m4u2Grammar情态动词.ppt

M4Unit2grammarandusage 情态动词 一 高考热点 1 情态动词can may must should need etc表推测 请求 允诺的用法 2 情态动词must shall should etc的特殊用法 上下文的语境 3 情态动词在虚拟语气结构中的使用 4 情态动词 havedone的用法 5 情态动词的否定形式与疑问式及其应答策略 二 情态动词的类型1 只做情态动词的有must can could beableto may might oughtto2 可做情态动词又可做实义动词的有need dare3 可做情态动词又可做助动词的有shall should will would 三 情态动词的特征1 有一定的词义 但不能单独作谓语 要和行为动词原形或系动词连用共同构成谓语 2 有时态的变化 但没有人称和数 haveto除外 的变化 四 情态动词的用法要点 熟读深思 一 can could的用法 读下列句子 归纳总结can could的用法 1 Takecarewhilefishing Youknownotallthechildrencanswim 2 HecouldreadbooksinEnglishwhenhewasonlyfive 总结1 表能力 翻译为 能够 会 could是can的过去式 表过去的能力 can t couldn t 若强调经过一番努力后成功做到某事用was wereabletodo managetodo succeedindoing 不能 不会 Hedidn tagreewithmeatfirst butIwasabletopersuadehim Lookatthatmaninblack CanitbeMrBlack Itcan tbeMr Black forhehasgoneabroad 总结2 表可能性 翻译为 可能 会 多用于疑问句或否定句 can t 不可能 4 Accidentcanhappenonsuchrainydays Childrenarelovely buttheycanbenaughtysometimes 总结3 用于肯定句 表示偶然发生的可能性 翻译为 有时会 5 Henevertellsthetruth Howcanyoubelievesuchaliarlikehim 总结4 在否定句 疑问句和感叹句中 表示怀疑 惊异或不相信的态度 6 Youcanborrowmybiketomorrow Studentscan ttakethebookoutofthereading room 总结5 表许可 翻译为 可以 用于否定句 表示不允许 翻译为 不可以 7 Youcannotbetoocareful Youcannotbecarefulenough 总结7 can的习惯用法 1 can t cannever canhardly too adj adv adj adv enough越 就越好 再怎样也不为过 即时训练 1 Acomputer thinkforitself itmustbetoldwhattodo A can tB couldn tC maynotD mightnot2 06福建 Ifitweren tforthefactthatshe sing Iwouldinvitehertotheparty A couldn tB shouldn tC can tD mightnot A C 3 Thebiggestproblemformostplants which justgetupandrunawaywhenthreatened isthatanimalsliketoeatthem 2007湖南 A shan tB can tC needn tD mustn t B 4 It susuallywarminmyhometowninMarch butit berathercoldsometime A mustB canCshouldD would B 5 MyMP4playerisn tinmybag Where Ihaveputit canB mustC shouldD would6 TheWorldWideWebissometimesjokinglycalledWorldWideWaitbecauseit beveryslow canB mustC shouldD will A A 7 03上海 How yousaythatyoureallyunderstandthewholestoryifyouhavecoveredonlypartofthearticle A canB mustC needD may8 06全国卷I Thereisnolighton They athome A can tB mustn tC needn tD shouldn t A A 9 Aleft luggageofficeisaplacewherebags beleftforashorttime especiallyatarailwaystation A shouldB canCmustD will B 10 Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone getout 2005天津 A hadtoB wouldC couldD wasableto D 熟读深思 二 may might的用法 读下列句子 归纳总结may might的用法 1 Shemay mightcometoyourbirthdaypartytomorrow Sheisn tsure 2 Noonecomestoanswerthephone Hemay mightnotbeathome 总结1 表可能 或许 大概 可能 用于肯定 否定句中 might语气更加不肯定 把握性更小 不表时态 maynot mightnot 可能不 cannot不可能 3 Youmaygohomenow 4 HesaidImightgohome 总结2 may在肯定句中表达许可 might是过去时 英译汉 5 Youmayaswellagreewithhim 总结3 习惯搭配 may mightaswelldo sb hadbetterdo不妨 还是 的好 1 Peter comewithustonight butheisn tverysureyet A mustB mayC canD will2 Makingchoices bedifficult especiallywhenthereisnoonetoturntoforadvice A mightB shouldC canD must3 IsJohncomingbytrain N2002 Heshould buthe not Helikesdrivinghiscar mustB canC needD May4 Ithoughtyou likesomethingtoread soIhavebroughtyousomebooks A mayB mightC couldD must B C D 即时训练 B 熟读深思 三 must haveto的用法 读下列句子 归纳总结must haveto的用法 1 Imustgonow 2 Ican tseethingsclearly soIhavetowearglasses 3 Youmustn tspeaktoyourmotherlikethat 4 Wedon thavetoeatmeateveryday 总结1 must表 必须 表示说话人主观上的看法 愿望 无时态变化 mustn t haveto 不得不 表示客观的需要 有各种时态和人称的变化 didn t doesn t don thaveto 不准 不许 禁止 不必 needn t 5 MustIgohome Yes you No you 总结2 在回答带有must的问句时 否定回答用needn t don thaveto must needn t don thaveto 英译汉 6 Thecarmustbreakdownjustwhenwewereabouttostartoff 总结3 表示 碰巧 硬要 偏要 7 Judgingfromhisaccent hemustcomefromthesouth 10 Itmusthaverainedlastnight forthegroundiswet 总结4 must只用在肯定句中 表示较有把握的推测 一定 准是 肯定 无mustn t形式 完成下列反义疑问句 1 Lileimustbeintheclassroomnow 2 Judgingfromhisaccent hemustcomefromthesouth 3 HemusthavebeentoBeijingbefore 4 Itmusthaverainedlastnight 总结5 must表推测时 反义疑问句的构成由其后的动词结构及句子含义来确定 isn the hasn the didn tit doesn the 1 Incrowdedplaceslikeairportsandrailwaystations you takecareofyourluggage A canB mayC mustD will2 Johnny you playwiththeknife you hurtyourself A won t can tB mustn t mayC shouldn t mustD can t shouldn twouldn tB mustn tC needn tD maynot3 Putonmoreclothes Youbefeelingcoldwithonlyashirton A canB couldC mustD would4 2 MustIdrivetohishouseandpickupthechildren No A youshouldn tB youmightnotC youneedn tD youmustn t 即时训练 5 Twoyearago myhusbandboughtmeabicycle Ifyouliveintown itisoftenfasterthanacarandyouworryaboutparking A mustnotB maynotC shouldnotD don thaveto6 CanIhaveawordwithyou mum Oh dear ifyou 06浙江 A canB mustC mayD should7 Hisparentsmusthavebeatenhimyesterday haven ttheyB didn ttheyC weren ttheyD aren tthey 四 will would的用法 1 IwilldoallIcantohelpyou 2 Willyoujoininourdiscussion 3 Tomwon tdosuchathing 4 Iadvisedmyfathertogiveupsmoking buthewouldn tlisten 总结1 Will可用于各种人称 表 愿意 决心 否定式 won t 不愿意 不会 would指过去的情况 愿意 肯 否定式 wouldn t 5 Will Wouldyoupleasegivemeamessagewhenyouseehim Yes Iwill No Iwon t I msorryIcan t Wouldyoulikeacupoftea 总结2 都可用于疑问句和第二人称连用 表示请求 邀请 询问对方的意愿 Would语气更委婉 6 Tomisillinhospital Sorrytohearthat Iwillgotoseehimthisafternoon 总结3 will可用来表临时 即刻的决定或打算 而begoingto常指计划或安排好的打算 7 EverySaturdayevening theywillplaychesstogether 8 Shewouldoftengoskatingwhenshelivedinthenorth 4 would表过去习惯性 经常性的动作 过去常常干 现在仍可能存在的习惯 I smoke butnowIdon t 而usedtodosth常指过去常常做 但现在不做了 usedto 11 Ipushedthewindowhard butitwouldn tshut 12 I vetriedmanytimes butthecarjustwon tstart 总结5 Sthwon t wouldn tdo 表主语的性质 特征 强调经过努力后 怎么也不能 就是不能 1 Writetomewhenyougethome 2001年北京春季卷 A ImustB IshouldC IwillD Ican2 Willyoustayforlunch Sorry Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme A Imustn tB Ican tC Ineedn tD Iwon t 即时训练 3 Whenhewasthere he gotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday A wouldB shouldC hadbetterD might 五 usedtodo 过去常常 现在不再Usedhetogetupearlyinthemorning Didheusetoget Yes hedid heusedto No hedidn t heusedn tto Thereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewar usedn tthere didn tthere 熟读深思 六 shall的用法 读下列句子 归纳总结shall的用法 1 Ishallbeveryhappytoseeyouagain 总结1 作助动词 表将来 用于第一人称 I we 2 Shallwegooutformealtonight 3 Shallhecometoseeyou 4 Whereshallhewaitforyou 总结2 用在一 三人称的疑问句中 用于征求对方的意见和指示 好吗 要不要 5 Youshallfailifyoudon tworkhard 6 Ifyouworkwell youshallhavehigherwages 7 Theyshallpaywhattheyhavedone 8 Nothingshallstopusfromfightingagainstpollution 9 EachPartyshallrespecttheconditionsofthiscontract 警告 允诺 威胁 命令 决心 必须 总结3 用于二 三人称的陈述句中 表示命令 许诺 警告 强制 威胁 决心等 或在规定 法律 条约中表义务和规定 必须 shallnot shan t 1 Theinterestbedividedintofiveparts accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides declaredthejudge 2004年重庆卷 A mayB shouldC mustD shall2 Excuseme butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport You havemycomputerifyoudon ttakecareofit 2004年湖南卷 A shan tB mightnotC needn tD shouldn t3 Theroomissodirty wecleanit Ofcourse 2003年北京春季卷 A WillB ShallC WouldD Do D A B 即时训练 熟读深思 八 should的用法 读下列句子 归纳总结should的用法 1 Youshould oughttofollowyourteachers advice 总结1 表建议 应该 2 Youshouldn tbesolatefortheconference 总结2 表责备 不该 oughtnotto 3 Coalandgasshouldbeusedupintwentyyearsifnootherenergycouldbereplaced 总结3 should 表推测 可能性 根据经验 常识对将来进行推测 据估计 按理说 4 Youcan timaginethatawell behavedgentlemanshouldbesorudetoalady 总结4 Should 表示惊奇 怀疑 不满 遗憾 难以置信等情绪 译为 竟然 1 WhencanIcomeforthephotos Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon They bereadyby12 00 A shouldB shallC wouldD must2 IthinkI llgiveBobaring You Youhaven tbeenintouchwithhimforages 06江苏 A willB mayC havetoD should3 It snearlyseveno clock Jack behereatanymoment A mustB needC shouldD could4 Itissostrangethattheneighbors notknoweachother A mightB needC shouldD would 即时训练 A D C C 熟读深思 八 need的用法 读下列句子 归纳总结need的用法 1 Youneedn tpay It sfree NeedIstartnow Yes you No you 总结1 作情态动词 需要 必须 后接动词原形 用于疑问句 否定句和条件句中 没有人称和数的变化 must needn t 2 Hebadlyneededahaircutlastweek 3 Doyouneedanyhelp 4 TomorrowisSunday Youdon tneedtoarriveearly 5 Theflowersneedwatering tobewatered 总结2 作实义动词 需要 后接名词 代词 todo doing 有人称 数和时态的变化 其否定式或疑问式要借助于助动词do does did 1 You returnthebooknow Youcankeepittillnextweekifyoulike A can tB mustn tC needn tD maynot2 Theroofneeds torepairB beingrepairedC repairedD repairing 即时训练 C D 熟读深思 九 dare 敢 的用法 读下列句子 归纳总结dare的用法 1 Idaren taskherforarise 2 Dareheswimacrosstheriver 总结1 作情态动词 后接动词原形 用于疑问句 否定句和条件句中 没有人称和数的变化 有过去时dared 十 hadbetter not doHad betterdo wouldrather not doWouldratherdothando 1 Weplaychessthanbridge Someofusdon tknowhowtoplaybridge A hadbetterB wouldbetterC wouldratherD hadrather c 四 情态动词 havedone 一 对过去的推测 1 musthavedone 只用于肯定句中 过去一定做了 Lindahasgonetowork butherbicycleisstillhere Shemusthavegonebybus 2 can couldhavedone 一般只用于疑问句 可能做了 或否定句中 不可能做了 Cantheyhaveleftsosoon Hecan thavebeentothattown IsawMr Wangjustnow Hecouldn thavegonetoBeijing couldhavedone可用于肯定句中表 本来可以 本来能够做 却没做 含惋惜 遗憾之意 Youcouldhavepassedtheexam butyoudidn ttryyourbest 3 may mighthavedone 过去可能已经做了 用于肯定句或否定句中 可能没有 不用于疑问句中 might语气更加不肯定 It stoolate Ithinkhemayhavegonetobed Hemaynothavefinishedthework Shemighthavecaughtacold mighthavedone可用于表轻微的责备 本来可以 本来可能 含实际上未发生之意 Imighthavetakenanotherpath Youmighthavegivenhimmorehelp eventhoughyouwerebusy 1 He havecompletedhiswork otherwise hewouldn tbeenjoyinghimselfbyseaside 2005年北京卷 A shouldB mustC wouldn tD can t2 Tomisneverlateforwork Whyisbeabsenttoday Something tohim 2005年江西卷 A musthappenB shouldhavehappenedC couldhavehappenedD musthavehappened B D 即时训练 二 表后悔 责备或遗憾 1 should oughttohavedone 过去本应该做却没做 shouldn t ought