficient, the scientific research development and the technical attack investment too urine Mold profession is the technology, the fund, the work crowded industry, along with the time progress and the technical development, grasps the talented person which and skilled utilizes the new technology exceptionally short, the high-quality mold fitter and the enterprise management talent extremely is also anxious. Because the mold enterprise benefit unsatisfactory and takes insufficiently the scientific research development and the technical attack, the scientific research unit and the universities, colleges and institutes eye stares at is creating income, causes the mold profession invests too few in the scientific research development and the technical attack aspect, causes the mold technological development step not to be big, progresses not quick .(3) The craft equipment level to be low, also necessary is not good, the use factor low recent years our country engine bed profession progressed quickly, has been able to provide the quite complete precision work equipment, but compared with the overseas equipment, still had a bigger disparity. Although the domestic many enterprises have introduced many overseas advanced equipment, but the overall equipment level low are very more than the overseas many enterprises. As a result of aspect the and so on system and fund reason, introduces the equipment not not necessary, the equipment and the appendix not necessary phenomenon are extremely common, the equipment utilization rate low question cannot obtain the comparatively properly solution for a long time .(4) Specialization, standardization, commercialized degree low, the cooperation ability Because receives large and complete small and entire the influence since long ago, mold specialization level low, the specialized labor division is not careful, the commercialized degree is low. At present domestic every year produces mold, commodity mold minister 40% About, other for from produce uses for oneself. Between the mold enterprise cooperates impeded, completes the comparatively large-scale mold complete task with difficulty. Mold standardization level low, mold standard letter use cave rare is low also to the mold quality, the cost has a more tremendous influence, specially has very tremendous influence .(5) To the mold manufacture cycle) the mold material and the mold correlation technology falls The mold material performance, the quality and the variety question often can affect the mold quality, the life and the cost, the domestically produced molding tool steel and overseas imports the steel products to compare has a bigger disparity. Plastic, plate, equipment energy balance, also direct influence mold level enhancement .At present, our country economy still was at the high speed development phase, on the international economical globalization development tendency is day by day obvious, this has provided the good condition and the opportunity for the our country mold industry high speed development. On the one hand, the domestic mold market will continue high speed to develop, on the other hand, the mold manufacture also gradually will shift as well as the transnational group to our country carries on the mold purchase trend to our country extremely to be also obvious. Therefore, will take a broad view the future, international, the domestic mold market overall development tendency prospect will favor, estimated the Chinese mold will obtain the high speed development under the good market environment, our country not only can become the mold great nation, moreover certainly gradually will make the powerful nation to the mold the ranks to make great strides forward. 15 period, the Chinese mold industry level not only has the very big enhancement in the quantity and the archery target aspect, moreover the profession structure, the product level, the development innovation ability, enterprises system and the mechanism as well as the technology advancement aspect also can obtain a bigger development .The mold technology has gathered the machinery, the electron, chemistry, optics, the material, the computer, the precise monitor and the information network and so on many disciplines, is a comprehensive nature multi-disciplinary systems engineering. The mold technology development tendency mainly is the mold product to larger-scale, preciser, more complex and a more economical direction develops, the mold product technical content unceasingly enhances, the mold manufacture cycle unceasingly reduces, the mold production faces the information, is not having the chart, is fine, the automated direction develops, the mold enterprise to the technical integration, the equipment excellent, is producing approves the brand, the management information, the management internationalization direction develops. Our country mold profession still will have to enhance from now on the general character technology had :(1) To establish in the CAD/CAE platform the advanced mold design technology, enhances modernization which the mold designed, information, intellectualization, standardized level .(2) Establishes in the CAM/CAPP foundation the advanced mold processing technology and the advanced manufacture technology unifies, raises the automated level and the production efficiency which the mold processes .(3) The mold production enterprises information management technology. For example PDM (product data management), ERP (enterprise resource management), MIS (mold manufacture management information system) and information network technology the and so on INTERMET platform application, the promotion and the development .(4) Are high speed, Gao Jing, the compound mold processing technology research and the application. For example the ultra fine ramming mold manufacture technology, the precise plastic and the compression casting mold manufacture technology and so on .(5) Enhances the mold production efficiency, reduces the cost and reduces the mold production cycle each kind of fast economical mold manufacture technology .(6) The advanced manufacture technology application. For example hot technology and so on flow channel technology, gas auxiliary technology, hypothesized technology, nanotechnology, rapid scanning technology, reversion project, parallel project in the mold research, the development, the processing process application .(7) The raw material the simulation technology which forms in the mold .(8) The advanced mold processing and the appropriation equipment research and the development .(9) The mold and the mold standard letter, the important auxiliary standardized technology .(10) The mold and its the product examination technology.(11) High quality, the new mold material research and the development and its the correct application .(12) The mold production enterprises modern management technology Mold profession in 十15 period needs to solve the key essential technology should be the mold information, the digitized technology and precise, ultra fine, high speed, the highly effective manufacture technology aspect breakthrough Along with the national economy total quantity and the industry product technology unceasing development, all the various trades and occupations to the mold demand quantity more and more big, the specification more and more is also high.Although mold type many, but its development should be with emphasis both can meet the massive needs, and has the comparatively high-tech content, specially at present domestic still could not be self-sufficient, needs the massive imports the mold and can represent the development direction large-scale, precise, is complex, the long life mold. The mold standard letter type, the quantity, the level, the production a and so on have the significant influence to the entire mold profession development. Therefore, some important mold standard letters also must the prioritize, moreover its development speed should quickly to the mold development speed, like this be able unceasingly to raise our country mold standardization level, thus improves the mold quality, reduces the mold production cycle, reduces the cost. Because our country mold product holds the bigger price superiority in the international market, therefore regarding the exportation prospect good mold product also should take key develops. According to the above required quantity big, the technical content is high, represents the development direction, the export prospect good principle choice prioritize product, moreover chooses the product to have at present to have the certain technology base, belongs has the condition, has the product which the possibility develops .According to 十15 the mold profession development plan, 十15 the period mold product development mainly has following several kind of the automobile cover mold (1)Ramming mold to occupy The mold total quantity dish with emphasis above 40%. Automobile cover mold mainly for automobile necessary, also includes for the agriculture with the vehicle, the project machinery and the farm machinery necessary cover mold, it has the very big representation in the ramming mold, the mold mostly is large and middle scale, structure complex, the specification is high. For the passenger vehicle necessary cover mold, the request is in particular higher, may represent the ramming mold the level. This kind of mold our country had the certain technology base, already for middle-grade passenger vehicle necessary, but the level is not high, the ability is insufficient, at present satisfying rate only has one about the half. Center the upscale passenger vehicle cover mold main dependence import, has become the bottleneck which the automobile develops, enormous influence vehicle type development .(2)The precise ramming mold Multi- locations level was entering the mold and fine represents the ramming mold development direction, the precision request life request has been extremely high, mainly for the electronics industry, the automobile, the instrument measuring appliance, the electrical machinery electric appliance and so on formed a complete set. These two kind of molds, domestic had the suitable foundation, and has introduced the overseas technology and the equipment, the individual enterprise produces the product has achieved the world level, but the majority of enterprises still had a bigger disparity, the supply total quantity insufficient, the import were very many (3) The large-scale precise plastic mold Plastic mold accounts for the mold total quantity 10%, moreover this proportion also is rising. In the plastic mold necessary large-scale casts the mold for the automobile and the electrical appliances, necessary models for the integrated circuit seals the mold, for the electronic information industry and the machinery and the packing necessary multilayer, the multi- cavities, the multi- material qualities, the multicolor precise note , and saves water the agricultural necessary plastic different molding for the new building materials to squeeze out the mold and the pipeline and the nozzle mold and so on, at present although had the suitable technology base and fast is developing, but the technical level and overseas still had a bigger disparity, the total quantity falls short of demand, Every year import amount reaches several hundred million US dollar.(4) The main mold standard to imitatee At present domestically to have an greater output the mold standard letter mainly is the mold frame, the guidance, the throwout lever pushes the tube, the elastic part and so on. These products not only the domestic necessary massive need, the exportation prospect very is also good, should continue vigorously to develop. The nitrogen cylinder and the hot flow channel part main dependence import, should raise the level in the existing foundation, forms the standard and organization scale production.(5) The other high-tech content molds Occupiesin the mold total quantity green 8% compression casting mold, large-scale thin wall precise compression casting technology content high, the difficulty is big. The magnesium alloy compression casting mold at present although just started, but the prospects for development were good, have the representation. The meridian rubber tire mold also is the development direction, detachable mold technology difficulty is biggest. With fast takes shape some fast pattern making technologies and the corresponding fast economical mold which the technology unifies has the very good prospects for development. These high-tech content molds in 十15 period also should the prioritize .2、 外文资料翻译译文模具设计与制造模具是制造业的重要工艺基础，在我国，模具制造属于专用设备制造业。中国虽然很早就开始制造模具和使用模具，但长期未形成产业。直到20世纪80年代后期，中国模具工业才驶入发展的快车道。近年，不仅国有模具企业有了很大发展，三资企业、乡镇（个体）模具企业的发展也相当迅速。 虽然中国模具工业发展迅速，但与需求相比，显然供不应求，其主要缺口集中于精密、大型、复杂、长寿命模具领域。由于在模具精度、寿命、制造周期及生产能力等方面，中国与国际平均水平和发达国家仍有较大差距，因此，每年需要大量进口模具。 中国模具产业除了要继续提高生产能力，今后更要着重于行业内部结构的调整和技术发展水平的提高。结构调整方面，主要是企业结构向专业化调整，产品结构向着中高档模具发展，向进出口结构的改进，中高档汽车覆盖件模具成形分析及结构改进、多功能复合模具和复合加工及激光技术在模具设计制造上的应用、高速切削、超精加工及抛光技术、信息化方向发展。 近年，模具行业结构调整和体制改革步伐加大，主要表现在，大型、精密、复杂、长寿命、中高档模具及模具标准件发展速度高于一般模具产品；塑料模和压铸模比例增大；专业模具厂数量及其生产能力增加；“三资”及私营企业发展迅速；股份制改造步伐加快等。从地区分布来看，以珠江三角洲和长江三角洲为中心的东南沿海地区发展快于中西部地区，南方的发展快于北方。目前发展最快、模具生产最为集中的省份是广东和浙江，江苏、上海、安徽和山东等地近几年也有较大发展。 虽然我国模具总量目前已达到相当规模，模具水平也有很大提高，但设计制造水平总体上落后于德、美、日、法、意等工业发达国家许多。当前存在的问题和差距主要表现在以下几方面：（1）总量供不应求 国内模具自配率只有70%左右。其中低档模具供过于求，中高档模具自配率只有50%左右。 （2）企业组织结构、产品结构、技术结构和进出口结构均不合理 我国模具生产厂中多数是自产自配的工模具车间（分厂），自产自配比例高达60%左右，而国外模具超过70%属商品模具。专业模具厂大多是“大而全”、“小而全”的组织形式，而国外大多是“小而专”、“小而精”。国内大型、精密、复杂、长寿命的模具占总量比例不足30%，而国外在50%以上。2004年，模具进出口之比为3.7:1，进出口相抵后