Period 3.ppt

Grammar NounClause名词性从句 1 本讲内容 学习名词性从句 2 学习要求 1 掌握名词性从句的种类 2 掌握引导名词性从句的连接词 3 初步学会运用名词性从句 名词性从句 3 学习指导 1 本讲重点 名词性从句的种类 2 本讲难点 名词性从句的语序 4 典型例题解析 名词性从句包括主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句和同位语从句 它的功能相当于名词 引导名词性从句的引导词归纳起来可分为以下三类 1 主词从句 1 Thathewillcomeiscertain 2 Whethersheiscomingornotdoesn tmattertoomuch 3 Whatsurprisedmemostwastoseesomeofthevillagepeopleseatedonthebenchesattheendoftheroom 主语从句 4 Whichteamwillwinthematchisamatterofpublicconcern 5 Whereshehasgoneisnotknownyet 当主语从句较长时 多放在句子后部 用it作形式主语 主语从句 以it作形式主语 把主语从句后置的常用句型有 1 It be 形容词 that从句 Itis wascertainthat clauseclearimportantnecessaryprobablepossible 主语从句 1 Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam 2 Itisprobablethathetoldmeeverything 主语从句 2 It be 名词词组 that从句 Itis wasapitythat clauseshameduty 1 Itisapitythatwecan tgo 2 Itisnosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame 主语从句 3 It be 过去分词 that从句 Itissaidthat clausereportedthoughthopedbelievedknown 主语从句 1 Itissaidthatheisthebeststudentintheclass 2 ItisthoughtthatJoedrivesbadly 主语从句 4 It seem happen appear等不及物动词 that从句 1 ItseemsthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall 2 IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday 主语从句 1 ThiswaswhatTomwasreading 2 ThetruthisthatIhaveneverbeenthere 3 Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain 2 表语从句 表语从句 4 Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathegotuplate 5 Thisishowweovercamethedifficulties 6 Thatiswhyshewasabsentyesterday 7 ThehouseiswhereLuXunoncelived 表语从句 比较下列两句话 Isitbecauseweareclosertothesuninsummerthanweareinwinter Thereasonwhyhedidn tcomewasthathewasill 表语从句 3 宾语从句 1 用作及物动词的宾语 1 Theypretendedthattheywerereadingintheroom 2 Ididn tknowwhattheyweretalkingabout 宾语从句 3 Doyouknowwhywinteriscolderthansummer 4 Hecouldn ttellwherehishomewas 5 Johnmadetheboysitstill promisingthatnothingwouldhurthim 宾语从句 引导宾语从句的连词that常可省去 特别在口语中是这样 注意 whether和if引导的宾语从句 whether和if引导宾语从句时可以互换使用 但下列情况用whether不用if 宾语从句 1 在whetherornot结构中不可用if代替whetherIdon tknowwhetherornothe llcome Iwonderwhetheritistrueornot 宾语从句 2 介词后面的宾语从句用whether 不用if Everythingdependsonwhetherthesituationwillimprove 后面要讲到介词后面的宾语从句 宾语从句 3 引导主语从句和表语从句用whether不用ifWhetherwe llgodependsontheweather Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing 宾语从句 4 whether可用在不定式前 if则不能 Pleasetellmewhethertogoornot 宾语从句 2 用作介词的宾语从句 Iwaspleasedbywhathetoldme Healwayspaysattentiontowhatevertheteachersays Hetoldofhowhehelpedtheoldwomantofindhermissingson 宾语从句 注意 介词的宾语从句一般不用which和if来引导 而要分别用what和whether来引导 如 Areyousorryforwhatyou vedone Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughexperience 不可用if which不可以 宾语从句 这类形容词常见的有sure certain glad pleased happy afraid surprised satisfied等 1 Iamsureyoulookedbeautifulthatevening 2 Wewerenotsurprisedthathereturnedthreedayslaterthanexpected 3 用作某些形容词的宾语从句 宾语从句 3 Everyonewasafraidthatsomeonemightfindoutthathecouldseenothing 4 Motherwasverypleased that herdaughterhadpassedtheentranceexams 宾语从句 注意 如果宾语从句后边还有宾语补足语 则用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置 如 1 WethoughtitstrangethatXiaoWangdidnotcomeyesterday 2 Hehasmadeitclearthatanyonewhobreaksthelawistobepunished 宾语从句 这种句型的谓语动词有think make feel find consider 宾语从句 4 同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某些名词的同位语 这些名词常见的有 fact news hope truth idea suggestion thought question order problem belief doubt fear等 引导同位语从句的连词通常有that和whether what why how等 同位语从句 1 TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcomeovertovisitChinaagain 2 Weallknowthetruththattheearthgoesroundthesun 同位语从句 3 Thefactthatshehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedallofus 4 Theyaskedmethequestionwhethertheworkwasworthdoing 5 Theyproblemwhetheritisrightorwronghasnotyetbeendecided 同位语从句 注意 同位语从句和定语从句的区别是 前者说明名词的内容 后者说明名词的性质特征 前者所用连词that不是从句的一个成分 后者所用关系代词that是从句中的一个成分 同位语从句 试比较 Heputforwardthesuggestionthatthesecondquestionshouldbediscussedfirst 同位语从句 Thesuggestionthathehadputforwardwasturndown 定语从句 同位语从句 以上是名词性从句例题解析 下面就运用名词性从句时要注意的几个方面作以归纳 1 语序在名词性从句中 从句一律使用陈述语序 特别要注意由连接代词和连接副词引导的从句 what who which when where now why等 不可受特殊疑问句的影响而用了疑问句语序 如 1 Iwonderwhosheis 2 Thequestioniswhenwe llcompletetheworks 3 Whethersheiscomingornotdoesn tmattertoomuch 2 时态 学习名词性从句时 除了要注意从句的引导词 语序等外 还要注意从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词的时态一致关系 1 在宾语从句中 当主句是一般现在时 宾语从句可以根据需要用各种时态 如 Marysaysthat Tomisn tlazy Tomisdoingwellinhislesson ShewillaskTomsomequestions Tommayfallbehindtheothers Shemissedusverymuch Shewaswritingaletter ShewouldvisittheGreatWall Shesaidthat 如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时 则宾语从句须用过去的某种时态 如 如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理 其谓语动词则仍用一般现在时 如 Theteachersaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound 2 Theoldmansaidthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest 2 在主语从句 表语从句和同位语从句中 也要注意从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词的时态一致性 关键要注意动作发生的先后关系 如 1 Whowillbesentabroadhasnotbeendecided 主句是现在完成时 从句是一般将来时 2 Theearthoftodayisnotwhatitwasmillionsofyearsago 主句是一般现在时 从句是一般过去时 在动词think believe expect suppose guess等后带that宾语从句时 若从句是否定句 常将否定词not转移到主句中 如 3 宾语从句的否定转移 Idon tthink that itwillbecoldtoday Wedon tthinkyoucandoit canyou 注意 这类句子后若带有附加疑问句 应采用肯定形式来后问 后问部分应于从句主语一致 Idon tbelievesheknowit doesshe 4 几组易混引导词的区别 1 What与that在句词性从句中 what和that都可作关连词 其区别在于 what在从句中要充当某个成分 主语 宾语或表语等 因此在任何情况下都不能省略 表示 什么 所 的事 物 话 相当于thethingthat which that本身没有词汇意义 在名词从句中不充当任何成分 在口语和非正式文体中 宾语从句中的that经常省略 如 1 Whatyouhavedonemightdoharmtoothers 2 Whatcausedtheaccidentisacompletemystery 3 Ithink that youwilllikethestamps 2 whether与ifwhether与if在前面已经说过 3 because与whybecause与why均可引导表语从句 但含义不同 because引导的表语从句说明理由 而why引导的表语从句是在前面已说明了理由的情况下加以小结 如 1 Ithinkit sbecauseyou redoingtoomuch 2 Hewasill Thatiswhyhewaslateforschool 3 Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathewasill 1 Myhometownisnolonger itusedtobe 练习题 A thatB whatC whenD which 2 Theywonder theirsonwasgettingalongwithhisstudy whetherB thatC whatD how 3 heislivingnowisnotknowntoanybody A WhenB IfC WhetherD Why 4 Wordcame Iwasinvitedtoattendthemeeting A whichB whenC whereD that 5 Thefact wewereinterestedin allofthem A that wassurprisedB which surprisedC what wassurprisedD when surprised 6 thescientistwhogaveusatalkwillgoabroad A ItsaidthatB ItsayswhenC ItissaidthatD Heissaid 7 Hetoldme there A thathasbeenhappenedB thathappenedC whathadhappenedD whathadbeenhappened 8 Ican tunderstandis hechangedhismind A That thatB What whyC Which howD That why 9 hisbrotheris A WhatdoyousupposeB WhatyousupposeC WhatdoyousupposethatD Yousupposethat 10 Thereason hedidn tcometoschoolyesterdayis hehadtolookafterhissickmotherathome A that becauseB why forC for thatD why that 11 Weallknowthetruth theearth roundthesun A if movedB that movesC why moveD whether move 12 hesaidatthemeetingisveryimportanttous A ThatB WhatC WhichD Whether 13 thebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsveryhappy A ThatB WhatC WhyD If 14 Allthebooksarehere Youmayborrow youlike A whichB whatC whicheverD that 15 Eachoftheblindmentrustedthatheknew A howthebeastlookedlikeB howwasthebeastlikeC whatwasthebeastlikeD whatthebeastwaslike 16 Thatis hewasoftenlateforschool A whatB thatC whyD whether 17 WhatdoyouthinkofChina differentitistodayfrom itusedtobe A How whatB What whatC How thatD What that 18 Iwi