Assignment 02 for Language and Linguistics作业02语言和语言学”.doc

第 4 页 （共 4 页）Assignment 02 for “Language and Linguistics”（Units 4-6）Answer Sheet语言与语言学 作业02（第4-6单元）答题纸学籍号： 111012110001 姓名： 杨浩 分数： 学习中心： 南京 专业： _The total marks for this assignment are 100 points. Time allowed for completing this assignment is 1 hour (60 minutes).PLEASE WRITE ALL YOUR ANSWERS ON THE ANSWER SHEETShort Answer Questions 40 points（1） Instructions: Write short answers to the following question with particular reference to Unit 6. What are the different dimensions of relations between people in the society? What is the one dimension important to Chinese but absent in some other cultures? Choose one dimension to give an example. We have three different dimensions of relations between people in the society，familiarity，emotional distance and formality.The one dimension important to Chinese but absent in some other cultures is distinction between in-group and out-group.i.e.in a family circle,the insiders are family members,everybody else is an outsider. （2） Instructions: Write short answers to the following question with particular reference to Unit 4. How does language help us to organize our most basic experiences of the material world through naming, categorizing and abstraction? There are two kinds of names:proper name and category name.,abstraction is an intrinsic feature of language,we give proper names to individual objects so that we can identity them uniquely,we give category names to a group of things that are treated as being similar, a category name is a concept .（3） Instructions: Write short answers to the following question with particular reference to Unit 6. Name five of the six maxims of politeness. The modesty maxim-minimize the expression of praise of self，maximize the expression of dispraise of self.the agreement maxim-minimize the expression of disagreement between self and other,minimize the expression of agreement between self and other,this maxim is easy to understood.the approbation maxim-minimize the expression of beliefs which express dispraise of other,maximize the expression of beliefs which express approval of otherthe tact maxim- minimize the expression of beliefs which imply cost to other,maximize the expression of beliefs which imply benefit to other.the generosity maxim-minimize the expression of beliefs to self,maximize the expression of cost to self. （4） Instructions: Write short answers to the following question with particular reference to Unit 5. What are the essential elements of a ritual illocutionary act? Use an example to illustrate one of them. Analysis and Application The essential elements of a ritual illocutionary act can be performed in two ways,directly and indirectly,by directly is meant that a verb is used in the utterance to show what the illocutionary act was intended to be performed by the speaker .By indirectly meant that no such verbs are actually used in the utterance to the indicate what the illocutionary act was intended. （1） Instructions: Briefly analyze the conversation below by using the linguistic knowledge you have learned from Unit 5. Briefly analyze the conversation below by using the linguistic knowledge you have learned from the course. Bill: Im really sorry I didnt repay the $100 I borrowed from you last month. Tom: Oh, dont worry about it, I won $250 last Saturday at the racetrack. Bill: But I feel awful about not repaying you sooner, friends dont act like that. Tom: Its not important. Weve been friends for six years and will be forever. Bill: Are you sure? Tom: Yes, come on inside and have a beer Apologizer victimCacceptDFollow-upeventsBapologizeAcauseThe apologizer is verbal:could not verbal:Tom thought come on inside responsible for the do