初中从句总结.doc

初中从句总结一、重点知识讲解目录：A、中考必考点语法系统（9项）1、状语从句专题2、宾语从句专题3、非谓语动词专题4、动词不定数专题5、反意疑问句专题6、动词汇总专题7、被动语态专题8、主谓一致原则专题9、现在完成时态专题B、做题技巧专练（如何破解中考出题者设下的陷阱3项）10、中考完形填空专练11、中考动词应用专练12、中考阅读理解专练二、知识讲解： 1.宾语从句：使用宾语从句应注意些什么一、注意引导词的正确选用用于引导宾语从句的词语有：1. 连词that, whether, if等，其中that没有任何意义，也不能做句子的任何成分，在非正式的场合常被省略；whether, if虽然不做句子的任何成分，但是它们有一定的意义，不能省略whether, ifFO。2. 连接代词 what, which, who, whatever, whichever, whoever, whom, whose等，它们均有自己独立的意思，且在宾语从句中充当一定的句子成分(主语、宾语、定语等)。3. 连接副词 when, where, how, whenever, wherever, however 等。4. 短语连接词how much, how many, how long, how often, how soon, how far 等。二、注意宾语从句的语序宾语从句跟其他从句一样，不管用什么样的引导词引导，宾语从句的语序总是用陈述语序。如：He asked where Li Lei was that morning. 他问李雷今天早晨在哪儿。I dont know what she is doing now. 我不知道她现在在干什么。三、注意宾语从句的时态当主句为一般现在时的时候，从句可根据具体情况选用各种合适的时态；当主句为一般过去时的时候，从句必须要用相应的过去时。如：Do you know why he was late this morning? 你知道他今天早晨迟到的原因吗？I dont know when he will leave for Shanghai. 我不知道他将什么时候去上海。He said that he didnt see the film last night. 他说他昨晚没看那场电影。但是，当宾语的内容表示一种永恒的客观事实或真理时，宾语从句须用一般现在时。如：The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets down in the west. 老师告诉我们说，太阳从东方升起，从西方落下。Our fathers said that practice makes perfect. 我们的父辈们说，熟能生巧。四、注意正确使用形式宾语当宾语从句后接有宾语的补足语时，则要用it做形式宾语置于宾语从句处，而将真正的宾语从句移到宾语补足语的后面。如：Do you think it possible that he will finish his task in ten minutes? 你认为他在10分钟内完成任务可能吗？五、注意宾语从句的否定问题当否定宾语从句时，一般直接对从句的谓语动词进行否定。如：I know that he wont tell a lie to us. 我知道他不会对我们说谎。He said he hadnt been to America before. 他说他以前没有去过美国。他说他以前但是，当主句的谓语动词为think, believe, suppose, imagine 等，若时态为一般现在时，谓语动词前又没有副词修饰时，宾语从句的否定应该转移到主句的谓语动词上。如：I dont think that he will come to help us today. 我想他今天不会来帮我们的忙了。2.状语从句：状语从句。连词+主语+谓语+宾语 修饰主句中的动词, 形容词和副词, 通常有从属连词引导, 按其意义和作用可分为时间, 地点, 条件, 原因, 让步, 目的, 结果, 方式, 比较.等 1. 时间状语从句: 1) 常见连词有 after, as, before, once, since, till, (not)until, when, whenever(no matter when), while, as long as, as soon as etc. 2) no soonerthan, hardly(scarcely, barely)when: 刚做就. 3) 还有 immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, the second, every time etc 2. 地点状语从句: 一般用where or wherever 引导 3. 条件状语从句:真实条件从句:if, unless, so long as, provided that, supposing that, on condition that, in the event that, in case that etc 4. 原因状语从句: 从属连词有because, as ,since, for, now, that, in that, seeing that, considering that(鉴于,由于) 5. 让步状语从句: 1): even if, though, even though, while(尽管) no matter what/how/which, however, whatever, whichever, however etc. 2) 由as 引起的让步从句, 语气较强烈,被强调的词须放在句首. 3) whetheror,不管或 6. 结果状语从句: so that, sothat, suchthat 7. 目的状语从句: so that, in order that, for fear that, lest, in case 8. 比较状语从句: 1) asas, not so/asas 2) 比较级+than, so much/a lot more than 3.定语从句：关系代词who只指人，which只指物。that既可指人又可指物。whose 后必须跟有名词，既指人，也可指物。关系词作主语时，不可省略，作宾语时可省略。whom只指人，只作宾语。关系副词where指“在那里”，when指“在那时”。注意：1. 引导定语从句的关系词有who, whom, whose, that, when, where, why and which. 在非限制定语从句中, 只可用which, who, whose, where , when., 如果指代前面整个句子, 多用which. 2. 当引导定语从句的先行词前有all, any, no, little, much, very first 等词, 或先行词前为形容词最高级所修饰时,或先行词为all, anything, nothing, something, everything 时,从句的引导词只能用that. She is a girl (who/whom/that) I know very well.That boy whose hair is very long is my brother. (所属)The girl who is tall is my sister. / I own a bike whoseprice is high.I bought a watch (which/that) I paid 100 yuan for. （指物）I prefer a place which/that is clean and quiet.I prefer a place where I can live a quiet life. （在这儿）I shall never forget the day when a boy helped me find my dog.4.wish和hope:1wish可接to do sth. /sb to do sth. /that从句.I wish to spend my summer holiday in Qingdao.中考专练宾语从句( ) 1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.A. took B. take C. takes D. will take( ) 2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou.A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had never been( ) 3 The students want to know whether they_ dictation today.A. had B. has . C. will have D. are( ) 4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some.A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may( ) 5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth.A. travelled B. has travelled C. travells D. had travelled( ) 6 Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty?A. who B. what C. when D. that( ) 7 I dont know _ they have passed the exam.A. what B. if C. when D. where( ) 8 I hardly understand._ he has told me.A. that B. what C. which D. who( ) 9 She didnt know_ back soon.A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be( ) 10 I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years.A. whether B where C. what D.when( ) 11 Do you know _ they listened to yesterday evening?A. what B when C why D how( )12 He asked me _told me the accident.A whom B which C who D whose( ) 13.Please tell me _what last year.A.where does your sister work B where did your sister work C where your sister works D where your sister worked( )14.She asked me if I knew _.A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it( ) 15 Did you know _?A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after状语从句( ) 1 The meeting didnt start_ everyone was there.A. because B. until C. why D. if( ) 2 The boy _ to bed _ his mother came in.A. went not; until B. didnt go; after C. went; until D. didnt go; until ( ) 3 I wont believe you_ I have seen it with my own eyes.A. before B. until C. after D. when( ) 4 He _ home _ she was satisfied _ his answer yesterday. A. didnt go; until; with B. wasnt go; after; to C. doesnt go; before; with D. didnt go; until; to( ) 5 He _ back until the work _ done.A. isnt; will be B. isnt; is C. wont be; will be D. wont be; is( ) 6 They didnt start the work _ their teacher came back.A. until B. while C. as soon as D. if( ) 7 Tom will call me as soon as he _ Shanghai.A. arrives B. will reach C. arrives in D. get to( )8Im sure hell come to see me before he _ Beijing.A. will leave B. is leaving C. leave D. leaves( ) 9 I will tell him the news as soon as he_ back. A. come B. comes C. will come D. came( ) 10 Tom has got a watch. He _ it for two years. It _ by his father.A. has bought; was bought B. has got; is bought ,C. was bought; has bought . D. has had; was bought ( )11 I _ you for a long time. Where _ you _?A. didnt see; did; go B. didnt see; have; goneC. havent seen; have; been D. havent seen; have; gone( ) 12Tom_ China for 3 years.A. has been B. has been in C. has been to D. has been at( )13 I wont go to see the film tonight, because I _ my ticket.A. lost B. have lost C. will lose D. didnt lose( )14 -Hello! May I speak to Bob?-Sorry, but he _ for a month.A. had been away B. was left C. left D. has been away( )15 I _ him since I began to live in the city.A. know B. have known C. knew D. will know( )16 Zhao Lan _ already _ in this school for two years.A. was; studying B. will; study C. has; studied D. are; studying( ) 17Betty didnt go to see the film yesterday _ she was ill.A. because B. but C. until D. if( ) 18_ you work hard, you will certainly succeed.A. Though B. If C. Because D. For( ) 19There are _ many league members in class 2 _ in Class 4.A. both; and B. so; that C. either; or D. as; as( ) 20-Do you have a big library?-No, we