2019届高考英语一轮基础练Unit24Society（含解析）北师大版选修.docx

Unit 24 Society李仕才 阅读理解AWe had a TV series in London. One of our fellow TV presenters seriously upset the camera crew when they arrived at his house. He was rude and unconcerned, treating them like lowly workers. Minutes later, when the camera was turned on, he became the perfectly smiling spiritual figure he was publicly known to be. But, as the crew told us later, he had already shown them that he didnt walk his talk.In contrast, Ed was meeting with Jo, our TV producer, in a small London cafe. If you have ever been to London youll know that in such cafe the tables are very close. Two well dressed African men sat down next to them, which effectively meant they were sharing the same table. Ed asked the two strangers where they were from and one said, South Africa. The man pulled out his business cardhis name was Jacob Zuma who, at that time, was the President of the ANC but is now the President of South Africa.Usually, if you sit next to someone in a big city cafe, you dont even make eye contact, let alone conversation. Jacob had never met Ed before so he could have been distant and polite, he certainly didnt have to talk, let alone maintain communication, which he did over the following few years. He even hugged him!How we walk our talk shows far more than just our public behavior. Rather, it highlights how we view the world and our place in it. Jacob Zuma showed us how he treats otherswith the fairness, consideration and respect that he treats all beings. No matter who we are, whether a street cleaner or a president, we are all equal, here together as one human family.1.What can we learn about the TV presenter?A. He felt upset before the camera.B. He was known for his being impolite.C. His deeds didnt agree with his words.D. He pretended to be polite to the camera crew.2.Which word can best describe Jacob Zuma according to the text?A. Friendly.B. Humorous.C. Generous.D. Serious.3.Why did Ed go to the small London cafe?A. To film a TV series.B. To interview Jacob Zuma.C. To meet with a TV producer.D. To observe peoples public behavior.4.What is the text mainly about?A.TV presenters are often too proud.B. There still exists inequality in society.C.I. earned people are more likely to be polite.D. People should treat others with equal respect. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过举例讲述了我们如何做到言行一致，礼貌待人。我们的谈话方式是我们的公共行为，表明我们如何看待世界和我们在社会中的地位，因此我们应该公平的、体贴的、尊重地对待别人。1.C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段二、三句He was rude and unconcerned, treating them like lowly workers. Minutes later, when the camera was turned on, he became the perfectly smiling spiritual figure he was publicly known to be.可知，这位电视节目主持人对待同事粗鲁不礼貌，当面对镜头，他就成了众所周知的完美的精神形象。因此推断他是一个言行不一的人。故选C。3.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句In contrast, Ed was meeting with Jo, our TV producer, in a small London cafe.可知，Ed去咖啡馆是为了见一个电视节目制片人。故选C。4.D 【解析】主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章通过举例讲述了我们如何做到言行一致，礼貌待人。我们的谈话方式是我们的公共行为，表明我们如何看待世界和我们在社会中的地位，因此我们应该公平的、体贴的、尊重地对待别人。故选D。B(2017青岛自主练习)The researchers findings will hardly come as a surprise to those who study air pollution.Previous research has shown that outdoor air pollution causes more than 3 million deaths annually and suggested that the figure could double by 2050.Another study suggested that air pollution causes 1.6 million premature (早产儿) deaths annually in China alone.Policy makers across the globe have responded to air pollution with a number of new regulations, many of which focus on limiting pollution from coal.China stopped approval of new coal mines for three years at the end of 2015 and has issued strict requirements along the lines of those in the US.for new coalfired power plants.Cities in China have also developed warning systems to get cars off the streets and limit industrial pollution during periods of intense smog.But even these policies may still be met by increases in mortality(死亡率) as aging populations are increasingly suffering from the problems associated with pollution.“China might move in the right direction in terms of air pollution, but its going to have to continue revising policies just like the US.and Europe，” said Dan Greenbaum, president of Health Effects Institute, which supported the research.And, while premature deaths due to pollution in the US.and Europe have declined in recent decades, cities in the West have still taken steps to reduce pollution.Air pollution kills more than 200，000 in Europe and nearly 80，000 in the US.each year, according to the research.The benefits of addressing air pollution extend beyond the people who experience the health effects of poor air directly.“One of the unique things about air pollution is that you cant run, you cant hide from it, ” said study researcher Michael Brauer, a professor at the University of British Columbia, in a video accompanying the presentation.“But we know that if you improve air quality, everybody benefits from it.”【解题导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。户外的空气污染导致人口死亡率不断增长， 很多国家已经采取相应措施来减少空气污染。1What has changed under the new policies in China?ANo more new coal mines are allowed until 2018.BCars cant be driven in big cities.CLess aging populations are dying from air pollution.DFactories polluting air are forbidden to work.A解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的China stopped approval of new coal mines for three years at the end of 2015 and has issued strict requirements along the lines of those in the US.for new coalfired power plants.(2015年底， 中国政府停止三年内对新煤矿开采的审批， 并像美国一样对新燃煤电厂提出了严格的要求。)可知， 直到2018年中国才允许开采新煤矿。故A项符合题意。2What should China do according to Dan Greenbaum?AChange the ways of dealing with air pollution.BSeek for help from the US.and Europe.CRelease more strict policies.DAdjust the policies constantly.D解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的 “China might move in the right direction in terms of air pollution, but its going to have to continue revising policies just like the US.and Europe, ” said Dan Greenbaum.(“中国在空气污染方面可能在朝着正确的方向前进， 但是中国还得继续修订政策， 就像美国和欧洲一样，” Dan Greenbaum说)可知， 中国还得持续调整相关政策。故D项符合题意。3What can be inferred about the US.and Europe from the last but one paragraph?AThey have settled their environmental problems.BThey have cut their premature deaths to the lowest.CMeasures are still being taken to deal with pollution.DPopulation killed by air pollution have increased.C解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知， 虽然在美国和欧洲污染所致的早产儿死亡率在不断地下降， 但是西方的很多城市还会采取措施来减少污染， 因为采取措施治理空气污染所带来的好处也会直接影响到那些因空气质量差而健康遭受影响的人们。故C项符合题意。COn Christmas Eve, 1944, my grandmother urged my uncle, then 12 years old, to slip out of the concentration camp where they were imprisoned near 15 miles east of Vienna to go to Deutsch-Wagram. “People are charitable around Christmastime,” Grandma Lili said to her son, Gyuri. “Ask for some food. Anything they can spare. Tell them that were on the edge of starvation. Tell them that your 3-year-old sister can not get off the bed because shes outgrown her shoes.”In the dark of that night, Gyuri secretly left the camp and walked nearly four miles to Deutsch-Wagram, the closest town. He happened upon a house and knocked on the front door. A woman opened that door. She was probably alone, her man far away, fighting in the war, her children asleep in their beds. The 12-year-old pieced together in German exactly what his mother had told him to say.“Come back tomorrow, whispered the woman. The next day, my uncle returned. The woman opened the door with a smile. She piled his hands with bread, clothing, a pair of shoes that her child had outgrown and a pair of socks. The woman had knitted warm socks for my mother. After putting on the socks and shoes that fit, my mother got off the bed in delight. Her ragged shoes were passed on to a younger child who was also living in the camp. They shared their unexpected harvest with the entire camp. It was a quiet celebration of human kindness around Christmastime.In April 1945, my mother, uncle and grandmother were liberated. And it was those very socks and shoes that my mother wore as she walked some 28 miles over two days to Bratislava on her walk to a new life.To the unknown giver, I thank you. In the desperation of a cold and snowy land, when many hearts were closed and death was more likely than life, especially for Jews, you gave them hope and comfort.1.What did Gyuri manage to do on Christmas Eve?A. Get permitted to go out.B. Receive food and clothing.C. Express what his family needed.D. Celebrate Christmas in the camp2.Why does the author mention shoes so many times?A. To prove the truth of the story.B. To help the development of the story.C. To attract readers attention to the story.D. To make clear the background of the story.3.What feeling did the author write the text with?A. DesperationB. Gratefulness.C. ExcitementD. Sorrow.4.What is the passage mainly about?A. Light in darknessB. Peace to common peopleC. Courage in face of dangerD. The influence of Christmas【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了1944年圣诞前夕，奶奶一家在集中营里日子艰难，迫不得已12岁的叔叔秘密走出集中营去附近的村庄求助，一位善良的女士给予了他们一家一些物质上的帮助。这位好心人的善举给了过着暗无天日的日子的奶奶一家不仅是物质上的帮助还有对未来的希望，最终一家人坚持到光明的到来。2.B 推理判断题。开始提到鞋子是Gyuri妹妹没有合脚的鞋穿是他逃出集中营求助的原因之一，Gyuri的妹妹有了合脚的鞋后，小了的鞋就被送给了集中营里的一个比她小的孩子，而Gyuri的妹妹穿着好心人送的鞋迎来了自由，一家人走向了新生活，鞋子贯穿这个故事，因此推断作者多次提到鞋的原因是为了有助于故事的发展和文章主题的升华。故选B。4.A 【解析】主旨大意题。纵观全文特别是文章最后一段可知，在积雪覆盖的寒冷的冬天，人们封闭自己，死亡比活下去更容易的情况下，这位善良的人不仅给予了奶奶一家物质上的帮助，而且给了他们希望和抚慰。就像黑暗中的亮光鼓励他们走向新的生活。因此推断这篇文章歌颂了黑暗中人性光明的一面。故选A。D(2017重庆适应性测试)Robert Frost(18741963) was the statesman of American letters in the twentieth century，a rare national poet who was read and respected by both university professors and everyday citizens.In his life，Frost won four Pulitzer Prizes for his worksmore than any other poet in American history.His most famous poems include The Road Not Taken, Fire and Ice and Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening.Though he is widely read，Frost is also one of the most misunderstood writers in the United States for the complexity of his poems.Though born in California，Frost was brought up in New England，where he is inseparably linked.After dropping out of Dartmouth College to seek his literary dream，he remained upset for years，producing collections of works but failing to get enough of them published to make his efforts financially worthwhile.Finally，Frost left the United States in 1912 to see whether his work might be better received in London.It was，and in 1913 his first full collection was published in Great Britain.Fellow American poet Amy Lowell adored Frosts work and brought it back to the United States，publicizing it insistently.Soon afterwards Frosts collections became bestsellers，and he became a famous figure.From then on，Frost was on his way to the lifelong respect and recognition for his achievements in poetry.In 1961，he was invited to read a poem for the presidential inauguration(总统就职典礼) of John FKennedy.He recited his poem, The Gift Outright, from memory at the ceremony.This was perhaps his last poetry reading in front of a wide national audience before his death in 1963.More importantly，Frost became the first poet to read a poem at a presidential inauguration.【解题导语】文章主要介绍了美国伟大的诗人Robert Frost的文学生涯。1What makes Frost “the statesman of American letters”？AThe comments of other writers.BHis literary achievements.CThe complexity of his poems.DHis political activities.B解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“a rare national poet who was read and respected by both university professors and everyday citizens.in American history”可知，他的文学成就很高。故选B项。2What do we know about Frost before 1912?AHe continued writing after his graduation from Dartmouth College.BHe was well received in London for his first collection.CHe failed to make much money with his publication.DHe produced enough works to achieve literary success.C解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“but failing to get enough of them published to make his efforts financially worthwhile”可知，当时Frost没能靠写作挣到很多钱。3According to the passage，what brought Frost immediate success in the US?AThe literary value of his poetry.BThe publication of his first collection.CThe invitation from John FKennedy.DThe recommendation by Amy Lowell.D解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“Fellow American poet Amy Lowell adored Frosts work and brought it back to the United States，publicizing it insistently.a famous figure.”可知，选D。4Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?AThe Literary Life of Robert Frost：An OverviewBRobert Frost and the Twentieth CenturyCRobert Frost：A Historical FigureDThe Popularity of Robert FrostA解析：标题归纳题。本文介绍了美国伟大诗人Robert Frost的文学生涯。A选项意为“Robert Frost的文学生涯概述”。故选A项。 七选五(2017郑州高三第二次质量预测)Study Links Video Game Use to Problems in SchoolA new study warns that too much time spent playing computer games could affect a childs performance at school.1._ They show that too many hours spent playing games can reduce students chances of success in school.More than 600 teenagers between the ages of 14 and 16 took part in the research project.2._ It is said to be the first ever longterm study in Northern Ireland on the influence of information technology on school test results.The study found that teenagers who played computer games less than once a week were more successful in school than those who played them twice a day or more.41% of the students who used gaming devices two or more times a day received passing grades on school exams.3._The study found that social media use did not affect school performance.Caline McStravick is the director of the National Childrens Bureau Northern Ireland.She says the study showed no connection between social media and test results.“4._ I think thats more because social media is part of every childs life.Its the way they communicate.Its the way they keep in touch with their friends.”Many parents say their children are becoming increasingly dependent on computer games.Some have compared gaming to a drug addiction.5._ It suggested that computer games can cause children to stay awake late at night.Less sleep makes children tired and unable to pay attention in school the next day.AHowever, the study did not explore addiction.BThe new games are much different from older ones.CIt was clear that social media didnt have any effect.DIt took place over a period of three years from 2013 to 2015.EThat compared with 77% of those who rarely played the games.FDrug addiction does great harm to their health and performance at school.GBritains National Childrens Bureau Northern Ireland reported the results of the study.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了孩子花费过多时间玩电脑游戏的危害。1G解析：根据第一段的第一句“A new study warns that too much time spent playing computer games could affect a childs performance at school.”和空后的“They show that too many hours.”可知，这项新研究警告，花费过多时间玩电脑游戏会影响孩子们的在校表现；据此可以判断，空处是这一研究结论的来源，故G项切合题意。2D解析：根据空后的一句“It is said to be the first ever longterm study.results.”可知，空处介绍的是研究的时间，故D项正确。3E解析：根据空前一句“41% of the students who used gaming devices two or more times a day received passing grades on school exams.”可知选E，E项中的“77%”以及“compared”都表明是与空前一句的比较。4C解析：根据空前一句“She says the study.test results.”可知，社交媒体与考试成绩之间没有联系，故选C，即“显然，社交媒体没有任何影响”，C项中的“social media”与空前一句中的“social media”相对应。5A解析：空前一句说一些家长将玩电脑游戏与毒瘾进行了对比，根据空后内容可以判断，空处是一个承上启下句，与前文构成转折关系，故A项正确。、七选五By 2025，water shortage will be a big problem for about 1.8 billion people.In a world where water resource is increasingly short，nations cannot afford to waste it._1_After we use water in our homes and businesses，it is washed away，and takes many valuable resources with it.Waste water is rich in carbon and nutrients._2_ A number of nations and major cities have already built waste water treatment plants.They can effectively recover nutrients and bioenergy，and produce “new water” that can be reused.But more than 80% of all waste water still currently flows into natural ecosystems，polluting the environment and taking valuable nutrients and other recoverable materials with it._3_ This is still better than the situation in smaller cities.In Lati