考研英语阅读新思维： 基本句型及拓展 简单句的基本句型.doc

微信扫描二维码关注启航考研（qh_kaoyan）2016考研资料分享群：248600511第四章 基本句型及其扩展 第一节 简单句的基本句型一般说来，英语句子的核心成分是主语和谓语，特别是谓语。构成主语的名词(词组)在结构上相对单一，我们已经在第一章里面谈到了名词短语的运用问题，这是理解句子主语的重要方法。构成谓语的动词词组在结构上相对复杂些，有时谓语动词可以独立做谓语，有时谓语动词必须带宾语或补语。谓语动词的类别决定着不同的谓语结构，而不同的谓语动词又决定着不同的句型。英语中的简单句可以通过增加修饰语等手段来使句子扩大，这些修饰语包括名词修饰语和动词修饰语，可以分别由名词词组、形容词词组和副词词组来担任，也可以由介词词组和非限定动词短语来担任。英语简单句的基本句型有以下7种情况。一主+谓(包括被动句)1. All the folks in the lobby were deeply moved. 大厅里所有的人都深深地感动了。2. Certain other forms of politeness should be observed as well. 某些其它形式的礼貌也应该要遵守。3. The existence of both racial and sexual discrimination in employment is well documented. 大量文献证明，就业中存在着种族和性别歧视。二主+谓+宾 4. All parents have to solve the problems of freedom and discipline. 所有的父母亲必须解决自由和纪律的问题。5. Everyone dreams of attaining success in his career. 大家都梦想着在事业上获得成功。6. Early upbringing in the home is naturally affected both by the cultural pattern of the community and by the parents capabilities. 早期的家庭教育很自然地受到该社会文化模式和父母亲能力的影响。三主+系+表 7. You are/look/seem so pretty. 你看上去如此漂亮。8. Only in that way can competition become a sensible and positive way. 只有这样，竞争才能成为一种合理的、积极的方式。9. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality. 一天禁止一件事，第二天又原谅了不是道德的基础。四主+谓+状10. We should confront hardships fearlessly and strive to overcome them. 我们应该勇敢地面对困境并努力去克服它们。11. I tried with all my might to will him to say no. 我竭尽全力来说服他说不。12. Nowadays the period of childhood tends to be extended longer, resulting in more opportunity for education and greater variety in character development. 现在儿童时期可能会持续得更长些，导致受教育的机会更多和个性发展更多样化。五主+谓+间宾+直宾 13. Computers offer consumers many conveniences. 电脑提供给消费者许多方便。14. Credit cards give their owners automatic credit on stores, restaurants, and hotels, across the country, and even abroad. 信用卡让持卡人可以在商店、饭店、宾馆、全国各地甚至国外赊购货物。六主+谓+宾+宾补 15. Some students hold it highly necessary to take a rational attitude towards Internet. 有些学生认为对互联网采取一个理性的态度是非常必要的。(形容词作宾补)16. We consider it a good opportunity to study abroad. (名词作宾补) 我们认为出国留学是个好机会。七主+谓+宾+同位语 17. Some women are normally inactive but all of a sudden start a program of intense training, an action which violates the laws of sports science. 有些女性经常不活跃，但突然开始一个高强度的训练项目，这是一项违反了体育科学规律的行动。因此，我们在分析句子的时候，应先抓住句子的主干，即主谓宾部分，就能理解句子的主要意思。然后再去分析其它的修饰成分，这些修饰成分包括定语、状语、补语，以及插入语等。18. Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. 【结构分析】全句是个被动句，over the years是个介词短语，表示“多年来”的意思，主语是tools and technology，后面接了个介词短语as a source of fundamental innovation做其后置定语，谓语部分是have largely（在很大程度上）been ignored by，后面是介词b