机械毕业设计-圆柱齿轮注塑模的设计（齿数28 模数1）（含CAD图纸全套）
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机械毕业设计-圆柱齿轮注塑模的设计（齿数28
模数1）（含CAD图纸全套）
机械
毕业设计
圆柱齿轮
注塑
设计
28
CAD
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机械毕业设计-圆柱齿轮注塑模的设计（齿数28 模数1）（含CAD图纸全套）,机械毕业设计-圆柱齿轮注塑模的设计（齿数28,模数1）（含CAD图纸全套）,机械,毕业设计,圆柱齿轮,注塑,设计,28,CAD,图纸,全套
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塑料模具的编制和使用M. B.鲍里索夫 华联666.5:666.3.032石膏模具被广泛用于铸造陶瓷行业所需的用具。除了具有一定的优势，由于它们工作表面下穿在体内的水分和电解质的行动，所以还具有机械强度低，工作寿命短的好处。除此之外，在烘干机的温度不能高于65度，高于此温度石膏将被销毁。陶瓷产业开始安装时，寻找替代石膏的必要性增加为半自动成型和干燥加剧干燥条件机。我们的工厂1967年开始搜索替代石膏，并为此组织了一个研究小组，其中包含以下工人：AV Saveleva，PS波利亚科夫，电讯管理局局长Pashkova，弗吉尼亚州Kholkin，AV SarichevF. I. Lisov，和其他人。该研究小组在国家陶瓷研究的数据指导研究所开始工作。但是，这并没有回答一些工厂工作所产生的问题，例如：如何按模具设计和制造，以避免打击在两个平面的交点开裂面，一批每单位体积的模具，安排用什么热处理，如何获得均匀分布的孔隙，一般增加孔隙度，以及如何避免被人体坚持等。他们的研究结果之后，本集团于1969年开始准备开发PVC模具，并转换其使用的工厂的生产线。目前的时间有五板生产线，其中三个是在工厂浅200毫米板和两个深200毫米板，以及七行杯。使用塑料生产模具的24000板和35-37,000杯每一天（24小时）。临时的，每年可节省从所得只有一条生产线的引进，为2500卢布。世界杯生产的塑料模具的工作寿命达到4000个周期，仍然可以增加。板生产模具的生活仍然没有得到确定。他们的工厂于1969年举办了一个准备模具部分（图一）。原料是国内的聚氯乙烯乳胶，L - 5级，或乳化聚氯乙烯，E级62。聚氯乙烯是氯乙烯聚合的产物。（图一）（图二）它是一个白色的细分散（没有残留于0056筛号）粉末，密度1.41克/厘米3。在温度聚氯乙烯颗粒170-180和轻微的压力下（具体压力0.05公斤/厘米2）融化和凝聚。在第一阶段编制的模具是一个初步的振动成型（上振动表）确保统一的孔隙度。 振动表执行50振荡幅度0.5/秒。 振动成型是开展为15-20秒。初步振动成型是模具的过程中必不可少的一部分，因为，在成型过程中，产生内部应力集中分子接触点附近细颗粒的凝聚力。在烧结过程中，这种内部的压力是特别危险的。它可以被删除振动，这几乎完全打破了粒子之间的所有连接，并确保其均匀分布。在这块编制的塑料模具的基本设备是金属冲压模具（图二）这是45级或圣3钢。其内部表面必须镀铬。图一、手压；2）SNOL电加热模具热处理柜；3）内阁冷却模具；4）表的组装和拆除；5）站在准备模具；6）存储站在塑料；7）电加热干燥柜；8）完成的模具；9）表塑料包装；10）为测量出塑料表；11）振动表。图二、按模。 A）组装；B）拆除。如图扁平制品（板）塑料模具填补按模的过程（图三）。L-5粉末，以前在ll0在干燥柜干燥，然后筛选通过第05号筛，收费是按模矩阵，并用专用工具夷为平地。 胶量取决于模具的类型（卷）。为浅200毫米板，它是600克，深200毫米板660克，碗碟400克，并为杯500-515克。按模具打孔，然后插入在这样一种方式，它根据其自身的重量进入，直到它与塑料接触矩阵。要检查装配在这一点上的正确性，冲床旋转矩阵。组装冲压模具放在震动表压缩为15-20秒。压缩之后，矩阵法兰和打孔法兰之间的差距应该是8-10。顶部，从而给了0.05公斤/厘米2的压力。监测温度，温度计插入因此，它触及冲床中心。一个少量的塑料堆打孔法兰，其颜色的变化，是用来评估模具的准备。加热过程持续2-3小时，在其完成的按模的温度是170-175度。热过程完成后，温度计被删除并采取按模内阁，并放置到通风降温的内阁。按模，然后拆除使用一个提取螺丝。准备的塑料模具被删除，修剪边缘光滑，经检查后已准备就绪。中空制品（杯）模具准备根据以下的时间表。正确的聚氯乙烯塑料的金额投入矩阵（图四），并稳定下来。两个22-24毫米厚的间隔被放置在法兰矩阵1，矩阵2降低到使法兰盘上休息的间隔。然后放进冲3环，使法兰与水平法兰盘。组装冲压模具，然后上交上震动表法兰下降，与打孔法兰站在一个50 50毫米块。然后垫片。从法兰盘上取下，矩阵的底部放置8-10公斤的重量，定位，其中心轴冲压模具。振动器是打开背后的法兰环塑料振捣15-20秒。在振动矩阵和冲压法兰之间的间隙应约5-7打孔法兰和环约在10毫米之间。按模具，然后上交，和5-6毫米打孔法兰奠定了厚厚的包装，然后重量放在这给压力的0.05公斤/厘米2的热处理过程。按模具的重量，放在一个粘土基地6-8厘米，在电干燥柜厚根据的1.5-2 h（图5）的温度加热过程进行了180-185水银温度计监测温度。在热处理结束负载被删除，记者将电柜压在手上按直到环和冲压模法兰矩阵法兰接触。 10分钟后保留下的新闻按模拆除，放置在通风内阁降温至40-45按模被拆除和准备的塑料模具中提取，修整后投入使用。（图3) （图4）（图5）图3、1）停止垫圈；2）环；3）冲床；4）模具；5）聚氯乙烯。图4、 1）矩阵；2）环；3）冲床；4）螺钉；5）模具。图5、加工塑料模具的热处理图。直径为200毫米的钢板。在这些聚氯乙烯模具的准备和他们在工厂使用的经验表明，从上述的准备计划的偏差，导致各种故障在外观这表明，在与他们形成制品的过程中的模具显示下按，材料的孔隙率空心模具的肩膀上，下环上的空心模具的干裂缝。恒定控制调温的干燥柜内阁确保一个统一的期间的冲压件的热处理室的温度，并确保均匀加热对于所有的塑料厚度。由此产生的烧结均匀，防止模具生产与塑料之间的边缘和中心热膨胀系数不同。这大大降低模具的工作表面在使用过程中发生裂缝，并增加其工作生活。积累使用的模具工厂经验已经表明，它是必要的支付注意：半自动机底座下的模具持有人仔细调整;选择成型的时间表;避免与身体接触的时刻的辊突然降低;选择正确的成型辊的速度（300-550 转杯和板250-275转）和模具持有人（750-800 转杯和板300-500转）为了避免生产废“嗡嗡声”和“呼呼声”。如果不遵守这些要求，也可导致模具的损坏（崩过肩，并挖掘出与中空制品的底部）。生产的模具，不同的颜色从玫瑰到深褐色，根据工期在不断的压力和电柜最后温度的热处理。深褐色的具有低孔隙度，并在实践中不能使用。彩色的上升有足够的工作性质，但其机械强度低，大大降低了他们的工作生活。获得均匀分布的毛孔孔隙率31-35的正常工作，并在同一同时保留必要的机械强度，在生产中最棘手的问题之一是模具。如果被迫热处理，这迅速导致表面地壳的外观原料在模具内部。为了加快热量，如果最终温度升高高于210治疗，这导致了塑料的分解与摧毁了表面的气体演变模具。经广泛调查后，按模塑料的最佳加热时间表，这给模具所需的质量，如图五。在编制和使用的模具，塑料的正确金额的经验，每单位体积模具被确定为0.9克/厘米3。这使其他因素保持不变，保持为不断密度模具。模具验收的技术标准，建立了工厂。他们必须有一个顺利密集的工作表面和均匀的色彩匹配既定的标准。尺寸变化不得超过正负0.05。模具必须有没有变形。他们的孔隙率必须在31-35之间。其吸水率决定在工厂开发出一种方法。在这些模具制品的表面要求没有进一步的治疗，这是一个商业优势。石膏的工厂消费减少了每年500万吨。劳动力需求重型装载/卸载工作是减少，劳动者的工作/模塑解除，交通是释放。厂队将继续引进更进步的方法准备工作加快增加输出给每按模模具的热处理工艺，塑料模具，并要提高其机械强度，同时保持高孔隙度。参考文献1、SM. Tsenter et al，Steklo i Keram，第1号（1969年）。4THE PREPARATION AND USE OF PLASTIC MOLDS M. B. Borisov UDC 666.5:666.3.032 Plaster molds are widely used for casting wares in the ceramics industry. Apart from certain ad- vantages, they have a low mechanical strength and short working life due to wear of the work surface under the action of water and electrolytes in the body. Besides this, the temperature in the dryer cannot be higher than 65 as above this temperature the plaster is destroyed. The necessity of finding a substitute for plaster was increased when the porcelain industry began in- stalling semiautomatic machines for molding and drying, with intensified drying conditions. The search for a substitute for plaster began in our factory in 1967, and to this end a group was organized containing the following workers: A. V. Saveleva, P. S. Polyakov, T. A. Pashkova, V. A. Kholkin, A. V. Sarichev, F. I. Lisov, and others. At the start of their work the research group were guided by data from the State Ceramics Research Institute 1. However, this did not answer a number of questions arising from the working of the plant, such as: how to design and make press molds so as to avoid cracking in the plane of intersection of two surfaces, what batch to take per unit volume of mold, what schedule to use for the heat treatment, how to obtain uniform distribution of pores and increase general porosity, and how to avoid adhering by the body, etc. Following on the results of their research, in 1969 the group began developing the preparation of PVC molds, and converting the production line of the factory to their use. At the present time there are in the factory five production lines for plates, three of which are for shallow 200 mm plates and two for deep 200 mm plates, as well as seven lines for cups. Using the plastic molds a totalof24,000 plates and 35-37,000 cups are produced per day (24 h). The provisional annual saving accruing from the introduction of only one production line is 2500 rubles. The working life of the plastic molds in cup production reaches 4000 cycles and can still be increased. The life of the molds in plate production has still not been determined. A section for preparing the molds was organized in the factory in 1969 (Fig. 1). The raw material was domestic polyvinylchloride latex, grade L-5, or emulsified polyvinylchloride, grade E-62. Polyvinyl- chloride is the product of polymerization of vinyl chloride. It is a white finely dispersed (no residue on No. 0056 sieve) powder of density 1.41 g/cm 3. At a tempera- ture of 170-180 and under slight pressure (specific pressure 0.05 kg/cm 2) the polyvinylchloride par- ticles melt and cohere. The first stage in the preparation of the molds is a preliminary vibromolding (on the vibrotable) which ensures uniform porosity. The vibrotable performs 50 oscillations/sec with an amplitude of 0.5 ram. The vibromolding is carried out for 15-20 sec. This preliminary vibromolding is an essential part of the process for making the molds, since, during molding, internal stresses are generated which are concentrated near the points of contact of molec- ular cohesion of the fine particles. This internal stress is especially dangerous during the process of sin- tering. It can be removed by vibration, which almost completely breaks all connections between particles and ensures their uniform distribution. The basic piece of equipment in the preparation of the plastic molds is the metal press-mold (Fig. 2) which is made from grade 45 or St. 3 steel. Its internal surface must be chromium plated. Dulevo Porcelain Factory. Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 3, pp. 7-9, March, 1972. ?9 1972 Consultants Bureau, a division of Plenum Publishing Corporation, 227 g/est 17th Street, New York, N. Y. 10011. All rights reserved. This article cannot be reproduced for any purpose whatsoever without permission of the publisher. A copy of this article is available from the publisher for $i5.00. 147 ,.- 13 500 l 2 3 45 6 fi IO 9 8 7 Fig. I Fig. 2 Fig. I. i) Hand press; 2) SNOL electrically heated cabinet for heat treatment of the molds; 3) cabinet for cooling the molds; 4) table for assembly and dismantling; 5) stand for prepared molds; 6) storage for the plastics; 7) electrically heated cabinet for drying; 8) stand for finishing the molds; 9) table for packing plastics; i0) table for measuring out plastics; ii) vibrating table. Fig. 2. Press-mold. a) Assembled; b) dismantled. The process of filling the press-mold for making flat ware (plates) plastic molds is shown in Fig. 3. L-5 powder, which has previously been dried in the eleetrodrying cabinet at ll0 and then screened through a No. 05 sieve, is charged into the matrix of the press-mold and leveled with a special tool. The amount of plastic depends on the type (volume) of the mold. For shallow 200 mm plates it is 600 g, for deep 200 mm plates 660 g, for saucers 400 g, and for cups 500-515 g. The press-mold punch is then in- serted into the matrix in such a way that it enters under its own weight until it is in contact with the plastic. To check the correctness of assembly at this point, the punch is rotated relative to the matrix. The assembled press-mold is placed on the vibrotable and compacted for 15-20 sec. After com- pacting, the gap between the matrix flange and the punch flange should be 8-10 ram. The press-mold is next inserted into SNOL electrocabinet for the heat process and a weight is placed on the top so as to give a pressure of 0.05 kg/cm 2. To monitor the temperature, a thermometer is inserted so that it touches the center of the punch. A small amount of the plastic is heaped on the punch flange, and its change in color is used to assess the readiness of the mold. The heat process continues for 2-3 h and at its completion the temperature of the press-mold is 170-175 After the completion of the heat process, the thermometer is removed and the press-mold taken from the cabinet and placed into the ventilated cabinet to cool. The press-mold is then dismantled using an ex- traction screw. The prepared plastic mold is removed, trimmed smooth at the edges, and after inspection is ready for use. The molds for the hollow wares (cups) were prepared according to the following schedule. The cor- rect amount of PVC plastic was put into the matrix Fig. 4) and leveled off. Two 22-24 mm thick spacers were placed on the flange of the matrix 1, and the matrix 2 lowered onto it so that the ring flange was resting on the spacers. The punch 3 was then lowered into the ring so that its flange was level with the ring flange. The assembled press-mold was then turned over and placed flange down on the vibrotable, with the punch flange standing on a 50 x 50 mm block. The spacers were then. removed from under the ring flange, and a weight of 8-10 kg placed on the bottom of the matrix, positioned to that its center lay on the axis of the press-mold. The vibrator was turned on and the ring held behind the flange vibrated the plastic for 15-20 sec. After vibrating the clearance between the flanges of the matrix and punch should be about 5-7 ram, and between the punch flange and the ring about 10 mm. The press-mold was then turned over, and 5-6 mm thick packing laid on the punch flange, and then the weight placed on this which gave the pressure of 0.05 kg/cm 2 for the heat process. The press-mold, with the weight, was placed in the electrodrying cabinet on a fireclay base 6-8 cm thick. The heating process was carried out according to the graph (Fig. 5) for 1.5-2 h up to a temperature of of 180-185 The temperature was monitored by a mercury thermometer. At the end of the heat treatment the load was removed and the press-mold taken from the electrocabinet and pressed on the hand press until 148 Fig. 3 tc 160 _ . =.: .iu/ 0 20 40 60 80 lOO Time, rain Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 3. 1) Stop washer; 2) ring; 3) punch; 4) die; 5) polyvinylchloride. Fig. 4. 1) Matrix; 2) ring; 3) punch; 4) screw; 5) mold. Fig. 5. Heat treatment graphs for processing plastic molds. 200 mm diameter plates. 1) For cups; 2) for shallow the ring and punch flanges made contact with the matrix flange. After retaining under the press for 10 min the press-mold was removed and placed in the ventilated cabinet to cool down to 40-45 The press-mold was dismantled and the prepared plastic mold extracted. After trimming it was ready for use. Experience in the preparation of these polyvinylchloride molds and in their use in the factory has shown that deviation from the above preparation schedules leads to the appearance of various faults in the molds which show up during the process of forming wares with them: underpressing, porosity of the ma- terial under the shoulders of the hollow mold, ring cracks on the stem of the hollow mold. Constant control of the electrodrying cabinet by means of the thermoregulator ensures a uniform temperature in the chamber during the heat treatment of the pressings, and ensures uniform heating of the plastic for all section thicknesses. The resultant uniformity of sintering prevents the production of a mold with different coefficients of thermal expansion between the edges and center of the plastic. This greatly reduces the occurrence of cracks in the working surface of the mold during use and increases its working life. Accumulated experience in the use of the molds in the factory has shown that it is necessary to pay attention to: careful adjustment of the mold holder under the pedestal of the semiautomatic machine; selec- tion of the molding schedule; avoiding sudden lowering of the roller at the moment of contact with the body; the selection of the correct speed for the molding roller (500-550 rpm for cups and 250-275 rpm for plates) and for the mold holder (750-800 rpm for cups and 300-500 for plates) in order to avoid the production of scrap in the form of humpers and whirlers. Failure to observe these requirements can also lead to damage to the mold (chipping off the shoulder, and digging out the bottom with hollow ware). The molds when produced vary in color from rose to dark brown, according to the duration of the heat treatment at constant pressure and the final temperature in the electrocabinet. The dark brown ones have low porosity, and in practice cannot be used. The rose colored ones have adequate working proper- ties, but their low mechanical strength significantly reduces their working life. Obtaining the normal working porosity of 31-35%, with uniformly distributed pores, and at the same time retaining the necessary mechanical strength, was one of the most difficult problems in the production of the molds. If the heat treatment was forced, this rapidly led to the appearance of a surface crust with a raw interior in the mold. If the final temperature was raised above 210 in order to speed up the heat treatment, this led to decomposition of the plastic with the
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