b1英语Unit_4_语法讲练课件.ppt

定语从句 TheAttributiveClause Unit4EarthquakeGrammar 带定语从句的谚语 1 Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves 自助者天助之 2 Hewholaughslastlaughsbest 谁笑到最后 谁笑的最好 3 Hewhodoesn treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman 不到长城非好汉 WhichoneisHarryPorter Theboy isHarryPorter whoiswearingglasses TheboyisHarryPorter 在复合句中修饰名词或代词 在句子中作定语 HarryPorterisasmartboy HarryPorterisaboywhohasmagicpower 形容词作定语 句子作定语 修饰boy 叫做定语从句 1 定义 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句 2 先行词 被修饰的名词 代词或整句话 关系代词 关系副词 3 引导定语从句的词 关系代词 关系副词 when where why等 who whom whose which that等 定语从句的相关概念 TherewasanearthquakewhichhappenedinTangshanin1976 HarryPorterisaboywhohasmagicpower 先行词 关系词 定语从句 which who whom whose that where when why ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen 引导定语从句 代替先行词 在从句中担当一个成分 一 关系词的作用 1 2 3 关系词 二 关系词分类 Thesearethetreeswhich thatwereplantedlastyear 先行词是人 关系代词 whowhomwhosethatwhich 先行词是物 Thesearethestudentswho thatwonthefirstplacelastyear 关系代词的用法 关系代词在从句中可以 whom who which that whose 何时可以省略 做宾语时可以省略 关系副词 When on in during which where on in infrontof which Why forwhich 2 引导定语从句的关系副词 三 如何选用定语从句的关系词 1 首先分清主句和定语从句2 确定定语从句的先行词3 把先行词带回到定语从句中去 看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分 主语 宾语 定语或状语 4 若先行词在从句中做主语 宾语或定语则选择关系代词 若在从句中做状语 则选择关系副词 Jointhefollowingsentences Aplaneisamachine Themachinecanfly 关系代词的实质 Jointhefollowingsentences Aplaneisamachine Themachinecanfly Aplaneiscanfly 关系代词的实质 amachine themachine Jointhefollowingsentences Aplaneisamachine Themachinecanfly Aplaneiscanfly 关系代词的实质 amachine that which 关系代词的实质 Jointhefollowingsentences ThegirlisMary Wesawheryesterday 关系代词的实质 Jointhefollowingsentences ThegirlisMary Wesawheryesterday wesawyesterdayisMary her Thegirl 关系代词的实质 Jointhefollowingsentences ThegirlisMary Wesawheryesterday wesawyesterdayisMary her Thegirl 关系代词的实质 Jointhefollowingsentences ThegirlisMary Wesawheryesterday wesawyesterdayisMary her Thegirl 关系代词的实质 Jointhefollowingsentences ThegirlisMary Wesawheryesterday wesawyesterdayisMary that who whom Thegirl 注意避免重复 who whom whose that用法区别 who作定语从句的主语或宾语 Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker Themanisaworker Themanisspeakingatthemeeting 分解 作主语 whom作定语从句的宾语 Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher Thewomanisateacher Theywantedtovisitthewoman 分解 作宾语 that可以作定语从句的主语和宾语 Thewoman whom that theywantedtovisitisateacher Themanwho thatisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker whose作定语从句的定语 Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher 分解 Iknowthegirl Thegirl smotherisateacher 作定语 看图连句 Theman isLiuxiang whoranfastest Liuxiangistheman whoranfastest Changzhouisacity Changzhou acity developfast which thatdevelopsfast Whichhouseismine 房顶是棕色的房子是我的 Thehouse ismine whoseroofisbrown Myhouse Thecity isBeijing which thathostedthe2008OlympicGames Thecityhost 举办 2oo8OlympicGamesBeijing Beckhamisafootballplayer Heishandsome Beckhamisafootballplayer whoishandsome Beckham isafootballplayer whoishandsome that和which用法的区别 1 先行词为all everything nothing something anything little much等不定代词时 Iamsureshehassomething youcanborrow 2 先行词被all every no some any little much等修饰时 I vereadallthebooks youlendme 1 只能用that不用which的情况 that that Doyouhaveanything youdon tunderstand that Pleasesendusanyinformation youhaveaboutthesubject that 3 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时 Thisisthefirstbook hehasread that Itisthemostbeautifulcity I veeverseen that 4 先行词被theonly thevery thesame thelast修饰时 Thisistheverybook belongstohim that Heistheonlyperson waspresentatthetime that 6 先行词是who或which引导的主句 Whoisthegirl drovethecar 7 主句以therebe引导时 Therearemorethan400 000people diedorwereinjuredintheearthquake 5 先行词既有人又有物时 Thefamouswriterandhisworks theradiobroadcastarepopulartothestudents that that that 1 关系代词在限制性定语从句中紧跟介词作宾语 介词提前 Therearemanytrees theycanhavearest Thisisthering shespent1000dollars 2 只用which不用that的情况 2 在非限制性定语从句中 Football isaverypopulargame isplayedallovertheworld underwhich onwhich which 只用who的情况 One hasnothingtofeardarestotellthetruth Theones laughatthedisabledarenotgoodstudents Anyone failstofinishthetaskshouldbepunished Those wanttogotoTheGreatWallsighuphere who who who who 先行词是one ones anyone those时用who Iknowthegirl faceisred whose 定语 I dliketheroom windowsarebig whose 定语 表所属关系时用whose意为 的 注意 whose 名词 the n ofwhich ofwhich the n Helivesintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth Helivesintheroom facessouth Helivesintheroom facessouth thewindowofwhich ofwhichthewindow 1 I mpaintingahouse theroof isround I mpaintingahouse isround 2 Theyliveinahouse windowsfacesouth Theyliveinahouse thewindows facesouth ofwhich whose ofwhich whoseroof 关系代词as引导定语从句 用于固定搭配as asso assuch asthesame as 1 DoyouwanttobuythesameradioaswasshownonTV 主语 2 HehasasgoodapenasIhave 宾语 3 Beijingisnotthesameasitusedtobe 表语 ThisisthesamebookasIlost ThisisthesamebookthatIlost 这本书和我丢的那本一模一样 这本书就是我丢的那本 as与that用法区别 14 Thisisthesamepen Ilostyesterday A asB thatC theoneD A BD 比较 thesamepenasIlost thesamepenthatIlost 表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像 但不一定就是它 表示这支笔就是我不见的那支 Thisissuchaninterestingbook wealllike Thisissointerestingabook wealllike as as 这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书 定语从句 so与such用法区别 1 Itisveryusefultomasteraforeignlanguage hasbeensaidbefore which 2 everyonehoped Maryhaswonthefirstprize As as与which用法区别 which as在引导非限制性定语从句时的区别 1 which可以代指主句的部分内容 也可以代指整个主句的内容 as代指整个主句 2 as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句之前 也可以放在主句之后 which引导的非限制性定于从句只能跟在主句后 不能放在句首 3 as表达 正如 就像 之意 关系副词when where why和介词 which之间的关系when in on at whichwhere in on at whichwhy for which1 Iwon tforgetthedatewhen onwhich Iwasborn 2 Thisistheroomwhere inwhich Ilived ThisistheroomwhichIlivedin 3 Idon tknowthereasonwhy forwhich hehaven tcometoday 4 Tomstillremembersthedayswhen inwhich theylivedinTianjin 注意 介词 which 指物 不可省介词 whom 指人 不可省 Thecitywhichshelivesinisfaraway Themanwhomyouspoketoisourheadmaster Thefarmonwhichweworkedtenyearsagoisbeautiful Thisisthetreeunderwhichweusedtoplaygames Hangzhouistheplacewhere towhichIwentlastsummer Irememberthedaywhen onwhichmyfatherdied Iwasonlytenyearsoldatthattime 1 介词的确定方法 Themoneywithwhichyouweretobuydogfoodisgone Hewillneverforgetthedayonwhichhefailedintheexam 根据先行词来确定 Wethoughtyouwereapersonfromwhomwecouldexpectgooddecisions TheWestLake forwhichHangzhouisfamous isabeautifulplace 根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定 Air withoutwhichmancan tlive isreallyimportant 根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定 Thepenwithwhichheiswritingnowwasboughtyesterday 2 介词的位置 一般情况下 介词放在关系代词which和whom之前 也可放在动词后 固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能提前 常见的这类动词短语有 lookfor after forwardto carefor takecareof hearof about from 等 ThisistherightplaceI mlookingfor Thegirlwhomheislookingafterishissister 1 Doyoulikethebookonwhichshespent 10 2 Doyoulikethebookforwhichshepaid 10 3 Doyoulikethebookformwhichshelearnedalot 4 Doyoulikethebookaboutwhichsheoftentalks 介词 关系代词的使用 5 ThemantowhomIspokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwriting 6 Glasses withoutwhichIcan tseeclearly arereallyimportantforme 7 Chinaisabeautifulcountry ofwhichweareproud 8 Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub Iwillneverforgettheday Ifirstwenttoschool 状语Iwillneverforgettheday wespentinBeijing 宾语Thehouse wevisitedisbeingrepairednow 宾语Thehouse Luxunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow 状语 when which that which that where Thereason hedidn tcometoschoolyesterdayisthathewasill Thereason hegaveisn tbelievable 宾语 why that which x 定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致 1 Iamnotonewhoisafraidofdifficulty 2 Don tchooseme whoamnotfitforthisjob 3 Thisisoneofthebestbooks A thathaveeverbeenwrittenB thathaseverbeenwrittenC thathaswrittenD thathavewritten4 Sheistheonlyoneofthegirls wellinclass A whichsingsB whosingC whosingsD whotosing A C 1 Isthisfactory wevisitedlastweek Isthisthefactory wevisitedlastweek A whereB thatC towhichD theone 解题关键 如果是疑问句式 将其转化为陈述句式 Exercises 2 Letmethinkofapropersituation thissentencecanbeused A whereB thatC ofwhomD which 先行词是situation case scene 时 一般用where 最佳选择则是inwhich D B A 3 HereareplayersfromJapan someof areouroldfriends HerearesomeplayersfromJapanandsomeof areouroldfriends A whichB thatC whomD them 非限制性定语从句 并列句 C D 1 Theman cametoourschoolisMr Wang 2 Thegirl ImetisLucy 3 Achild parentsaredeadiscalledTom 4 Ilikethebook youboughtyesterday 5 Weshallneverforgetthedays wespenttogether 6 Iliketheperson youjusttalked 7 Ihavearoom windowfacessouth who that whom that who whose that which that which towhom whose Practise 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语 如果去掉 主句的意思就不完整或失去意义 它和主句的关系十分密切 写时不用逗号分开 在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略