2016上海高考词汇新增重点.docx

2016高考词汇手册新增词汇在2016年高考词汇手册中，新加入的单词并不多，调整的主要内容放在了对已有词汇的增补词义上。在后文的表格文本中，用红色、斜体、加粗、下划线标出的是新增词汇或新增词义。表中对大部分词汇配以了例句进行注解。所有例句均来自于牛津高阶字典第7版（Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary,OALD），可放心参考。有些词义实在是找不到例句，请大家理解。单独重点背诵新增单词、词义究竟有没有意义？我觉得还是举一个具体的例子，让大家自己来思考。在2015年的高考词汇手册中，新增了很多单词及词义，其中就有deliberate。它的意思是“慎重的；故意的”。这个单词它出现在了2015年高考真题中。具体位置是阅读的最后一个篇章，也就是“回答问题”这个题型中，而且还出现了15次。其中文章里出现了10次，题目中出现了5次。可以说，有没有背出这个单词对理解整篇文章及解题都至关重要。其实还有其他新增的词义也出现在了当年的高考中，但篇幅有限，在这里就不赘述了。还是希望你能仔细阅读这份资料，取得一些进步。academicadj. 学校的；学术的；普通文化课的accountn. 记述，陈述；理由；解释；账（目），账户vi. 报账；提出理由（for）How do youaccount for the shows success?你认为这次演出为何成功？【提出理由】e.g.The poor weather may have accounted for the small crowd.天气不好可能是人来得少的原因。【提出理由】adaptv. （使）适应，（使）合适；改编，改写e.g.Three of her novels have been adapted for television.她的长篇小说中有三部已改编成电视节目。【改编】aimvt.把瞄准，把对准(at)；使旨在(at)vi. 瞄准；目标在于，旨在 (at)n. 瞄准；目的，目标e.g.These measures are aimed at preventing violent crime.这些措施旨在防止暴力犯罪。【旨在】availableadj. 可获得的；可利用的；可取得联系的e.g.Every available doctor was called to the scene.所有能找到的医生都被召集到了现场。【可取得联系的】babyn. 婴儿；幼畜；幼兽e.g.a baby monkey/blackbird 幼猴；黑鹂雏【幼畜；幼兽】badlyadv. 坏；差；严重地；厉害的adj. 健康不好的；有病的；情绪低落的basinn. 盆，洗脸盆；洗涤槽；盆地chopv. 砍，劈，斩；大幅度削减n. 砍击；砍下的一块；排骨肉e.g.The share price was chopped from 50 pence to 20 pence.股价由每股 50 便士猛降至 20 便士。【大幅度削减】contextn. 上下文，语境；背景，环境e.g. This speech needs to be set in the context ofBritain in the 1960s.这篇演说需要放到 20 世纪 60 年代的英国这一背景之下来看待。【背景，环境】e.g. His decision can only be understood in context.只有了解来龙去脉才能明白他的决定。【背景，环境】contractn. 合同 /kntrkt/v. 立约规定，订合同（契约）；（使）收缩，（使）缩小；感染（疾病）/kntrkt/e.g. Glass contracts as it cools. 玻璃遇冷收缩。【收缩】e.g. a contracting market 萎缩的市场【收缩】e.g. The heart muscles contract to expel the blood.心脏肌肉收缩以挤压出血液。【收缩】e.g.to contract AIDS/a virus/a disease感染艾滋病、病毒、疾病【感染】couchn. 长沙发covern. （书的）封面；盖子vt.覆盖；掩盖；掩蔽；行过（一段路程）；包括；涉及e.g.She covered her face with her hands. 她双手掩面。【掩盖】e.g.By sunset we had covered thirty miles.到日落时我们已走了三十英里。【行过（一段路程）】e.g.They walked for a long time and covereda good deal ofground.他们步行了很长时间，走了好长的一段路。【行过（一段路程）】e.g.The lectures covereda lot ofground(= a lot of material, subjects, etc.).这些讲座涉及的内容极为广泛丰富。【包括；涉及】e.g.The survey covers all aspects of the business.调查包括这家企业的各个方面。【包括；涉及】criticismn. 批评，批判；评论e.g.literary criticism 文学评论【评论】criticizev. 批评，批判；指责，非难；评论；评价e.g.We were taught how to criticize poems.我们学习了怎样评论诗歌。【评论；评价】crucialadj. 决定性的，关键性的，至关重要的；严酷的；极好的e.g.Winning this contract is crucial to the success of the company.赢得这份合同对这家公司的成败至关重要。【至关重要的】e.g.Parents play a crucial rolein preparing their child for school.父母对孩子做好上学的准备起着至关重要的作用。【至关重要的】dealvt.给予；分配；分给vi. 处理；论述；谈到(with)n. 数量；（一揽子）交易e.g.Many judges deal out harsher sentences to men than to women. 许多法官对男性比对女性的判决更严厉。【给予（判决、处罚）】e.g.The profits were dealt out among the investors.利润分给了投资者。【分配】e.g.We did a dealwith the management on overtime.我们与资方在加班问题上达成了一项协议。【交易】e.g. They were hoping for a better pay deal.他们希望达成一项提高工资的协议。【交易】departuren. 离开；起程，出发；背离e.g.It was a radical departure from tradition.这从根本上违背了传统。【背离】deskn. 书桌；办公桌；（办公大楼、宾馆等中的）服务台e.g. the check-in desk （机场）验票领取登机卡处【服务台】e.g. the reception desk 接待处【服务台】desktopadj. （电脑等）台式的n. 桌面；台式电脑；桌面dreamn. 梦，睡梦；理想v. 做梦；梦想Her lifelong dream was to be a famous writer.她的毕生愿望就是成为名作家。envyv. 羡慕，嫉妒n. 羡慕（的目标）；嫉妒（的对象）She felt a pang of envy at the thought of his success.她想到他的成功便感到一阵忌妒的痛苦。【嫉妒】They looked with envyat her latest purchase.他们羡慕她最近买到的东西。【羡慕】fencen. 栅栏；围栏；篱笆；击剑术flavourn. 味，滋味，味道；调味品；特点，特色；气味，香味e.g.The tomatoes giveextra flavor to the sauce.西红柿使调味汁别有风味。【味道】e.g.Foreign visitors help to give atruly internationalflavourto the occasion.外国客人使这个场合显出一种真正国际性的气氛。【特点】hikevi. & n. 徒步旅行e.g.They went on a ten-mile hike through the forest.他们做了一次穿越森林的十英里徒步旅行。【徒步旅行n.】e.g.strong boots for hiking over rough country适合在崎岖不平的山路徒步旅行用的结实靴子【徒步旅行v.】inchn. 英寸v. （使）缓慢地移动She moved forward, inching towards the rope.她小心翼翼地慢慢向绳子挪过去。【缓慢地移动】 I inched the car forward. 我开着车小心地缓缓前行。【（使）缓慢地移动】literacyn. 识字，有文化；读写能力；熟谙文学；善与写作a campaign to promote adult literacy提高成人文化水平的运动【读写能力】basic literacy skills基本的读写技巧【读写能力】lossn. 损失；丧失；损失；输；失利e.g.Her departure is a big lossto the school.她这一走对学校来说是一个巨大的损失。【损失】e.g.Brazils 21 loss to Argentina巴西对阿根廷 1:2 的落败【失利】lotn. 抽签；运气；大量adv. 到极大程度，非常；常常manualadj. 手（工）的；体力的n. 手册；指南My camera has manual and automatic functions.我的照相机有手调和自动两种功能。【手（工）的】e.g. manual and non-manual workers体力劳动者和非体力劳动者【体力的】e.g.a computer/car/instruction manual计算机、汽车说明书；用法指南【手册；指南】nailn. 钉子；指甲vt.钉，把钉上；钉牢e.g.I nailed the sign to a tree.我将标示牌钉到了一棵树上。【把钉上】peern. 同辈；同龄人；（才能、学识等方面）相匹敌的人e.g. Children are worried about failing in front of their peers.儿童都怕在同伴面前失败。【同龄人】e.g. Peer pressureis strong among young people(= they want to be like other people of the same age).年轻人受到强大的同辈压力。【同辈】pinn. 别针；发夹vt.（用大头针等）别住，钉住e.g.She pinned the badge onto her jacket.她把徽章别到外衣上。【别住】e.g.A message had been pinned to the noticeboard.布告牌上钉着一条消息。【钉住】powern. 电力；能力；力；权力vt.给提供动力，使开动e.g.The aircraft is powered by a jet engine.这架飞机由喷气发动机驱动。【给提供动力】e.g.She powered her wayinto the lead.她迅速用力冲到最前面。【使开动】prejudicen. 偏见，成见vt.使有偏见，使有成见；使产生歧视e.g.The prosecution lawyers have been trying to prejudice the jury against her. 控方律师一直力图使陪审团对她形成偏见。【使有偏见】questionn. 问题；疑问v. 询问；审问；对表示出疑问；对提出异议e.g.I just accepted what he told me. I never thought to question it.他说什么我就接受什么。我从未想过要去怀疑它。【对表示出疑问】No one has ever questioned her judgement.对她的判断从没有人表示过怀疑。【对表示出疑问】rankvt.把排成行，排列；把分等vi. （在序列中）占特定等级；排成队伍n. 排，行，列；队形；地位；军衔；官衔；等级e.g.At the height of her career she ranked second in the world. 在她事业的顶峰时期，她排名世界第二位。【（在序列中）占特定等级】reachvt.抵达，到达；达到；伸出（肢体等）vi. 达到；延伸；伸手去拿n. （手、足等）伸出；伸出能力（智力、影响等）所及范围e.g. The shot was well beyond the reach ofthe goalkeeper.这次射门使守门员鞭长莫及。【（手、足等）伸出】e.g. Victory is now out of her reach.胜利现在对于她来说遥不可及。【（智力、影响等）所及范围】e.g. The basic model is priced well within the reach ofmost people.基本款式的定价大多数人都完全负担得起。【（智力、影响等）所及范围】readern. 读者；读物；阅读器reducevt.减少；缩小；使变为，使沦为e.g.a beautiful building reduced to rubble已化为残垣断壁的漂亮建筑【使变为】They were reduced to begging in the streets.他们沦落到沿街乞讨。【使沦为】reflectvt.反射；反映；深思，考虑，反省 (on, upon)e.g. Before I decide, I need time to reflect.在作出决定以前，我需要时间认真考虑考虑。【深思】e.g. She was left to reflect on the implications of her decision.由她负责考虑她这个决定会牵扯哪些问题。【深思】revolutionn. 革命；革命性剧变；旋转；绕转e.g. A revolution in information technology is taking place.信息技术正在发生巨变。【革命性剧变】e.g.the revolution of the earth around the sun地球环绕太阳的公转【旋转】roarvi. （狮、虎等）吼叫；大声叫喊；轰鸣vt.大声喊出；使轰鸣n. 吼声；轰鸣；大笑，喊声；喧闹声e.g.His speech was greeted by a roar of applause.他的讲话引来了雷鸣般的掌声。【喧闹声】e.g.roars of laughter 放声大笑【大笑】I could barely hear above the roar of traffic.除了过往车辆的轰鸣声，我几乎什么也听不见【轰鸣】setvt.放；设置，安装；为（故事等）设置背景e.g