江苏省扬州市梅岭中学中考英语《第20课时 八下 Unit 4 A good read》复习教案 牛津版.doc

第20课时 8b unit4【考点精讲】一、核心词汇1germany n考点点拨 germany名词，意为“德国”。german作形容词，意为“德国（人）的”，作名词，意为“德国人”。常见的国家名称和某国人的单复数形式：国家名称 某国人单数 某国人复数germanygerman germansamerica american americansaustralia australian australianscanada canadian canadiansfrance frenchman frenchmenfrenchwoman frenchwomenengland englishman englishmenenglishwoman englishwomenchina chinese chinesejapan japanese japanese法国人、英国人复数形式是将a改为e，而德国人复数形式并不是将a改为e，中国人、日本人单复数形式相同。2stomach n考点点拨stomach意为“腹部，胃”，虽然是以ch结尾，但是由于“ch”是发/k/音，所以其复数形式是在词尾直接加“-s”。如：the stomachs of starving people often distend.饥民的腹部常鼓得大大的。3either adv.考点点拨 either意为“也”，用于否定句，且要放在句末。如：millie cant skate. i can, t either.米莉不会滑冰，我也不会。too作“也”讲时，用于肯定句末尾，或作为插入语放在句中，前后用逗号隔开。如：tom can swim. i can swim too.汤姆会游泳，我也会。you，too，may have a try. you may have a try too.你也可以试一试。also在书面语中比too更为正式，用于肯定句中。紧靠谓语动词，位于be动词、助动词、情态动词后，行为动词前。如：his uncle is also a policeman他叔叔也是一名警察。she is also reading a novel.她也在看小说。sandy can also swim桑迪也会游泳。二、核心句型1. have you decided what to do with these books, hobo?霍波，你已经决定要怎样处理这些书了吗？考点点拨 what to do withhow to deal with怎样处理。注意疑问词what和动词do搭配，疑问词how和动词deal搭配。如：what are we going to do with the problem?我们将怎样处理这个问题呢？i have a huge pile of letters to deal with我有一大堆信件要处理。2. however, they soon got up again and continued moving across my body可是，他们不久后又爬起来，继续在我身上爬。考点点拨 continue doing sth继续做某事，也可以说continue to do sth，两者意思相同：如：they continued meeting every day. they continued to meet every day.他们继续每天见面。表示继续维持某一情况时，其后可直接跟名词作宾语，也可先接介词with再接宾语。如：we will continue (with) the payments for another year.我们这样的报酬还要维持一年。continue doing sth.意为“继续做某事”，continue by doing sth.意为“接着做某事（其他事）”。如：he continued reading/to read all night.他通宵在看书。he talked about keats, and continued by reading us a poem他谈了济慈，接着给我们朗诵了一首诗。三、重点语法1特殊疑问词+动词不定式(1)“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构相当于一个名词，在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、状语、同位语等句子成分。大部分特殊疑问词可用于该结构，如when，how，which，where，who等等。注意：疑问词why不能用于该结构。如：where to go is still a question去哪里还是个问题。（作主语；作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式）i know where to find the boy.我知道哪里能找到这个男孩。（作动词know的宾语）the question is how to learn english well.问题是怎样学好英语。（作表语）the question where to spend this weekend troubles millie到哪儿去过周末这个问题困扰着米莉。（作同位语）连词whether也可以用于该结构。如：they are talking about whether to have a party.他们正讨论是否要举办一场聚会。（作宾语）(2)“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构经常用在某些动词（短语）后面作宾语，常见的有tell，show，know，learn，teach, find out, forget, wonder, remember等。如：ill show you how to do it.我会让你看看如何做这件事。“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构还可以用在be sure，be clear等后面作宾语。im not sure when to leave.我不确定何时出发。(3)“特殊疑问词十动词不定式”结构可以把复合句转换为简单句。如：i dont know what ill do next.i dont know what to do next.我不知道下一步该做什么。反之可以将含有“特殊疑问词十动词不定式”结构的简单句转换为复合句。改写时只需在疑问词后加上适当的主语，并把不定式改为适当形式的谓语即可。如：li ping doesnt know how to learn englishli ping doesnt know how he should learn english李平不知道该怎样学英语。(4)“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构可以独立成句。如：what to do?怎么办？how to get rid of the trouble?如何摆脱困境？(5)常见的两类错例动词后面要不要加介词？如：我还没决定住哪儿。误：i havent decide where to live in.正：i havent decide where to live.注：where是疑问副词，副词前不需要加介词。可以说live there，live in the flat，不可以说live in there，live the flat。动词后面要不要宾语？如：我不知道该做什么。误：i dont know what to do it.正：i dont know what to do.注：这里不要it，因为前面的what就是do的逻辑宾语，it在这里多余。我不知道怎样去做。误：i dont know how to do正：i dont know how to do it.注：这里要it，因为do是及物动词，后面需要宾语，而how是疑问副词，不能作动词do的宾语，它在这里作状语，所以这里需要it。2must和have tomust表示主观的意愿或命令，语气强烈。其否定形式为mustnt，意为“禁止，不可以”；have to表示客观的义务或需要，意为“必须，不得不”，其否定形式为dont have to，表示“不必，不需要”，一般现在时中主语为第三人称单数时则要用has to，doesnt have to。如：we students must work hard.我们学生必须努力学习。my bike is broken today. i have to walk to school.今天我的自行车坏了，我不得不步行上学。- must i stay here?我必须留在这儿吗？- no, you neednt.no, you dont have to.不，不必。【考点精练】( )1. (2014 .乌鲁木齐)- have you decided _ to the beach? - not yet. it depends on the weather. a whom to go b. where to go c. when to go d. why to go( )2. (2014 .龙东)- excuse me. could you please tell me _ my car? - sure. park it right here. ill help you, a how to stop b. where to park c. when to park( )3. (2014 .扬州)- excuse me, may i keep the book a little longer? - sorry. you _ return it today. a must b. mustnt c. can d. cant( )4. they really dont know _ the rubbish here. a what to do b. how to do c. what to do with d. how to do with( )5. the five girls all come from _, and they are all _. a german; german b. germany; germany c. german; germany d. ger