定语从句专项讲解.doc

定语从句一. 定语从句的功用和结构 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.Do you know everybody who came to the party?I still remember the night when I first came to the village?This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.二. 关系代词和关系副词的功用 关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。1.作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如：I dont like people who talk much but do little.The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.2.作宾语She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.3.作定语关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：Whats the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.4.作状语Ill never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.This is the house where I was born.三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 1. who指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：The person who broke the window must pay for it.The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?Mr. Lee (whom) you want to see has come.3. whose指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。例如：The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.I know the boy whose father is a professor.The house whose window is broken is mine。（考点）4. which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.5. that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：Ive read the newspaper that carries the important news.I dont believe the news (that) Tom gave me.Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?The boy (that) you like is my brother.(注意:that 在从句中作宾语可省略,作主语则不可) 6. when指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm.He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.7. where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：This is the house where we lived last year.The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.8. Why 指原因,在定语从句中作状语。例如：He told me the reason why he was late for school.关系代词和关系副词易混的情况1.I will never forget the days we worked together。2.I will never forget the days we spent together3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago。4.I went to the place I visited ten years ago。5.This was the reason he was late。6. This was the reason he gave 。四.关系代词whom，which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.但一些固定词组不能把介词提前，如：This is the watch which he was looking for。五.具体使用时还要注意下列问题：1.只能使用that,不用which的情况：(1)先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything等不定代词时。例如：All that he said is true.(2)先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如：He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：He was the second (person) that told me the secret.(4)先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。This is the best book (that) I have read this year.(5)先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：He talked about the people and the things he remembered.2.只能用which，不用that的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从中。例如：The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.(2)定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：The thing about which he is talking is of great importance. 注意一、定语从句是复合句的重要组成部分。在定语从句中不管出现什么情况，主句的结构必须完整。试比较：1. Is this farm _ they visited the day before yesterday?2. Is this the farm _ they visited the day before yesterday?A. which B. the one C. where D. what简析：第1题中主句缺少表语，只有B项才能保持主句的完整性。故选B。第2 题的主句本身已完整，应填关系代词作定语从句中及物动词visit 的宾语。所以，正确答案是A。二、在定语从句中，关系代词或关系副词已经代替先行词在定语从句中充当了某一成分，因此，定语从句中不能再出现与关系代词或关系副词相重叠的成分。例如：改错： Do you remember the book that I lent it to you last week?简析：该题中的that 指代先行词book，在定语从句中充当了动词 lend 的逻辑宾语，故 it 应该删除。三、解题时，首先要结合选项对题干进行整体感知，确定定语从句的位置;根据定语从句中所缺少的句子成分，分析先行词逻辑上在定语从句中的成分，继而选出正确的选项。例如：Can you tell me the name of the factory _ you visited last week?A. what B. where C. / D. when简析：本题定语从句的主语、谓语、时间状语已具备，而visit 是个及物动词，从语义上分析，factory 作visit 的宾语。故只能选C (引导词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略)。四、解答介词+关系代词 类型的定语从句题时，关键在于分析定语从句中的谓语动词(该动词是不及物动词)习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用。这就需要同学们在平时学习时要注重某些不及物动词和介词惯用的情形，并要灵活运用。例如：In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom简析:本题定语从句中的turn 与介词 to 构成固定短语turn to sb. for help (向某人求助)。所以，D是正确选项。定语从句专项练习1. Watch the girl and her dog _ are crossing the bridge.A. which B. who C. they D. that2. Who_know him would believe him?A. whom B .that C. which D. who3. Which of the two cows_ you keep produces more milk?A. that B. which C. whom D. what4. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone_ family was poor.A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose5. A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan.A. which B. his C. whose D. of whose6. The building _ windows are bright at night is our school library.A. that B. which C. whose D. of whose7. I have heard from my father, _ is in America.A. which B. that C. whom D. who8. There is a mountain _ the top is always covered with snow.A. of that B. of which C. its D. that9. I will hire the man _ they say is a good English speaker.A. who B. that C which D. whom10. On the way I saw a student _ I thought was your brother.A. whom B. who C. that D. he11. I can still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.A. what B. which C. that D. where12. I know the place _ we can have a quiet talk.A. which B. where C. wherever D. it13. Nature, _ gives supplies of food to every creature, is great.A. who B. that C. whose D.it14. Would you please put the box _ it belongs?A. to whom B. to which C into which D. where15. You may take _ book you like.A. which B. only C. whichever D.what16. China is the birth place of kites,-_ kite flying spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.A. from that Biform here C. from there D.from which17. He has to work on Sundays, _ he does not like.A. and which B.which C. and when D.when18. Is this museum _ some German friends visited the day before yesterday?A. Which B.that C.where D.the one19. John was the only one _ I had visited.A. which B. that C.whom D.who20The doctor will speak to _ comes in firstA. whoever B.whomever C.whichever D.whatever21. Choose _ you think is good.A. Which B.that C.whom D.what22. I gave him a warning, _ he turned a deaf ear.A. of which B. for which C.to that D. to which23. This dictionary, the few pages_ are missing, is of no use.A. among which B.of which C.in which D.to which24. Give this prize to _ composition is thought excellent.A. whoever B. whosever C. whomever D.whatever25. This is a boy_ parents were killed in the war.A. who B. that C. whose D whom26. She is one of the few girls who_ passed the examination.A. was B. were C. has D. have27. The teacher _ is at that desk over there.A. you should talk to B. you are talked toC. whom you are talking D. whom you are talked to28. In the dark street, there was not a single person_she could turn for help.A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom29. Who_ has common sense can believe such a superstitionA. who B. which C. but D. that30. That is the town _ he was born.A. which B. where C. when D. why.二. 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago. 2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college. 3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there. 4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her. 5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in