同步辐射光源 By Vic Suller.ppt

SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury SynchrotronRadiationSourcesPast PresentandFuture ByVicSuller SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury ContentsTheOriginsofSynchrotronRadiationSynchrotronRadiationCharacteristicsStorageRingsasSourcesInsertionDevicesTheFuturewith4thGenerationSources SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury CrabNebula thefirstSynchrotronsourceobserved SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury CAMDinBatonRouge LA CenterforAdvancedMicrostructuresandDevices SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury AcceleratorSynchrotronRadiation SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury DiscoveryofElectronJJThompsonOctober1897 AcceleratedChargeRadiationLienardJuly1898 SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury Fieldlinesfromastationarycharge Fieldlinesfromanacceleratedcharge ELECTROMAGNETICRADIATION SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury z y x Spatialdistributionofradiationfromachargeacceleratedalongthezaxis SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury PrincipleofBetatronAcceleration AccelerationbyInduction TheBetatron SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury PredictionofEnergylossbyradiationinanacceleratorIwanenko PomeranchukJune1944 SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury GEC USA electronaccelerators1946 SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury FirstattempttoDetectSynchrotronRadiationJohnBlewett1947 usedamicrowavereceiverexpectingHarmonicsoftheorbitfrequency 100MHz nothingfound FirstcorrecttheoryofSynchrotronRadiationJulianSchwinger1947 showedtheimportanceofrelativisticeffects SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury LightfromtheGESynchrotron1947 SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury Betatron CERAMIC Synchrotron GLASS SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury RelativisticeffectsinSynchrotronRadiation ContractionoftheorbitintheelectronframeResult OrbitfrequencyincreasesbyfactorgRelativisticDopplershiftfromtheelectronframetothelabResult Frequencyfurtherincreasesbyfactor2gRelativisticforwardfocusingoftheemissionResult Frequencyfurtherincreasesbyfactor2pg SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury RelativisticfocusingofSynchrotronRadiation tanq g 1sinf 1 bcosf 1 Transformationbetweenframes Iff 900thenq g 1 SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury RelativisticeffectsinSynchrotronRadiation cont Theeffectof3relativisticprocessesupshiftstheorbitfrequencyby g3Forexample2GeVelectronsina100morbitorbitfrequency3MHzg 3914g3 6 01010100m 1 7nm 0 7keV Forprotonstoradiateequivalentlyina100morbitEnergy 3 7TeVandmagneticfield 10kT SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury SynchrotronRadiationFeatures ContinuumsourcefromIRtoX raysSourceinacleanUHVenvironmentHighIntensityandBrightness4 HighlyPolarized5 Stable controllablepulsedcharacteristics highlyattractiveforresearchapplications SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury Thesynchrotronradiationspectrumisdescribedwithreferencetoacharacteristic oftencalled critical wavelengthlc orphotonenergyec whereBisthebendingmagneticfield SynchrotronRadiationFeatures SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury WhentheradiationatagivenwavelengthisintegratedoverallanglesofverticalemissiontheresultantSpectralFluxIntensityisgivenby photons sec mr 0 1 bandwidth isanumericalfactorwhichessentiallygovernstheshapeofthespectrum SynchrotronRadiationSpectralFluxIntensity SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury SynchrotronRadiationSpectra Examplesofspectraproducedbyelectronstoragerings SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury TypicalSynchrotronRadiationSpectra SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury TypicalSynchrotronRadiationSpectra2 APS CAMD VUV SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury 1stGenerationSynchrotronRadiationSources Originallybuiltforsomeotherpurpose 1965 1975 SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury 2ndGenerationSynchrotronRadiationSources Dedicated purposedesigned 1975 1985 Someexamples SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury NoticethatBrightness asheredefined isoftenreferredtoasBrilliance withanaccompanyingincorrectuseofthetermbrightnessfortheSpectralFluxDensity Itisbesttoavoidconfusionbyusingthewellestablishedradiometricdefinitionsasgivenhere SynchrotronRadiationBrightness SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury NotethatsourceBrightnessasdefinedisanisotropic thevaluedependsonthesourcedensitydistributionandontheobservationangle Itisoftenmoreconvenienttouse asafigureofmerit anaveragebrightnesswhichfordipolesourcesisdefined AverageSpectralBrightness istheverticallyintegratedflux 2 36sxisthefwhmofthehorizontalelectronbeamsize 2 36szisthefwhmoftheverticalelectronbeamsize and2 36sg isthefwhmofthephotonemissionangleintheverticalplane Thelatterisacombinationoftheelectronbeamverticaldivergenceandthephotonemissionanglethus SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury Radiationexcitation Radiationdamping Radiationexcitationanddampingofoscillations SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury Theequilibriumoftheexcitationandthedampingofthebetatronoscillationsdeterminestheemittanceofthestoredbeamwiththeresult Theemittanceisdeterminedbythebehaviourofthedispersion andthehorizontalbetatronfunctionwithinthebendingmagnets Theemittanceisgivenbythelatticeofthemachine SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury MinimumemittanceofChasman Greenlattice SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury TheoreticalMinimumEmittancelattice SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury 3rdGenerationSynchrotronRadiationSources Dedicated highbrightness designedtoincludeInsertionDeviceSources 1985 2005 Someexamples SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury APSatArgonneNationalLaboratory SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury Trendsin3rdGenerationLightSourcePerformance SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury ProposedSouthEastAdvancedLightSource 1 SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury ProposedSouthEastAdvancedLightSource 2 SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury WigglerorWavelengthShifter PlacedinastraightsectionNetdeflectionzeroHighmagneticfield5 10TLargehorizontalfan 200mr SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury CAMDWiggler Centralpole7TeslaEndpoles1 5TeslaMadebyBudkerInstitute SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury SRSDaresbury6TeslaWiggler SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury MultiPoleWiggler MultiplealternatingpolesHighmagneticfield2 5TSmallhorizontalfan 20mrSuperpositionofsourcepoints SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury SRSDaresbury2 4TeslaPermanentMagnetMPW SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury Undulator MultiplealternatingpolesPeriodlu 10sofmmBeamdeflection 1 gInterferencemakeslinespectrumVeryhighbrightness SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury Undulatorapproximatetheory Inthelaboratoryframetheelectrontravelstowardstheundulatormagneticfieldatrelativisticvelocity IntheelectronframetheundulatorappearsasanEM waverelativisticallycontractedto1 g lu ThereisthenarelativisticDopplershift1 2gbacktothelaboratoryframe Thustheundulatorproducesmonochromaticradiationof SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury Undulatorcorrecttheory Itisessentialtoaccountforthetransversemotionoftheelectronintheundulator Introducethedeflectionparameterk SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury Undulatorconstructiveinterference AsanelectronmovesfromAtoBthephotonmovesahead AphotonemittedatpointAwillconstructivelyinterferewithoneemittedatpointBifitgainsbyawholenumberofwavelengths n 1 3 5 SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury UndulatorSpectrum calculated SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury ESRFUndulator SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury SRC InvacuumUndulators forsmallgap period SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury SRCWisconsin6EMUndulator SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury Elettra SLSHelicalWiggler Undulator SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury SE ALSUndulator50mm SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury 4thGenerationSynchrotronRadiationSources Whatcouldbetheircharacteristics ExtremelyhighbrightnessUltrashortelectronbunchesCoherentradiation Conclusion ItmustbebasedonaFreeElectronLaser SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury OscillatortypeFreeElectronLaser SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury SASEtypeFreeElectronLaser SASE SelfAmplificationofSpontaneousEmission SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury FreeElectronLaser presentlimitations Wavelengthlimitedbymirrors useSASELowrepratehencelowaveragebrightness useEnergyRecoveryLinac SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury EnergyRecoveryLinac Highbrightnesscwe gun SuperconductingRF SASEFreeElectronLaser Lowenergybeamdump SynchrotronRadiationStorageRingsVicSuller CAMDLouisiana SRSDaresbury ERLsPastan