高考专题冠词复习.doc

星火教育顺德分公司大良校区一对一教案学科：英语 任课老师：黄老师 授课时间：2014年7月19日（星期六）8:00-10:00姓名马英杰年级：高二教学课题冠词详解阶段基础（ ） 提高（） 强化（ ）课时计划第（1 ）次课共（1 ）次课教学目标知识与技能：理解与掌握冠词的种类和用法，在此基础上能够灵活运用单词句型和语法点解决实际问题。过程与方法：通过讲解冠词的使用方法，向学生渗透英语国家语言和文化，培养学生逻辑思维，提高学习语言的能力并运用语言解决问题。情感态度与价值观：通过学习英语基础知识，渗透英语语言中辩证思维的观点。重点难点重点：冠词的使用难点：冠词的灵活运用教学方法讲练法、研究教学法教学过程 冠词冠词：定冠词(the) 不定冠词(a, an)一、定冠词的基本用法1. 定冠词的特指用法1)定冠词的特指用法通常都是确定的特指，如：重提上文提到过的人或物时，要用定冠词：I saw a girl and an old man in the house. The old man must be the girls grandfather.He ordered some books last month. The books have now arrived.2)在名词词组中，如果名词之后带有限制性定语或其前带有最高级形容词，要用定冠词：Is this the train for Shanghai?The flowers in her garden smell fragrant.Here is the letter to be posted.This is the most interesting book I have ever read.3)当讲到说话人和听话人都知道的人或物时，要用定冠词：Im just back from the market.Has the postman been here?4)当名词前带有first, next, last, same, only 等表示独特含义的词语时，要用定冠词：When is the next flight to Beijing?He is always the first to come and the last to leave.This is the only copy I have ever collected.2. 定冠词的类指用法1）用“定冠词+单数名词” 可指整个类别, 区别于另一个类别:The tiger and the cat belong to the same family of mammals.The book is used for the teacher, not for the student.2)“用定冠词+表示国籍的形容词”可指整个民族或国人。The English have had long trade relations with the Chinese.3)“用定冠词+普通形容词”可指一类人。the blind; the dying; the learned 4）“定冠词+某些复数名词”可指一定的阶级，阶层或外国人。He says he keeps away from the lawyers and the doctors.3. 定冠词的其他用法1)在表示某些独一无二的事物时，要用定冠词：the sun, the moon, the earth, the northern pole, the equator2)在表示海洋，江河，湖泊，群岛，山脉，沙漠，海峡等的专有名词前，要用定冠词 。the West Lake, the Atlantic, the Changjiang river3)在乐器名称前，要用定冠词Tom played the piano and I played the violin.4)在表示某一家人的专有名词前，要用定冠词。The Browns have arrived.5) 用在表示单位的名词前He gets paid by time .* He gets paid by the day/by the hour.二 不定冠词的基本用法： 泛指一个。如：There is a book on the table. 指人或事物的某一种类。如：His father is a driver. Longjing is a wonderful tea. 指某一个人或事物，但不具体说明。如：My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire. 用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前，表示“每一”。如：We have meals three times a day.（我们一天吃三餐。） 表示同样的。如：They are of an age.（他们是同岁。） 表数量，相当于one,但语意较弱。如：There is a pen and two books on the desk. 使抽象名词具体化。如：The little girl is a help to her mother. （a hand译“帮手”） 固定搭配。如：as a matter of fact , in a hurry, in a word三、零冠词的用法 表示总称的复数名词之前。如：Children love cartoons.（儿童喜欢卡通影片。） 不含普通名词的专有名词前。如：We are studying English. 名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。如：I like this picture; I do not have any money; As time went on, Einsteins theory proved to be correct. 季节、月份、星期等名词前，一般不用冠词。如：She likes spring most. 呼语前不用冠词。如：What shall I do next, Mother? 三餐饭前不用冠词。如：What did you have for lunch? 节假日前不用冠词。如：People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day. 球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。如：She is fond of playing basketball. 在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。如：arm in arm（手挽手）; hand in hand（手牵手）; side by side（肩对肩）; day and day（日日夜夜）; young and old（老老少少）; from door to door（挨门挨户）; from beginning to end（从头到尾）; from morning till night（从早到晚）*表示头衔、职位的名词前。Who is captain of your team?John was elected chairman of the committee.* turn作系动词时，后面的名词前不用冠词。 He was a medical student before he turned writer.1. “Do you know _ English for帅哥?” “Im afraid I dont. Im not interested in _ English language.”A. the, the B. the, 不填 C. 不填，the D. 不填，不填陷阱：容易误选D，因为表示语言的名词前通常不用冠词。分析：最佳答案为A。在英语中，表示语言的名词前通常不用冠词，但在某些特殊情况下可用冠词。如：（1）当语言名词表特指意义，其前可用定冠词。如：The English spoken in America and Canada is a little different from that spoken in England. 美国和加拿大讲的英语与英国讲的英语有点不同。（2）当语言名词表示某一语言中的对应词时，其前要用定冠词。如：Whats the English for this? 这个东西用英语怎么说? （3）当在语言名词后加上 language一词时，也要用冠词。如：There have been many changes in the history of the English language. 2. I couldnt remember the exact date of the storm, but I knew it was _ Sunday because everybody was at _ church. A. a, the B. a, 不填 C. 不填, a D. 不填，不填陷阱：容易误选D，因为星期名词前不加冠词；而 at church 表示在教堂里做礼拜，其中也不用冠词。分析：最佳答案为B。确实，在通常情况下星期名词前不用冠词，但在某些特殊情况下还是可以用冠词的，如表示特指，其前可用定冠词；表示“某一个”或受描绘性定语修饰表示“某种”这样的意义等，其前可用不定冠词。3. Which person do you refer to, the one with _ long hair or the one with _ long beard?A. a, a B. 不填，不填 C. a, 不填D. 不填，a陷阱：误选A或B，认为hair（头发）和beard（胡须）性质和用法应该差不多，要么都可数，要么都不可数，或者说要么都用不定冠词，要么都不用。分析：最佳答案选D。hair 和 beard 在用法上并不完全相同：hair 可用作可数或不可数名词，用作可数名词时，指一根一根的毛发或头发，如说 Theres a hair in my soup （我的汤里有根头发）；用作不可数名词（集合名词）时，则是整体地指一个人的头发。比较：He has gray hairs. 他有几根白发了。 He has gray hair. 他满头白发了。而beard 则通常只用作可数名词，且指的是一个人所有的胡须，而不是指一根胡须，它的复数形式，通常是指多个人的胡须，而不是指多根胡须，如：He no longer wears a beard. 他不再留胡须。Not all men grow beards. 并不是所有的男人都留胡须。4. I once watched _ one-act play, which was played by _ 11-year-old boy.A. a, a B. an, an C. a, an D. an, a 分析：最佳答案填C。第一空填 a，因为 one-act 的读音是wn，它的第一个音是辅音不是元音；第二空填an，是因为 11的英文是 elevenilevn，它的第一个音是元音不是辅音。类似以下各题的答案是 C 不是其他： 5、“Have you seen _ pen? I left it here this morning.” “Is it _ black one? I found it in the corner.” A. a, the B. the, the C. a, a D. the, a此题的最佳答案是 A不是C。请注意其后 I found it in the corner这一信息，它表明说明者是拿着笔在与对方说话。请再看一个类似的例子：“Have you seen _ new bike? I put it here just now.” “Is it _ white one? A boy has ridden it away.” A. a; a B. a; the C. the; the D. the; a此题答案选A，注意其后的 A boy has ridden it away 表明自行车已不在说话者身旁。6. My friend Mary is _ beautiful girl and _ girl everyone likes to work with.A. a, a B. a, the C. the, a D. the, the分析：最佳答案为A。句中第二次提到 girl 时并不是特指的，此句实为一省略句，补充完整为 My friend Mary is a beautiful girl and she is a girl everyone likes to work with. 请再做以下试题（答案选A）：【典型例题】1. Since tasting the excitement of _ big city life, she never wants to live in _ country again. A. the, the B. 不填，不填 C. the, 不填 D. 不填，the2. The operation is _ success and the patient is now out of _ danger. A. a, the B. a, 不填 C. 不填, the D. 不填，不填3. As _ writer, he was _ complete failure. A. a, a B. a, the C. 不填，不填 D. a, 不填4. How strange! These years my birthday always falls _.A. on the Sunday B. on a Sunday C. on Sunday D. at a Sunday5. This is _ best kind of _ pen you can get here. A. the, the B. the, a C. the, 不填D. a, the6. As is known to us all, _ tiger is in _ danger of becoming extinct. A. the, a B. the, 不填 C. a, 不填 D. 不填, the7. He spent too much time talking on _ phone while we were all busy at _ work.A. the, 不填 B. a, 不填 C. 不填, 不填 D. the, the8. As _ unemployment is very high at the moment, its very difficult for people to find _ work.A. the, 不填B.不填，不填 C. the, a D. an, the9. Apartments in cities can be quite high. Renters are paying up to $1,000 per month for _ bedroom apartment.A. one a B. the one C. one D. a one10. The education of _ young is always _ hot and serious topic.A. 不填, 不填 B. the, a C. 不填, the D. the, 不填11. I often have conversations with John over _ telephone, while keep in touch with Tom by _ letter.A. 不填；the B. 不填；a C. the；不填 D. the; a12. John has put forward _ most challenging question for us to answer.Yes, it really is. I have never heard _ harder one.A. the; 不填 B. 不填; the C. the; the D. a; a13. “What about _ school?” “It is as good, as anybody can see, _ school as No 1 Middle School Attached to Hunan Normal University.”A. a; the B. the; a C. a; a D. the; the14. The market for _ used computers is getting larger and larger as_ years go on.A. 不填, 不填B. the, 不填 C. the, the D. 不填, the15. “Charley Oakley, _ NBA All-star, hasnt missed _ game in the past three years.” “I can hardly believe it.”A. an; the B. a; the C. the; a D. an; a16. In the market, vegetables are sold by _ kilogram, I mean, by _ weight. A. the; 不填 B. 不填；不填 C. the; the D. 不填；the17. Many people agree that _knowledge of English is a must in _international trade today.A. the, an B. a, 不填 C. the, the D. 不填，the18. The cakes are delicious. Id like to have _third one as _second one I ate was too small.A. the, the B. a, the C. the, a D. a, a19. _ England of those years was _ England in peace.A. 不填，不填B. The, an C. The, 不填 D. 不填，an20. Did you happen to see _ black and _ white cat? Are they missing? I told you to take care of them.A. a; 不填 B. the; 不填 C. the; the D. a; the1. 选D，big city life 泛指，前不用冠词；country 表示“农村”时，前习惯上要用定冠词。2. 选B，success 在此指“成功的事”，为可数名词；out of danger（脱离危险）为习语，其中不用冠词。3. 选A，其中的 failure 在此指“失败的人”，为可数名词。4. 选B，Sunday 前用不定冠词，表示“某一个”。5. 选C，kind of 后的名词通常不用冠词。6. 选B，当概括事物的种类时，用定冠词，不用不定冠词； 7. 选 A。on the phone 和 at work 均为习语，其中一个带冠词，一个不带冠词。8. 选 B。unemployment 和 work 均为不可数名词，表示一般意义时其前不用冠词。9. 选 D。a one bedroom apartment 意为“一套只带一间卧室的套房”。10. 选B。the young 意为“年轻人”，定冠词用于某些形容词前表示一类人或事物；第二空填不定冠词修饰名词 topic。11. 选 A。over on the telephone 为习语，意为“通过电话”；若用 by telephone 则不用冠词，类似地，by letter（通过信件）也不用冠词。12. 选D。第一空后的most不是构成最高级，而是表示“很”、“十分”，故其前用a；第二空也填a，该句为 I have never heard a harder one than this one 的省略。13. 选B。第一空填the，表特指；第二空填a，表泛指，as good a school as No. Middle School Attached to Hunan Normal University 意为“与湖南师大附中一样好的一所中学”。14. 选A。used computers 与 years 均为复数名词表示泛指意思，其前不用冠词。15. 选D。NBA中的 N 读音为 n，即前面一个音为元音，故填an不填a；第二空填a表泛指，泛指任何一场比赛。16. 选A。介词by表示“以计”时，若后接单数可数名词，其前要用定冠词，如：by the week 按周，按星期 / by the ton 按吨 / by the yard 按码 / by the meter 按米；若后接抽象名词，则通常不用冠词，如：by volume 按体积 / by weight 按重量。17. 选B。knowledge 虽为不可数名词，但其前却可用不定冠词，表示某种程度的知识，有类似some的意思；第二空不填冠词，是因为trade 为不可数名词，表示泛指时不用冠词。18. 选B。序数词前通常用定冠词，表示特指（如第一空）；有时也用不定冠词，表示原有数量上的增加（如第一空）。19. 选B。原则上说，专有名词前不用冠词，但在些特殊情况下也可用冠词。此题第一空填定冠词，表特指，即指“那时的英国”；第二空填不定冠词，表示具有某种特征。20. 选C。Are they missing? 中的代词they 是一个很重要的信息词，它表明上文中的两只猫而不是一只猫，所以C。the black and white cat 可视为 the black cat and the white cat 省略。2. You can have _ second try if you fail _ first time. A. the; / B. /; a C. the; a D. a; the3. I didnt tell him_ news at once because I wanted to give him _ surprise. A. a; a B. the; the C. the; a D. /; the4. Who is your English teacher? Mr. White, _ European working in _ Nanjing University. A. an; the B. a; the C. an; / D. a; / 5. When we study a globe, we can see _ is the largest ocean and _ the largest continent.A. the Pacific; Asia B. Pacific; the Asia C. the Pacific; the Asia D. Pacific; Asia6. The soldier was wounded in _, but he caught the enemy officer by_.A. the knee; the arm B. his knee; his arm C. his knee; the arm D. the knee; his arm7. According to the recent reports, one of the rare animals, _ crocodile, is in _ danger of dying out. A. the; the B. the; / C. /; / D. /; the 8. I dont know who invented _ telescope, but I think it is _ most useful invention. A. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a; a9. Things of _ kind come together; people of a mind fall into _ same group. A. a; a B. a; the C. the; the D. the; a10. We must pay special attention to the idioms of _ English language. A. the B. some C. an D. /11. My brother and I wanted to see the new play, but we werent able to get the tickets for _ two of us. A. / B. the C. among D. between12.Tina looks especially pretty tonight.Yes, she always looks her best in _ of that color. A. dress B. a dress C. that dress D. the dress13. We elected Tom _ monitor of our class for _ second time. A. /; a B. the; a C. the; the D. a; a14. Child, dont worry too much about _ mistakes. Theyre _ natural part of learning something. A. the; the B. /; the C. the; / D. /; a 15.Wheres Kate? I suppose shes still in_bed, but she might just be in_ dining-room. A. /; the B. /; / C. the; / D. the; the 16. Judging from _ number of cars, only _ small number of people have come to the conference. A. a; the B. a; a C. the; the D. the; a 17.What was Mary once?She was_professor of medicine before she turned _writer. A. a; the B. a; / C. the; / D. the; the 18. I hear the workers in his factory are paid by _ week. Correct, and most of them get about 400 yuan _ week. A. the; a B. a; the C. /; a D. the; / 19. Could you do me _ favor to turn on the light? A. a B. the C. / D. some 20. She arrived here by _ way of Hong Kong. In _ way her health is much improved, but she still doesnt feel well. A. /; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the 21. I remember the writer lives in _ west, so we should head _ west. A. the; the B. the; / C. /; the D. /; / 22. You have missed _ “n” in your spelling of _ word “government”. A. an; a B. an; the C. a; the D. the; / 23. Alice is fond of playing _ piano while Herry is interested in listening to _ music.A. /, the B. /, / C. the, / D. the, the24. Beyond _ stars, the astronaut saw nothing but _ space.A. the, / B. /, the C. /, / D. the, the25. Alexander Graham Bell invented _ telephone in 1876.A. / B. a C. the D. one 26 . He saw through the little boys tricks _. A. at glance B. at the glance C. at some glance D. at a glance 27. Many people are still in _ habit of writing silly things in _ public places.A. the, the B. /, / C. the, / D. /, the28. She is _ newcomer to _ chemistry, but she has already made some important discoveries.A. the, the B. the, / C. a, / D. a, the29.Id like _ information about the management of your hotel, please.Well, you could have _ word with the manager. He might be helpful.A. some, a B. an, some C. some, some D. an, a1-10 ADCDA ABBBA 11-20 BBADA DBAAA 21-30 BBCAC DCCAA 课堂总结课后作业.单项填空1.I thought I asked you to fix the radio.Oh,I am sorry.I_ it right away.A.am to doB.will doC.was about to doD.am going to do解析：本句意为“我马上就会做的”，强调个人意愿,所以选will。答案：B2.If I_ten years younger,I _very happy.A.were;would beB.am;shall beC.were;shall beD.am;would be解析：这句话的意思是“如果我轻十岁,我会很开心”，是与现在的事实相反的,故用虚拟语气。答案：A3.I spent some time_TV everyday.A.watchB.watchingC.to watchD.on read解析：固定搭配spend some time doing sth.意思是“花时间做某事”。答案：B4.Do you think_possible for so many people to sit in such a small room?A.thisB.thatC.thereD.it解析：to sit in such a small room是think的宾语,it作形式宾语。答案：D5.The opening province which_thirteen counties and three coastal cities will quicken its paces of economic development.A.consists ofB.makes upC.is includedD.is contained解析：consist of “由组成”,用于主动语态。答案：A6.The sun was shining brightly, _everything there_more beautiful.A.making;lookB.to make;looked C.and made;lookingD.and making;be looked 解析：making.在这个句子中作状语,make.do.,所以look用原形。答案：A7.I come to tell you Jack_for London next month.A.is leavingB.is about to leave C.will leave D.would leave 解析：leave用现在进行时来表示很近的将来发生的事。答案：A8.It is necessary _me _my studies before a new term.A.for；to make a plan forB.of；making a plan for C.for；to make a plan ofD.of；making a plan of 解析：make a plan for.,所以排除B、D两项,it is.for.to do 是固定句子结构。答案：A9.（重庆）Would you like some more soup?_.It is delicious,but Ive had enough.A.Yes,please B.No,thank youC.Nothing more D.Id like some解析：所提供的情景“Its delicious,but Ive had enough.”说明汤很好喝,但已经饱了。“No,thank you.”表示不需要了,并表示感谢。“Yes,please.”和“Id like some.”都表示再喝点,与所提供的情景矛盾。“Nothing more.”表示没有了。答案：B10.She asked_we were getting on well with our work.A.howB.ifC.what D.that 解析：这个句子意思为“她问我们工作进行得是否顺利”。答案：B11.I feel very_about the coming spring outing.A.excitedB.surpriseC.excitingD.excite解析：be excited about 意为“对感到兴奋”。答案：A12.I dont mind picking up your things from the store. _,the walk will do me good.A.Sooner or later B.StillC.In time D.Whats more解析：本句的前后两个句子意思上是递进关系。答案：D13.（全国）Hello,could I speak to Mr.Smith?Sorry,wrong number.There isnt_Mr.Smith here.A./ B.aC.the D.one 解析：这人的姓名前加不定冠词表示“某一个叫的人”。因为叫同一人的名字的现象非常普遍,所以用不定冠词表示某一个叫什么名字的人。答案：B14.John plays football_,if not better than,David.A.as wellB.as well asC.so wellD.so well as解析：as well as