william Blake威廉 布莱克.ppt

WilliamBlake威廉 布莱克 1757 1827 LifeExperience LiteraryCreations LiteraryPosition LifeExperience 1779 astudentattheRoyalAcademy 1783 hisfirstcollectionofpoemsPoeticalSketcheswasprinted 1782 hemarriedtheilliterateCatherineandtaughthertoread writeandengrave 14 20anapprenticetoanengraver 21aprofessionalengraver Hewaseducatedathomeuntil10 Textinhere amemorialofhimwasatthePoetsCornerinWestminsterAbbey hallucination 幻觉eg atreefullofangels从童年时代起 布莱克就充满了丰富的想像力 并且时常经历幻想 他说他曾看见过缀满天使的大树 曾见到过安葬在威斯敏斯特教堂中的古圣先贤 并给他们画过画像 他把自己所看到的一切用绘画和诗歌表现出来 他的画大多是经过深思熟虑后的变形人体或表现他幻觉中所见到的人物 布莱克一生都没有得到官方或公众的赏识 在当时人们的眼中 它是个反理性主义者 梦幻家和神秘主义者 一个远离尘世的人和偏执狂 他的作品没有受到重视 直到十九 二十世纪之交 叶芝等人重编了他的诗集 人们才惊讶于他的纯真与深刻 接着是他的书信和笔记的发表 他的神启式的画也逐渐普及 于是诗人与画家布莱克的地位才确立无疑 Blake spoliticalviews Blakewasarebel Blakestronglycriticizedthecapitalists cruelexploitation sayingthatthe darksatanicmillsleftmenunemployed killedchildrenandforcedprostitution HecherishedgreatexpectationsandenthusiasmfortheFrenchRevolution 1 PoemsPoeticalSketches 诗歌素描 hisfirstcollectionofpoemsSongsofInnocence 1789 天真之歌 SongsofExperience 1794 经验之歌 LiteraryCreations PoeticalSketches 12 20岁之间写作的诗 尝试写作莎士比亚的无韵诗以及民谣形式的诗和抒情诗 有对诗坛充斥的娇柔造作表示毫无偏见的叹息 也有对统治地位的理性法则充满轻视 还有赞同伊丽莎白时期清新的诗歌 Acollectionoflyricalpoems whicharehighlymusical Blake sdistinctivethemesofloveandjealousy togetherwithveryearlyversionsofsomeofhismythologicalfigures canbeglimpsedinthedelicatelyconstructedsongs SongsofInnocence IntheintroductionofSongsofInnocence thepoetcompareshimselftoalaughingchilduponacloud SongsofInnocencecontainspoemsinwhichwecanseepicturesofmerrynatureandinnocentchildren Usingalanguagewhichevenlittlebabiescanlearnbyheart alaughingchilduponacloud IntheintroductionofSongsofExperience thepoetbecomes thelapsed流失的Soulweepingintheeveningdew InSongsofExperienceBlakedrewpicturesofneedinessanddistressandshowedthesufferingsofthepoor Somebest knownpoems 天真之歌 和 经验之歌 中最著名的一些诗篇TheLittleBlackBoy 黑小孩 TheChimneySweeper 扫烟囱的孩子 TheLamb 羊羔 TheTiger 老虎 AhSunflower 啊 向日葵 London 伦敦 TheTiger AhSunflower AhSunflower wearyoftime Whocountestthestepsofthesun SeekingafterthatsweetgoldenclimeWherethetraveller sjourneyisdone WheretheYouthpinedawaywithdesire Andthepalevirginshroudedinsnow Arisefromtheirgraves andaspireWheremySunflowerwishestogo 啊 向日葵 啊 向日葵 怀着对时间的厌倦整天数着太阳的脚步 它寻求甜蜜而金色的天边 倦旅的旅途在那儿结束 那儿 少年因渴望而憔悴早殇 苍白的处女盖着雪的尸布 都从他们坟中起来向往 向着我的向日葵要去的国度 飞白译 AuguriesofInnocence ToseeaWorldinaGrainofSandAndaHeaveninaWildFlower HoldInfinityinthepalmofyourhandAndEternityinanhour 天真的预示一颗沙里看出一个世界 一朵野花里一座天堂 把无限放在你的手掌上 永恒在一刹那里收藏 梁宗岱译 扫烟囱孩子 一 选自 天真之歌 卞之琳译 我母亲死的时候 我还小得很 我父亲把我拿出来卖给了别人 我当时还不大喊得清 扫呀 扫 我就扫你们烟囱 裹煤屑睡觉 有个小托姆 头发卷得像小羊头 剃光的时候 哭得好伤心 好难受 我就说 小托姆 不要紧 光了脑袋 大起来煤屑就不会糟蹋你白头发 他就安安静静了 当天夜里 托姆睡着了 事情就来得稀奇 他看见千千万万的扫烟囱小孩阿猫阿狗全都给锁进了黑棺材 后来来了个天使 拿了把金钥匙 开棺材放出了孩子们 真是好天使 他们就边跳 边笑 边跑过草坪 到河里洗了澡 太阳里晒得亮晶晶 光光的 白白的 把袋子都抛个一地 他们就升上了云端 在风里游戏 只要你做个好孩子 天使对托姆说 上帝会做你的父亲 你永远快乐 托姆就醒了 屋子里黑咕隆咚 我们就起来拿袋子 扫帚去做工 大清早尽管冷 托姆的心里可温暖 这叫做 各尽本分 就不怕灾难 TheChimneySweeper II AlittleblackthingamongthesnowCrying weep weep innotesofwoe Wherearethyfather mother say Theyarebothgoneuptothechurchtopray BecauseIwashappyupontheheath Andsmil damongthewinter ssnow Theyclothedmeintheclothesofdeath Andtaughtmetosingthenotesofwoe AndbecauseIamhappy dance sing Theythinktheyhavedonemenoinjury AndaregonetopraiseGod hisPriest King Whomakeupaheavenofourmisery Prose TheMarriageofHeavenandHell 1790 天堂与地狱的联姻 TheFrenchRevolution 法国大革命 1791 Prose TheMarriageofHeavenandHell 1790 天堂与地狱的联姻 想象力的赞美诗 AproseworkisimportantforitsexpressionofBlake sspiritofrevoltagainstoppression Hemaintainslibertyagainstthelawofbourgeoissociety 布莱克对当时所有的政府 道德以及宗教法规进行抨击批判 Blake sEtchings 蚀刻画 Thelover swhirlwindForDante swork ThegreatreddragonandthewomanclothedwithSunfortheBible TheGoodandtheBadAngels WilliamBlake1757 1827ElohimcreatingAdam1795 DanteandVergilTheDivineComedy Blake sliteraryachievements 1 Asymbolist oramystic神秘主义者 manypoemsareobscureandcanbeinterpretedonlysymbolically 2 Hislyricpoetrydisplaysthecharacteristicsoftheromanticspirit visualimages imagination 3 Naturalsentiment怜悯之情andindividualoriginalityofhispoems 4 图 文结合 诗中有画 画中有诗Mostofhisworksweredesignedandproducedasmultimedia combiningverbalandvisualmodesofexpressionwithinnovativetechnologicalmethodsofengravingandprinting StephenMarx2 BlakeisconsiderednotonlyamajorEnglishwriterbutanimportantfigureinthehistoryofart艺术史上的重要人物 Pre romanticism WhendidPre romanticismappear inthelatterhalfofthe18thcenturyWhatarethemainfeaturesofPre romanticism RomanticRevival StrongprotestagainstthebondageofClassicismClaimsofpassionandemotionRenewedinterestsinmedievalliterature Pre romanticism Whoaretherepresentatives WilliamBlakeandRobertBurnsWhat sthesignificance markedthedeclineofclassicismpavedthewayforthecomingofromanticisminEngland CompanyLogo AnalysisofLondon London Iwanderthro eachcharter dstreet Nearwherethecharter dThamesdoesflow AndmarkineveryfaceImeetMarksofweakness marksofwoe IneverycryofeveryMan IneveryInfantscryoffear Ineveryvoice ineveryban Themind forg dmanaclesIhear HowtheChimney sweeperscryEveryblack ningChurchappalls AndthehaplessSoldierssighRunsinblooddownPalacewallsButmostthro midnightstreetsIhearHowtheyouthfulHarlotscurseBlaststhenew bornInfantstearAndblightswithplaguestheMarriagehearse I Structure Stanzas1 3 themiseriesofpeoplethatthepoetsawandheardindaytimeStanza4 themiseriesofpoeplethatthepoetsawandheardatnight II rhymescheme Therhymeschemeofthispoemis abab charteredstreets charteredThames 1 charter d chartered monopolized被垄断了的 当时英国资本主义工商业已相当发达 许多大公司企业获得了专利权 伦敦大街及泰晤士河上航运均为大资本家控制2 theThames River 泰晤士河 3 mark s 1 vt notice see注意 看到 2 n signs traces痕迹 迹象 4 weakness fatigue tiredness physical woe mentaloremotional grief 5 themind forg dmanacles 由 精神 铸造的 枷锁 manaclesmadebythemind III Paraphrase manacles枷锁 chimney sweepers 6 theChimney sweeper Inthe18thcenturysmallboys sometimesnomorethan4or5yearsold wereemployedtoclimbupthenarrowchimneysandcleaninside collectingthesoot烟灰inbags Suchboys sometimessoldtothemastersweepersbytheirparentsowingtopoverty weremiserablytreatedbytheirmastersandoftensuffereddiseaseandphysicalinjuries churches 7 theChimney sweeper scryCry Weep哭泣implyingsadness sorrowandweepingtearsoftheboysCry Sweep 大喊 扫烟囱啰 8 blackeningchurch thechurchesturnedblackbecauseoftheburningofcoals Black impliedthattheclergymenarehypocriticalandcorrupted 9 thechurchappals theclergymanappalsatthecryoftheboys TheclergymanhiredtheboystocollectthesootarousedthedisgustofthepoetBlake CompanyLogo 1710 1837 BuckinghamPalaceofvariousages now CompanyLogo FiveSensesofHumanBeingsSenseofhearing听觉Senseofsight视觉Senseoftaste味觉Senseofsmelling嗅觉Senseoftouch触觉 CompanyLogo 10 thehaplessSoldiersigh theunluckysoldierwhowaswoundedorevencrippledinthewarfordefendingthestate monarchbutnowisdesertedbythecountryandhastobegforhislivingoutsidethepalacesincehecannotfindanyjobasadisabledperson 11 runinblooddownthepalacewall thesoldier sbloodrunsdownthepalacewallSynesthesiaisusedinthesetwolines 通感 联觉themixtureuseofSenseofHearing eg sigh 听觉andSenseofSight eg blood 视觉 12 Palacewalls acontrastinside grandballs luxuriousbanquets etc ofthecourt theroyalfamilyoutside thecrippledsoldiersaresufferingfromthebleedingwoundandhunger13 theyouthfulharlot theyoungprostitute妓女14 theyouthfulHarlotscurseblaststhenew bornInfantstear theyoungprostitutescursethemenwhobroughtvenerealdiseasetothemandtheircursefrightensthenew bornbabiesfromcrying CompanyLogo 15 thenew borninfantstear thenew bornbabiescrybecauseofthediseasetheygetwhentheywereborn16 blights damages undermines17 plagues thevenerealdiseasecausedbyprostitution whoring 卖淫性病 如梅毒syphilis 病菌造成的胎儿先天性失明18 theMarriagehearse turnedthemarriageintoafuneral implyinganemotionaldeath lovelessmarriagebasedonmoneyleadingtoextra maritalsexhearse thevehicletocarrydeadpeople灵车 CompanyLogo 19 ThedescriptionofthesethreekindsofpeopleisthecriticismofthethreemajorinstitutionsofEngland1 Thereligioussystem thehypocrisyoftheclergymeninthechurchesisexposedbythechimneysweeper scry CompanyLogo 2 thecrueltyofthestateisrevealedbythesoldier ssuffering3 themarriagesystemiscriticizedasbasedonmoneyandbeinglovelessandasleadingtoextra maritalsexwhichcouldincurv d III 伦敦 王佐良译 我走过每条独占的街道 徘徊在独占的泰晤士河边 我看见每个过往的行人 有一张衰弱 痛苦的脸 每个人的每声呼喊 每个婴孩害怕的号叫 每句话 每条禁令 都响着心灵铸成的镣铐 多少扫烟囱孩子的喊叫 震惊了一座座熏黑的教堂 不幸兵士的长叹 化成鲜血流下了宫墙 最怕是深夜的街头 又听年轻妓女的诅咒 它骇住了初生儿的眼泪 又用瘟疫摧残了婚礼丧车 IV ThemeInthepoemLondonthewholepictureofthemiseriesintheEnglishcapitalisreflected Q 1 1 coined self created 2 past participlesusedasadjectives 3 ParadoxicalcombinationQ 2 thelinguisticfeatures 语言特征1 short simplewords e g every cry Ihear etc 2 repetition Therearealtogether3marks 3cries 2charter d 6every 2how and2hears3 past participlesusedasadjectives QuestionsforLondon Q 3 its anvilmusic 打铁般的乐感1 byrepeatingshortsimplewordsorphrases 2 andbyusingregularstanzaformandtherhymescheme abab Assignment DescribeLondoninyourownwordsandwithyourimagination basedontheinformationgiveninBlake spoemLondon QuestionsforLondon 现实主义诗人杜甫的诗朱门酒肉臭 路有冻死骨 荣枯咫尺异 惆怅难再述 IHeardanAngelSinging IheardanAngelsinging Whenthedaywasspringing Mercy Pity PeaceIstheworld srelease ThushesangalldayOverthenew mownhay Tillthesunwentdown Andhaycockslookedbrown IheardadevilcurseOvertheheathandthefurze MercycouldbenomoreIftherewasnobodypoor AndPitynomorecouldbe Ifallwereashappyaswe Athiscursethesunwentdown Andtheheavensgaveafrown Downpour dtheheavyrainOverthenewreap dgrain AndMisery sincreaseIsMercy Pity Peace CompanyLogo Analysisofthepoem rhymescheme structure CompanyLogo StructureStanzas1 2 Theangel ssinging Stanzas3 5 TheDevil scurses RhymeScheme aabb L 2springing breaking beginning 破晓singing springing alliteration押头韵L 4release consolation solace安慰 Mercy Pity Peace istheconsolationfromGodtothewholeworld PeopleaskconsolationfromGod L4 pity peace alliteration押头韵L 6thenew mownhay thenew cuthay L 8Andhaycockslookedbrown 干草垛在晚霞的余辉中呈棕色 II Paraphrase CompanyLogo haycocks furze heathland L 10theheath theheathland thewastelan