高考英语完型填空解题技巧.doc

完形填空题作为一种综合性语言测试手段，一直为高考英语试题所沿用，该题型旨在考查学生的英语基础知识和语言运用能力，包括词汇知识、逻辑推理、文化感悟、语言敏感等诸多方面。因该题型难度大、区分度高、赋分密集(20小题，每小题1.5分)，使其成为考生英语成绩优劣的分野。（一）知识讲解. 完形填空题的命题特点1. 选材完形填空题所用材料均为结构相对完整、主旨大意清楚、连贯性好、语言规范、难度适中的短文。该题型所涉范围十分宽广，理论上说，日常生活、社会、文化、政治、经济、历史、地理、教育、科技无一不可成为其内容，但均应是考生能够理解的。近年高考完形填空题的体裁多为记叙文，所选短文篇幅一般都在230-300个单词左右。2. 备选词 完形填空题以考查实词为主，以考查虚词为辅，这已是不争之事实。该题型中针对名词、动词、形容词、副词等实词的设题占到总小题数的80%以上，而介词、连词、冠词等虚词则较少在选项中直接涉及。备选词不使用生僻单词，而主要考查常规词在特定场合中的贴切运用。因而片面追求词汇数量而忽略对核心词汇的透彻理解和灵活运用的做法不值得提倡。3. 命题逻辑 尽管完形填空题形式上如同一幅残破的图画，但我们依然能看到其严谨的结构和流畅的逻辑。题中的空白处与上下文在语义和句法上存在着内在联系，考查角度基本上都是语篇水平的，单词和句子水平的纯语法知识的考查方式早已被舍弃。语用能力及根据上下文线索进行逻辑推理的能力越来越受到重视。这就要求考生具有较强的语篇意识，如果不能关注情节发展的内在逻辑联系，离开了上下文孤立地从语法角度考虑作答，则势必造成无所适从而顾此失彼。. 完形填空答题方法 1. 语境推测法 【做题方法】 做题时，要从整体上把握文章内容，区分文章的结构层次和文章的内在逻辑关系，同时认真比较所给选项，并从中选出最符合语境的答案。 【考题链接】 After the birth of my second child, I got a job at a restaurant. Having worked with an experienced _ for a few days. I was allowed to wait tables on my own.A. manager B. assistant C. cook D. waitress 【思路分析】根据前面的a job at a restaurant和后面的to wait tables on my own，我们可以推断出正确答案应该是 D_。 2. 语法分析法【做题方法】遇到疑难复杂的句子时，可借助语法分析来帮助理解句子、推测语境、判断搭配等。充分利用所学语法知识进行分析处理，能避免因理解上的差错而选错答案。【考题链接】It was raining. I went into a cafe and asked for a coffee. _ I was waiting for my drink, I realized there were other people in the place. A. Before B. Although C. While D. Since【思路分析】根据语法规则，可知此句是个一时间状语从句，并且表示一段时间，我们就不难选出C了。3. 常识推断法【做题方法】根据已掌握的历史背景、文化知识、风俗习惯及生活常识等来选择正确答案。【考题链接】 The mother was holding their baby daughter, Ally. The little girl had some food stuck in her throat, and could hardly breathe. Mr. White drove them to _. The ambulance was running very fast along the road.A. the best hospital B. the biggest hospital C. the nearest hospital D. the childrens hospital【思路分析】根据自己的生活常识可知，当紧急情况发生时，像文中提到的小孩的喉咙被食物卡住了，几乎不能呼吸，我们要把病人第一时间送到医院，所以选 C 最合适。4. 习语搭配法【做题方法】英语中，一些固定的句型和短语结构是完形填空的常考考点。做题时应注意空白处所填之词与空白处前后词语的习惯搭配。【考题链接】 There are many different ways of seeing a town for the first time. One of them is to walk around it, guide-book _ hand.A. in B. from C. by D. on【思路分析】根据英语中的习惯搭配，表示“手里拿着”我们可以用sth. in hand这一结构，由此可知应选A。Is all this pressure necessary? I _ up leaving the football team, four other girls did the same, and two of them stopped playing football completely. A. gave B. kept C. ended D. picked【思路分析】end up doing sth. 为固定短语，意思为“以而告终”，由此可知选C。此外，我们还可用错误排除法对选项进行逐项分析比较，排除干扰项，从而确定正确答案。做题时应先易后难，顺着文章思路，根据自己对文章的理解，一边读一边把容易的、有把握的小题先做好，减少文章的空白处，整篇文章的意思就会变得越来越清晰，这时难题也许会变为易题。 . 完形填空解题步骤1. 通读全文，抓主旨脉络，特别注意首尾句。文章都有中心议题和中心内容。快速通读全文，才能全局在胸，理清思路；抓住主线，才能使思维朝着正确的方向发展。在阅读中要特别注意提示句，尽量记忆关键词、句，力求把文章内容串连起来并在脑海中形成一个完整的图像。2. 逐句分析，各个击破。用平时积累的英语语法和语言知识，根据文中语义、习惯搭配、文中前后逻辑及生活常识进行客观推测，务必克服平时的思维定势。在选择答案的过程中，要先易后难；对少数难题，可暂定答案，在复读全文后再加以分析推敲。3. 瞻前顾后，寻觅启示信息。启示信息有以下几种类型：首句提供的信息；通读全文获得的信息；已补充完整句子提供的信息；后文提供的信息；平时积累的常识和背景知识提供的信息。对上述信息，要全面考虑，寻找启示，作出选择。4. 复读全文，代入验证。力求从旁观者的角度清醒地重新审视文章，从整体角度核校答案，进一步加深对文章的理解。要根据文章的中心思想与各段落之间、前后句之间的内在逻辑关系，检查文章的整体性；也可从语法、词义、惯用法、固定搭配、背景知识等方面进一步验证和修改答案。. 做完形填空的注意事项 1. 切忌急于求成，见空就填。 一拿到题便匆忙作答，不了解文意，无整体概念，边读边填，两眼忙于空白处和选项之间，这样会欲速则不达，而且还会造成理解上的偏差。 2 切忌死抠字眼，徘徊不前。 逐字逐句，字斟句酌，不顾文意，抓不住关键，结果白白浪费许多时间。 3. 切忌断章取义，望文生义。 不管前后逻辑关系，就题论题，所填答案互不照应，前后矛盾，顾此失彼。 4. 逻辑思维混乱，盲目性大。 对于干扰性较大，容易误导考生的试题不进行综合分析、逻辑推理，而是盲目取舍选项。【考题链接】I used to live selfishly,I should admit. But one moment changed me.I was on my lunch break and had 1 the office to get something to eat. On the way, I 2 a busker(街头艺人), with a hat in front of him. 1. A. left B. cleaned C. prepared D. searched 2. A. led B. chose C. saw D. fooled I had some 3 in my pocket, but I would not give them to him, thinking to myself he would 4 use the money to feed his addiction to drugs or alcohol. He 5 like that type-young and ragged. 6 what was I going to spend the money on? Only to feed my addiction to Coca-Cola or chocolate! I then 7 I had no right to place myself above 8 just because he was busking.I 9 and dropped all the coins into his 10 , and he smiled at me, I watched for a while. As 11 as it sounds, I expected something more to come from that momenta feeling of 12 or satisfaction, for example. But nothing happened. 13 , I walked off. “It proved to be a waste of 14 ,”I thought.On my way home at the end of the 15 , I saw the busker again and he was 16 . I watched him pick up the hat and walk 17 a cafe counter. There he poured the 18 contents into a tin collecting 19 an earthquake fund-raising(募捐) event. He was busking for charity(慈善)！Now I donate any 20 I have to charity tins and enjoy the feeling of giving. 3. A. chocolates B. coins C. tins D. drugs 4. A. almost B. only C. rather D. still 5. A. acted B. looked C. sounded D. smelt 6. A. Though B. For C. Therefore D. But 7. A. declared B. realized C. expected D. guessed 8. A. it B. all C. him D. them 9. A. waited B. followed C. stopped D. arrived 10. A. rag B. hat C. pocket D. counter 11. A. selfish B. awkward C. innocent D. special 12. A. happiness B. sadness C. love D. hate 13. A. Disappointedly B. Unfortunately C. Coincidentally D. comfortably14. A. words B . effort C . space D. money 15. A. moment B . day C . break D. event 16. A. walking around B. passing by C . packing up D. running off 17. A. around B . in C . behind D . to 18. A. chief B . basic C . actual D . total 19. A.by B . for C . on D . with 20. A.work B . time C . energy D .change 【答案及解析】1. A. 解析：由本句中的to get something to eat可以推断出此处选A。2. C. 解析：句意是：在路上，我看到一个街头艺人，他面前放着一顶帽子。选C。3. B. 解析：根据空后的in my pocket可推断出此处选B。4. B. 解析：句意是：我考虑他仅仅是用这些钱去满足自己的毒瘾或酒瘾。选B。5. B. 解析：根据本句中的young and ragged可推断出所填词和like构成搭配，意思是：看起来像，选B。6. D. 解析：此处与前一句是转折关系，故用转折连词but，选D。7. B. 解析：句意是：后来我意识到我不能因为他在街头卖艺就把自己（的地位）置于他之上。选B。8. C. 解析：所填词作介词above的宾语，指代那位街头艺人，故选C。9. C. 解析：由后文的dropped和walked off可推断出此处所填词的意思是：停下来，选C。10. B. 解析：由前文的with a hat in front of him可知此处选B。11. A. 解析：根据文章首句可知此处选A。12. A. 解析：所填词与satisfaction并列，意思应该相近，由此可以推断出此处选A。13. A. 解析：根据前一句But nothing happened可知此处选A，意思是：失望地。14. D. 解析：由前文的coins可知此处选D。15. B. 解析：根据本句中的on my way home可知所填词的意思是：当天，一天，选B。16. C. 解析：walk around: 徘徊，来回走；pass by：从旁边经过；pack up：收拾行李；pick up：捡起，拾起；接送；接收。句意是：我看到他在收拾行李。选C。17. D. 解析：所填介词与walk构成搭配，意思是：朝走去，表对象，介词用to，故选D。18. D. 解析：根据谓语动词poured可推断出此处选D。19. B. 解析：此处所填的介词表目的，意思是：为了，用for，故选B。20. D. 解析：根据动词donate和have可以推断出此处选D。（二）提分技巧1. 不断积累并熟练掌握词汇、语法等扎实的基本知识和基本技能。学习中，我们应对重要的语法项目，如定语从句、状语从句、倒装句、时态、非谓语动词、情态动词等进行总结概括，做到概念清晰，运用灵活。2. 加强训练，真正培养出较强的语感。 每日做两篇完形填空，注意内容的多样性，文章的难度应逐步提高。只要坚持训练，逻辑思维能力和观察分析能力将会有所提高，语感也会相应提高。 3. 培养耐心及信心，克服急躁、畏难心理。 做完形填空题时一定要充满信心，沉着冷静，要相信自己的实力并保持良好的心态，遇到问题及时解决，坚持不懈，就能稳步前进。 （三）即学即练I was a single parent of four small children, working at a low-paid job. Money was always tight, but we had a 1 over our heads, food on the table, clothes on our backs, and if not a lot, always 2 . Not knowing we were poor, my kids just thought I was 3 Ive always been glad about that.It was Christmas time, and although there wasnt 4 for a lot of gifts, we planned to celebrate with a family party. But the big 5 for the kids was the fun of Christmas 6 .They planned weeks ahead of time, asking 7 what they wanted for Christmas. Fortunately, I had saved $120 for 8 to share by all five of us.The big 9 arrived. I gave each kid a twenty-dollar bill and 10 them to look for gifts of about four dollars each. Then everyone scattered (散开). We had two hours to shop; then we would 11 back at the “Santas Workshop”.Driving home, everyone was in high Christmas spirits, 12 my younger daughter, Ginger, who was unusually 13 . She had only one small, flat bag with a few candies fifty-cent candies! I was so angry, but I didnt say anything 14 we got home. I called her into my bedroom and closed the door, 15 to be angry again. This is what she told me:“I was looking 16 thinking of what to buy, and I 17 to read the little cards on the Giving Trees. One was for a little girl, four years old, and all she 18 for Christmas was a doll . So I took the card off the tree and 19 the doll for her. We have so much and she doesnt have anything.”I never felt so 20 as I did that day.1. A. roof B. hat C. sky