托福综合写作资料(必备!!超实用!!).doc

综合写作主要考察三个能力： take note, summarize, parahraseIntegrared writing的基本类型转折关系Lecture 驳斥 Reading或者Lecture 提出Reading 未提及的不良方面或问题延续关系Lecture支持 Reading或者Lecture解释Reading的原因和结果延续 + 转折目前看出了考到一次延续关系，其余全部都是Lecture驳斥Reading所以，我们现在还是可以大胆的只准备驳斥Grammar and vocabulary我们在读和听的时候要记什么?In reading 1. Mean idea2. Explanation imformation 主要理由In listening1. Mean idea2. Explanation information3. supporting examples听力材料听得越多越好最常用词汇听力材料：lecture, listenling material, listenling, listenling passage阅读材料：reading, passage, reading passage, article讲话人：lecturer, professor, speaker文章作者：author, writer陈述：state, indicate, believe, suggest, discuss, talk about, make the point that, say, demonstrate, illustrate驳斥：rufute, disagree with, cast doubt on, challenge, oppose, conflict with, deny the statement of, contradict, differ from, in contrast支持：support, enhance, uphold, justfiy, strengthen转折：support, enhance uphold justify列举：first, second, third, first of all, secondly, also, finally学术词汇：reason, cause, basis, ground, motive, motivationexample, instanceevidence, data, fact, proofexplanation, accountdefinition, description, clarficationassumption, premiseconclusion, belief, idea, opinion, judgment, view, argument, theotyissue, matter, topic, problem, subjestacknowledgement, observation, predictionstatement, pointadvice, proposal, plan, recommendation开头1. In the lecture, the speaker makes several points about/focuses on _ Contradicting/enhancing what are stated in the reading passage that _.2. In the lecture, the proffessor made several points about _. The lecturer argues that _. The points made by the profferssor agree/disagree with the reading passage.3. In the reading passage, the author claims that _. However, the following listening material entirely challenged the statement made by the write. The speaker contends that _.4. In the lecture, the professor argues that _. However, the reading passage contends that _. The professors lecture casts dount on/advocates the reading passage by using number of points and example.分段1The reading pasaage contends that , but the lecture argues thatThe author states that; howeverthe speaker says thatAccording to the reading passage; on the other hand the professor in the listening argues thatIn the reading passage, the authorbelieves that; in contrast the lecture holds the opposite opinion andbelieves that2According to the professor in the lectureThis directly contradicts what the reading passage indicates, becaouseThe speaker in the listening argues thatThis point disagrees with statement demonstrated in the reading thatAccording to the lectureWhich refutes the point that in the readingThe lecture believes that Which casts doubt on the suthors point thatIn the listening, the professor says thatWhich differs from the reading in that the reading states3Contrary to The point in the reading that The seaker States thatDrfferent fromThe opinion in the reading thatProfessor in the lectureArgues thatDisagreeing with The statement in the reading that The lecture in the listeningSays that 结尾In retrospect, all the three evidence of the lecture illustrate that the speaker agrees/disagrees with the points mentioned in the reading materials.In conclusion, based on the discussions demonstrated above, we can clearly see that the ponit made in the lecture differ from those made in the reading.So, the contents in the reading passage are totally jeopardized by the speaker and the speaker has