被动语态讲义 (2).doc

九年级被动语态学习目标：掌握各种时态的被动语态的结构 能够正确的把主动语态变为被动语态 掌握被动语态的各种特殊用法重难点：被动语态的几种特殊用法一、语态概述 英语中动词有主动语态和被动语态两种语态. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者, 在被动语态中动作的执行者有时用by短语表示出来. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。例如：Many people speak English.（谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。） 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以do 为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。 歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。公式为： be（有时态的变化）+动词的过去分词1. 一般现在时： am (is, are) done.（every day, usually, often ）2. 一般过去时： was (were) done (yesterday, last night/week/month/year,in1885)3. 一般将来时： will (shall) be done ( next week/month/year, in the future) * 4. 现在进行时： am (is, are) being done ( now, these days, Look! Listen! )* 5. 现在完成时： have (has) been done （since+clause/ the past time, for + some time , so far, these days）6. 带情态动词的被动语态：must (can, may, should, need, would) be done 7 不定式的被动结构 to+ be+动词的过去分词 三、被动语态的用法 (歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。)1 不知动作执行者时,常用被动语态. eg. This car is made in America.2. 不必要说出动作执行者时,常用. eg. Rome was not built in a day.3. 为了突出强调动作的承受者时,常用被动语态.eg. English is spoken in many countries . 四、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him.- He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory.-The bikes are madeby themin the factory.歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。 五、含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词be过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。 歌诀是：情态动词变被动，情态加be加“过分”， （情态动词）原来带to要保留。例如：1 We can repair this watch in two days.This watch can be repaired in two days. 2 You ought to take it away. It ought to be taken away. 3 They should do it at once.It should be done at once. 六、从初中阶段所学五种基本句型谈变被动语态时应注意的问题。1主语 + 连系动词 + 表语 (S+V+P)此结构不可用被动语态。(正) The flowers smell sweet.(误) The flowers are smelt sweet.2主语 + 不及物动词 (S+V)此结构不可变被动语态。(正) An accident happened last night.(误) An accident was happened last night.3主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 (S + V+ O)（1）将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语Children often sing this song This song is often sung by children.（2）将含有介词或副词的动词短语变为被动结构时，不可将介词或副词去掉。We should listen to the teachers carefully.The teachers should be listened to carefully.4主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 (S + V+ IO+ DO)（1）.将表人的间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。He showed us a picture .We were shown a picture.（2）.将指物的直接宾语变为主语，要在间接宾语前加介词to或for.常用加to的动词give, show, pass, read等常用加for的动词 buy, get, make, sing, draw 等A picture was shown to us.A dictionary was bought for me by my parents.5 主语+及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 (S+ V+ O + C)如动词为 make, see, hear, watch 等，后接宾语补足语为不带“to”不定式时，变被动语态时要加上“to” 。I saw him fall off the tree.He was seen to fall off the tree.6. be + 过去分词 并非都是被动语态，系动词 be, feel, seem, look,等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，表示某种状态。 Im interested in mathematics. 我对数学感兴趣。*7. 某些动词用主动语态来表示被动含义。The womans clothes sell well. 女装卖的快。This book sells best.这本书很畅销. 课内探究案I 思考一：各种时态的被动语态的结构时态被动语态结构一般将来时一般过去时一般将来时 现在进行时现在完成时含有情态动词【模拟试题】1. Both Lily and Lucy to the party yesterday . A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D. were invited 2. I first met Mary three year ago . She at a radio shop at the time . A. has worked B. works C. was working D. will work 3. Bill might phone while Im out this evening . If he , could you take a message ? A. does B. might C. phoned D. will 4. Another new library last month in my hometown . A. built B. was built C. has been built D. is built 5. Its about ten months since the boy a Young Pioneer . A. became B. has become C. has been D. had been 6. Your E-mail address again ? I quite catch it . Fed langhter 263. com A. dont B. cant C. wont D. didnt 7. Where is Mr. Green now ? I havent seen him for a few days . He to Hong Kong . A. goes B. will go C. is going D. has gone8. A lot of food to that country after the war was over . A. was sent B. are sent C. is sending D. sent9. The world . Things never stay the same . A. changes B. is changing C. was changing D. will change 10. Oh , Mrs. King , your necklace looks nice . Is it new ? No , I it for two years . A. had B. have had C. bought D. have bought 11. The magazines to the library in two weeks . A. must return B. must be returned C. returned D. must be returning 12. John , you the computer game for two hours . Its bad for your eyes . Stop , please . OK . Mum . A. played B. have played C. were playing D. play13. Its more and more important to protect our earth .I agree with you . If everyone a contribution . A. make B. makes C. will make D. made 14. He wont leave his office until he his work . A. will finish B. finishes C. is finishing D. finish 15. We will talk about the problem as soon as we time . A. had B. have C. had had D. will have 16. Have you ever Lintong to see Terra Cotta Warriors ? Yes , I have . A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to 17. Im sorry youve missed the train . It 10 minutes ago . A. left B. has left C. had left D. had been left 18. Even hot sun cannot make the place dry because green plants there . A. are growing B. will grow C. grew D. grows 19. What are on show in the museum ? Some photos by Africa children . A. are taken B. we