2013年全国职称英语考试综合B完形填空阅读理解字典版.doc

电话：400-618-2500 一、A Life with Birds For nearly 17 years David Cope has worked as one of the Tower of Londons YeomanWarders，better known to tourists as BeefeatersDavid，64，lives in a three-bedroomedflat right at the top of the Byward Tower，one of the gatehousesFrom our bedroom wehave a marvelous view of Tower Bridge and the Thames.says David The Tower of London is famous for its ravens，the large black birds which have lived there for over three centuriesDavid was immediately fascinated by the birds and when he was offered the post of Raven Master eight years ago he had no hesitation in accepting itThe birds have now become my life and Im always aware of the fact that I am maintaining a traditionThe legend says that if the ravens leave the Tower，England will fall to enemies，and its my job to make sure this doesnt happen! David devotes about four hours a day to the care of the ravensHe has grown to love them and the fact that he lives right next to them is idealI can keep a close eye on them allthe time，and not just when Im working.”At first ，Davids wife Mo was not keen on the idea of life in the Tower，but she too will be sad to leave when he retires next year.“When we look out of our windows we see history all around us，and we are taking it in and storing it up for our future memories.”二、A Lucky Break Actor Antonio Banderas is used to breaking bones，and it always seems to happen when hes doing sport。In the film Play it to the Bone he plays the part of a middleweight boxer alongside Woody Harrelson。During the making of the film Harrelson kept complaining that the fight scene werent very convincing，so one day he suggested that he and Banderas should have a fight for real。The Spanish actor wasnt keen on the idea at first，but he was eventually persuaded by his co-star to put on his glove and climb into the boxing ring。However，when he realiaed how seriously his opponent was taking it all，he began to regret his decision to fight。And then in the third round，Harrelson hit Banderas so hard in the face that he actually broke his nose。His wife，actress Melanie Griffith，was furious that he had been playing“silly macho games”。“She was right”，confesses Banderas，“and I was a fool to take a risk like that in the middle of a movie。 He was reminded of the time he broke his leg during a football match in his native Malaga。He had always dreamed of becoming a soccer star，of performing in front of a big crowd，but doctors told him his playing days were probably over。“Thats when I decided to take up acting；I saw it as another way of performing，and achieving recognition。What happened to me on that football pitch was，you might say，my first lucky break。”三、Clobal Warming Few people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the worlds climate。Many scientists put the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase in the worlds temperatures and are convinced that，more than ever before，the Earth is at risk from the forces of the wind，rain and sun。According to them，global warming is making extreme weather events，such as hurricanes and droughts，even more severe and causing sea levels all around the world to rise。 Environmental groups are putting pressure on governments to take action to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide which is given off by factories and power plants，thus attacking the problem at its source。They are in favour of more money being spent on research into solar，wind and wave energy devices，which could then replace existing power stations。 Some scientists，however，believe that even if we stopped releasing carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow，we would have to wait several hundred years to notice the results。Global warming，it seems，is here to stay。 四、A Success StoryAt 19，Ben Way is already a millionaire，and one of a growing number of teenagers who have made their fortune through the Internet。What makes Bens story all the more remarkable is that he is dyslexic，and was told by teachers at his junior school that he would never be able to read or write properly.“I wanted to prove them wrong”，says Ben，creator and director of Waysearch，a net search engine which can be used to find goods in online shopping malls。When he was eight，his local authorities provided him with a PC to help with school work。Although he was unable to read the manuals，he had a natural ability with the computer，and encouraged by his father，he soon began charging people 10 an hour for his knowledge and skills。At the age of 15 he set up his own computer consultancy，Quad Computer，which he ran from his bedroom，and tow years later he left school to devote all his time to business。“By this time the company had grown and I needed to take on a couple of employees to help me”，says Ben。“That enabled me to start doing business with bigger companies.”It was his ability to consistently overcome difficult challenges that led him to win the Young Entrepreneur of the Year award in the same year that he formed Waysearch，and he has recently signed a deal worth 25 million with a private investement company，which will finance his search engine。五、Teaching and LearningMany teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the student。If a long reading assignment is given，instructors expect student to be familiar with the information in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination。The ideal student is considered to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning，not the one interested only in getting high grades。Sometimes homework is returned with brief written comments but without a grade。Even if a grade is not given，the student is responsible for learning the material assigned。When research is assigned the professor expects the student to take it actively and to complete it with minimun guidance。It is the students responsibility to find books，magazines，and articles in the library。Professors do not have the time to explain how a university library works；they expect students particularly graduate students to exhaust the reference sources in the library。 Professors will help students who need it，but prefer that their students should not be too dependent on them。In the United States professors have many other duties besides teaching，such as administrative or research work。Therefore，the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is limited。If a student has problems with classroom work，the student should either approach a professor during office hours or make an appointment。六、The Difference between Man and Computer What makes people different from computer programs？What is the missing element that our theories dont yet account for？The answer is simple：People read newspaper stories for a reason：to learn more about what they are interested in。Computers，on the other hand，dont。In fact,computers dont even have interests；there is nothing in particular that they are trying to find out when they read。If a computer program is to be a model of story understanding，it should also read for a “purpose”。Of couse，people have several goals that do not make sense to attribute to computers。One might read a restaurant guide in order to satisfy hunger or entertainment goals，or to find a good place to go for a business lunch。Computers do not get hungry，and computers do not have business lunch。However，these physiological and social goals rise to several intellectual or cognitive goals。A goal to satisfy hunger gives rise to goals to find information about the name of a restaurant which serves the desired type of food，how expensive the restaurant is，the location of the restaurant，etc。These are goals to acquire information or knowledge，what we are calling learning goals。These goals can be held by computers too；a computer might “want”to find out the location of a restaurant，and read a guide in order to do so in the same way as a person might。While such a goal would not arise out of hunger in the case of the computer，it might well arise out of the “goal”to learn more about restaurants。七、The First Bicycle The history of the bicycle goes back more than 200 years。In 1791，Count de Sivrac delighted onlookers in a park in Paris as he showed off his two-wheeled invention，a machine called the celerifere。It was basically an enlarged version of a childrens toy which had been in use for many years。Sivracs “celerifere”had a wooden frame，made in the shape of a horse，which was mounted on a wheel at either end。To ride it，you sat on a small seat，just like a modern bicycle，and pushed hard against the ground with your legsthere were no pedals。It was impossible to steer a celerifere and it had no brakes，but despite these problems the invention very much appealed to the fashionable young men of Paris。Soon they were holding races up and down the streets。Minor injuries were common as riders attempted a final burst of speed。Controlling the machine was difficult，as the only way to change direction was to pull up the front of the “celeriferes”and turn it round while the front wheel was spinning in the air。“Celeriferes” were not popular for long，however，as the combination of no springs，no steering and rough roads made riding them very uncomfortable Even so，the wooden celerifere was the origin of the modern bicycle。八、Working MothersCarefully conducted researches that have followed the children of working mothers have not been able to show any long-term problems，compared with children whose mothers stayed at home。My personal view is that mothers should be allowed to work if they wish。Whether we like it or not，there are a number of mothers who just have to work。There are those who have invested such a big part of their lives in establishing a career that they cannot afford to see it lost。Then there are many who must work out of pure economic necessity Many mothers are not cut out to be full-time parents。After a few months at home with a much loved infant，they feel trapped and isolated。There are a number of options when it comes to choosing childcare。These rangs from child minders and nannies through to Granny or the kind lady across the street。In reality however，many parents dont have any choice；they have to accept anything they can get。Be prepared！No matter how good the childcare may be，some children are going to protest wildly if they are lift。This is a perfectly normal stage of child development。Babies separate well in the first six months，but soon after that they start to get a crush on Mum and close family members。Make sure that in the first week you allow plenty of time to help your child settle in。All children are different。Some are independent，while others are more attached to their mothers。Remember that if you want to do the best for your children，its not the quantity of time you spend with them，its the quality that matters。九、Traffic in Our CitiesThe volume of traffic in the world today continues to expand。This causes many problems，including serious air pollution，lengthy delays，and the greater risk of accidents。Clearly，something must be done，but it is often difficult to persuade people to change their habits and leave their cars at home。One possible approach is to make it more expensive for people to use their cars by increasing charges for parking and bring in tougher fines for anyone who breaks the law。In addition，drivers could be required to pay for using particular routes at different times of the day。This system，known as “road pricing”,is already being introduced in a number of cities，using a special electronic card fixed to the windscreen of the car。Another way of dealing with the problem is to provide cheap parking on the outskirts of the city，and strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the centre。Drivers and their passengers then use a special bus service for the find stage of their journey。Of course，the most important thing is to provide good public transport。However，to get people to give up the comfort of their cars，public transport must be felt to be reliable，convenient and comfortable，with fares kept at an acceptable level。(一) Telling Tales about People A、B、C、A、C 1. A the characteristics of autobiographies，memoirs，and biographies2. B an autobiography 3. C want to present in a good times4. A defining if5. C varied or different(二) Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference D、C、B、A、C 1. D will not take an interest in it2. C building friendship3. B Shes a senior student4. A Passion5. C polish(三) Shark Attack! C、A、B、B、C 1. C swam away2. A often let humans escape3. B are4. B great whites5. C We now know great whitesfor other animals.（四）Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thankgiving A、C、B、A、B1. A ghosts2. C On Thanksgiving3. B providing them with comfortable and happy lives4. A they can stay with their parents at home and eat a lot of nice food.5. B 1620（五）The Travaels of Ibn Battuta B、A、C、D、D1. B The adventures of Ibn Battuta2. A left to go to 3. C Ibn Battuta had studied in Mecca4. D Ibn Battuta should be better known in the Wesr today5. D The Sultan of Morocco asked him to return（六）TV Shows and Long Bus Trips C、A、D、B、A1. C Advertisements on billboards2. A To talk about the similarities between long bus trips and TV shows3. D no billboards along the road4. B they both have a beginning，a middle，and an end，with commercials in between5. A exciting（七）Modern Sun Worshippers D、A、B、B、D1. D they wish to escape from the cold，dark and rainy days back at home2. A to show that they are not good cities in terms of geography and climate3. B Spain4. B every year almost as many tourists visit Spain as there are people living in that country5. D Rainy weather（八）The Changing Middle Class B、D、C、C、A1. B a social and economic group2. D the family is very important3. C prosperous and optimistic4. C a restatement of the previous idea5. A as a group（九）Single-parent Kids Do Best C、A、B、D、C1. C Tow-parent familes produce less attractive children2. A The young males get less care3. B Experiment and result4. D The offsprings body size5. C ecological factors（十）A Letter from Alan D、C、A、D、B1. D To inform other people about the builders plans2. C Because it is a place near enjoy nature.3. A A building on Parsons Place4. D have less money5. B SAY NO TO HOUSES ON PARSONS PLACE（十一）The Development of Ballet C、D、B、D、D1. C the way ballet developed2. D Louis XIC3. B will continue to change as new people and ideas influence it4. D in chronological order5. D elaborate shows（十二） Smuggling D、A、C、C、C1. D it had a very big abdomen2. A As many as a smuggler can think of.3. C 25,7704. C Small smugglers5. C Varied drug transportation methods（十三） The Barbie Dolls D、D、A、B、A1. D to be highly successful2. D Harold Mattson，Ruth and Elliot Handler3. A Build4. B Lilli5. A She does not attract young men.（十四） Sleep D、B、C、A、A1. D because shift work in industry requires people to change their sleeping habits2. B your life is disturbed by changing from day to night routines and back3. C to employ people who will always work at night4. A the third week5. A another routine（十五） Orbital Space Plane B、A、C、D、B1. B carrying astronauts to the International Space Station2. A NASAs determination toprojects3. C Years before the explosion of Columbia4. D a space ambulance5. B be equally shared by the two projects under Space Launch Initiative（十六） The Sahara A、A、A、C、B1. A life in the Sahara2. A less than five inches per year3. A a place of contrasts4. C the Sahara5. B group traveling together through difficult country（十七） Eiffel Is an Eyeful B、A、C、B、C1. B Tourists of allof the tower2. A Visitors prefer wastingenjoying the view3. C He climbed 747and 4 seconds.4. B Conducting research in various fields.5. C Visitors can imagine freelyrepresents.（十八） Goal of American Education C、D、C、C、D1. C To give everyhis / her ability.2. D the subjects every student takes may vary3. C acquisition of the ability to be creative4. C the students from foreign countries5. D Its underlying goalfullest extent（十九） The Family A、A、A、C、B1. A What Makes a Family2. A a married couple with their minor children3. A an anthropology textbook4. C pointing out similarities5. B readiness to move（二十）Tales of the Terrible Past D、C、B、D、A 1. D two novels that deal with slavery 2. C in Ohio after the Civil War3. B the books are worthwhile but challenging4. D portrayal of violence5. A terrible（二十一） Spacing in Animals C、A、B、A、D1. C Distance between an animal and its enemy before fleeing.2. A begin to attack.3. B psychological distance4. A Strip of land5. D social distance is sometimes determined by outside factors. （二十二） Some Things We Know about Language C、A、B、D、C1. C any human race, whether backward or not, has a language.2. A complicated3. B just as advanced as some well-known languages4. D Some primitive languages are better than other languages5. C vocabulary（二十三） The Only Way Is Up C、B、D、B、D1. C want to maintain their traditional image2. B the lack of a device to carry people upward3. D most people had doubt about its safety4. B Uninteresting5. D in a lift the bubble of personal space breaks.（二十四） Clone Farm C、A、D、C、A1. C Cloned chickens are bulk-produced with the