广东从化县高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解基础选练（2）.doc

2016广东从化县高考英语阅读理解【二轮】基础选练（2）2016高考英语阅读理解集训。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c、d）中，选出最佳选项。coffee is one of the most popular drinks throughout the world today. in fact, according to some estimates, over 30% of all adults in the world drink coffee at least once a day on the average. coffee contains a kind of drug called caffeine. caffeine is a chemical that stimulates (刺激) the nerves of the body. drinking coffee tends to make people a little bit more awakeat least for a short timebecause of this stimulating effect on the nervous system. a cup of coffee has, on the average, about 3% caffeine in it.one story of the discovery of the coffee plant relates to this effect of caffeine. according to the story, coffee was discovered in east africa. the story says that coffee was first found by a goat farmer named kaldi. this was about the year 850. kaldi was leading his animals through the mountains and the goats were stopping repeatedly to eat the plants near the path. suddenly, some of the goats started jumping up and down in a very strange way. kaldi figured out that the goats were acting this way because of the plants they were eating. kaldi himself tried eating some of the green beans (豆荚) that the goats had been eating. he, too, felt the stimulating effect of the beans. kaldi wanted to prove what had happened, so he picked some of the beans and took them back to the village, where he told his story.the green bean got the name kaffa and later coffee because the beans were discovered in a place called kaffa in africa. then for years, people used to eat a few of the green kaffa beans when they were in the mountains and needed extra energy to do their work. it was later found that the coffee beans could be picked and then dried until they turned brown, and then they could be stored. if the beans were dried and stored, they could be used at any time.1.what is the purpose of drinking coffee?a. to become more awake. b. to become more healthy.c. to become more happy. d. to become more clever.2.how did the goats react after eating the plants?a. they fell asleep.b. they could not find their way home.c. they started jumping up and down.d. they wanted to eat more.3.why did the green bean get the name kaffa?a. because kaldi loved his home village very much. b. because kaldis goats loved the green bean very much.c. because the beans were discovered in a place by this name.d. because the beans could be picked and dried.【参考答案】1.a2.c3.c【解析】试题分析：本文为我们介绍了咖啡豆。通过一个牧羊人的故事为我们讲述了咖啡豆名字的起源及其产地和作用。1.理解题。从第一段中“drinking coffee tends to make people a little bit more awake”中可以看出咖啡豆的作用是使人变得清醒，故选a。2.细节理解题。从文中第二段中“suddenly, some of the goats started jumping up and down in a very strange way.”可以看出吃了这种植物后，一些羊开始以很奇怪的方式的跳上跳下，故选c。3.细节理解题。从最后一段第一句“the green bean got the name kaffa and later coffee because the beans were discovered in a place called kaffa in africa.”可知，这种青豆开始叫“kaffa”后来变为“咖啡”是因为它是在非洲一个叫kaffa的地方被发现的，故选c。考点：事物说明类阅读科普知识（阅读理解）由 (2013浙江宁波高三上期末)改编the heat engine is certainly one of the most important devices that man ever invented.in its simplest meaning,the heat engine is a device that transforms heat energy into other forms of energy,such as mechanical and electrical energy.a great majority of the engines used today lie under the contributions that the heat engine made in the fields of industry,transportation,and the production of electricity gives us a deeper and more detailed look at the importance of heat engines.the heat engine had a great role in the industrial revolution of the nineteenth century. scientists developed machines,based on heat engines,which could increase the amount of goods produced,and at the same time,decrease the amount of time and money consumed.the manufactured goods became affordable to almost everyone,and they were not a luxury any more.after the introduction of the heat engine in the industrial field,the concept of mass production was first realized,and industry boomed as never before.through history man has always tried to invent efficient means of transportation.however,it was not until the invention of the heat engine that this became possible.a new era replaced the old era of animal-powered transportation,an era whose characteristics were speed and comfort.the train was the first means of transportation that used the heat engine,and it introduced new horizons of long-distance traveling.however,there was another machine that replaced the horse as a personal means of transportation.it was called the car,and it also used the heat engine.the achievements of the car in a few decades wiped out centuries of horse transportation.scientists realized the importance of electricity since the day it was discovered. unfortunately,electricity was not available in nature for direct use.scientists had to come up with ways of producing it.here again,the heat engine was used to produce mechanical energy,which in turn can produce electricity.today,many power-producing stations all over the world still use heat engines.they use coal or fuel oil to evaporate water,then the steam is used to turn a turbine which can produce electricity.in conclusion,heat engines proved to be one of the most important inventions.it is enough to observe the importance of industry,transportation,and electricity in our lives to know the importance of heat engines.although the engines used today are quite different from the early ones,the same concept of changing heat into other kinds of energy is still used.1.what is the passage mainly about?()a.the importance of electricity.b.the importance of heat energy.c.the importance of the heat engine.d.the importance of means of transportation.2.the underlined word “transforms” in para.1 can be best replaced by .a.changesb.dividesc.adaptsd.breaks3.which of the following is true after the scientist used heat engine in industry?()a.heat engines greatly promoted industry.b.more money and less time were spent in producing goods.c.manufactured goods decreased a lot because of mass production.d.the invention of the heat engine resulted in the invention of electricity.4.which of the following can be inferred from the passage?()a.the animal-powered transportation was slow but comfortable.b.the heat engine is the greatest invention ever in the history of industry.c.the car is a means of personal transportation that is based on the heat engine.d.before the invention of the heat engine,the animal was the only means of transportation.语篇解读:本文讲述了一项重要发明“热力发动机”的重要性和为人类所做出的贡献。答案及剖析:1.c主旨大意题。由全文内容尤其是最后一段的in conclusion,heat engines proved to be one of the most important inventions.可知,本文主要是关于热力发动机自发明以来在很多方面所起的重要作用,故选c项。2.a词义猜测题。由第一段关于热力发动机的定义.the heat engine is a device that transforms heat energy into other forms of energy,such as mechanical and electrical energy可知,热力发动机就是把热能转化成如机械能和电能的一种设备,故选a项。3.a细节理解题。由第二段的scientists developed machines,based on heat engines,which could increase the amount of goods produced,and at the same time,decrease the amount of time and money consumed.可知,机器的使用提高了产量,减少了生产时间和劳动成本,故a项正确。其他三项与文章内容不符。4.c推理判断题。由第四段的.it was called the car,and it also used the heat engine可知c项正确。由第三段的a new era replaced the old era of animal-powered transportation,an era whose characteristics were speed and comfort可排除a项;由文章的首句和最后一段的第一句话可排除b项;由第三段的.animal-powered.可排除d项。【疑难词汇解读】1.decrease v.&n.降低;下降,减少the number of the workers in that factory is decreasing.那家工厂的工人的数量在下降。2.affordable adj.付得起的now houses are affordable to most people.现在多数人都能买得起房子。【长难句子分析】scientists主语 developed谓语 machines,宾语 based on heat engines,状语which could increase the amount of goods produced,定语从句and at the same time,decrease the amount of time定语从句and money consumed.定语从句以热力发动机为基础,科学家们制造了机器,这大大提高产品数量的同时也降低了生产所需要的时间和成本。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (a、b、c和d) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2013陕西，a)joshua, helmut, and bethlehem michelle o. donovanisbn 9781462058679life is not easy for nineyearold joshua during world war ii. because of his familys jewish background, they are sent to live in the concentration camps (集中营). scared and alone, joshua one day makes friends with a little mouse he calls bethlehem who becomes his closest friend.encourage me! inspirational poetrygloria coykendallisbn 9781412027854it is an easytoread collection of poems originally written to encourage in faith and to be a cure for chronic depression(长期抑郁) . cure to strengthen identity and purpose.more things in heavenbill bosworthisbn 9780595433582in his more things in heaven, bill bosworth presents the highlights of his 83 years of life, including his trips to india and the study of the writings of several great spiritual leaders.more things in heaven will appeal to anyone who insists on finding the deepest meaning for their existence based on their own experience.seeking the edge dr. joseph l. roseisbn 9781462031795seeking the edge provides the tools and techniques to find that edge in ones lifedriving readers to achieve success whether in your current job, finding a new job, in education, family, or even hobbies.creation or evolutionmichael ebifeghaisbn 9781450289023were humans created, or did they evolve? how old is the earth? the debate between science and religion continues to be heated.