名词性从句讲解与习题.doc

名词性从句 Noun Clauses在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫作名词性从句。它在复合句中能担任主语，宾语，表语，同位语，介词宾语。根据在句中的语法功能，又可称为主语从句S,宾语从句O，表语从句P和同位语从句A，都相当于名词。S：His job is important. What he does is important.P: This is his job. This is what he does everyday.O: I dont like his job. I dont like what he does everyday.A: I dont know about the man, Mr. White. I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.判断下列句子分别是什么从句：1. That the baby could speak made his parents very happy.2. I want to know whether you will go shopping or stay at home.3. This is why he was often late for school.4. We all know the truth that the earth moves around the sun.5. It is not clear whether she will attend his wedding.6. I have no idea when he will return.7. The problem is how I can get in touch with them.8. I am thinking about who will be given the job.考点归纳：一 引导词连词： if， weather（引导一般疑问句）, that（引导陈述句） 不做成分，只起连接作用。疑问代词： what, which, whose, whom, who, whatever, whichever, whomever, whoever在从句中当主语或宾语。疑问副词： where, when, why, how, whenever, wherever, however在从句中常做状语。二 语序1. 两种构成框架a. That 陈述句That light travels in straight lines is known to all.b. 疑问句 句子的剩余成分This is what we are looking for.2. 疑问词引导的从句要使用陈述句语序Eg: How was he successful is still a puzzle. How he was successful is still a puzzle. Can you tell me where he lives? Can you tell me where does he live?三 名词性从句连接词的连用1. that 和 whether或if的连用a 当从句时表述一个事实的陈述句时用that 引导That he goes the first prize in the competition is true.She sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat.The truth is that the buses will not be running.They are mad at the news that their team has won. b. 当从句时源于一个用yes或no回答的疑问句时用if，whether引导Whether the business will still be running is not clear.My question is whether you can finish the work on time.I want to know/I wonder/I an not clear/ I dont know/ I must find out/ it is not clear, certain, decided whether. that 只在宾语从句中省略。 但用it做形式主语的宾语从句不能省。 并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词that 不能省。2. that 和 what 的选用 都可引导所有的名词从句。但是，what 除了起连接作用外，还在名词从句中充当成分，可做从句的主，宾或表。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，也可引导定语从句（what不行）。 Eg: a. he wants is a book.b. he wants to go there is obvious. c. The result is he won the game. d. This is we want to know. e. Is he told us true? f. We should pay attention to the teacher is saying. g. I have no doubt he will come. h. I have no idea he did that afternoon.(What, that, that, what, what, that, what)3. if 和whether 的连用 Whether 基本通用。If 只有在宾语从句中才能连用；但在介词后的宾语从句，主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句中whether to do 和 whether or not的情况下不能用。Eg: a. I asked she had a bike. b. we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. c. We are worried about he is safe. d. I dont know he is well or not. e. I dont know or not he is well. f. The question is he should do it. g. The doctor can hardly answer the question the old man will recover soon. h. I dont know to go.4. 其他连接代词和副词的连用 主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义，正确的选择who, which, when, where, why, how等连接词，这些词既有疑问含义，又有连接作用，同时在句中还充当各种成分。Eg: a.我们（何时 何地）举行运动会还没有决定。 we shall hold our sports meeting has not decided. b. 我不知道谁打破了玻璃。I dont know broke the glass yesterday. c. 我不知道他长什么样子。I dont know he looks like. e. 这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。This is I left my glasses.(when/ where, who, what, where)四 同位语从句的引导和辨别1. 框架： n 连接词 从句2. 能接同位语从句的名词一定是抽象名词，如：face, idea,news, information, order, belief, suggestion, advice, doubt, opinion, truth, possibility, explanation.3. 连接词通常是that，也可以根据含义选用whether, what, when, where等来引导同位语从句。Eg: that/ whether/ where/ how a. I have no idea he comes from. b. He cant answer the question he got the money. c. I have no doubt that he will win. d. I have some doubt he will win.4. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别 a. 定语从句时先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的内容，that连接时充当从句的宾语成分，及宾语从句时可以省略。 b. 同位语从句对中心词的内容做进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容，that不可省。Eg: Attributive & Appositive (定&同)a. We expressed the hope that they had expressed.b. We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.c. The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university.d. The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.专项练习1. _ worries me is _ were going to pay for all this.A. It, that B. That, how C. What, howD. As, that2. Weve bought a cottage in the country for _ we retire.A. when B. if C. Since D. that3. He just does _ he pleases and never thinks about anyone else. A. that B. what C. which D. how4. It shocked me to see _ my neighbors treated their children. A. why B. whether C. how D. since5. It used to be thought _ the Earth was flat.A. as B. when C. since D. that6. He pointed to _ looked like a tree. A. that B. what C. which D. as7. His income is double _ it was five years ago.A. that B. which C. as D. what 8. I know nothing about the accident except _ I read in the paper. A. that B. for C. what D. 不填9. “I think _ he needs is more practice.” “Yes, _ he needs more practice is quite clear.”A. what, what B. that, that C. what, that D. that, what10. “Will the general manager attend the meeting?” “_ he will come wont be known _ his secretary comes.”A. That, that B. That, until C. Whether, that D. Whether, until11. “The problem is _ we are short of money.” “Yes, _ we can borrow some money from her is still a question.”A. that, that B. that, whether C. whether, that D. whether, whether15. _ is hard is to do good all ones life and never do anything bad.A. He B. It C. That D. What16. “_ made her struggle to become an artist so hard?” “_ she was a woman.”A. What