七年级可数不可数名词.doc

可数名词VS 不可数名词一、 可数名词单数变复数1. 规则变化词形特点构成方法读音例词大多数名词词尾加-s清辅音后读/s/，浊辅音和元音后读/z/cat-catsbag-bagsbee-bees以s/x/ch/sh等结尾词尾加-es读/iz/class-classeswatch-watches以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i再加-es读/iz/family-familiesbaby-babies以f/fe结尾变f/fe为v再加-es读/vz/leaf-leaveswife-wiveslife-livesknife-knives注(1)：以元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数直接加-s，例：toy toys； day days； boy boys； key keys注(2)：以字母o结尾的单词,一般名词直接加-s,例： photo photos； piano pianos； zoo zoos；kilo kilos； radio radios*但在中学阶段,有三个以o结尾的单词, 其后要加-es, 例： hero heroes； potato potatoes； tomato tomatoes2. 初中阶段不规则变化单词： tooth-teeth；foot- feet；goose-geese; man- men ; woman-women; child children; sheep - sheep ; deer- deer；Chinese Chinese3. 复合名词变复数 (1)一般的复合名词，只把中心词（一般是第二个名词）变复数： apple tree apple trees; pencil box pencil boxes(2)由man和woman构成的复合名词，二者均变复数： man doctor men doctors; woman teacher women teachers二、不可数名词指不可以用数目来计算也不可以分成独立个体的名词。 1. 不可数名词通常包括:物质名词 如milk、water、ink抽象名词 如love、peace 2. 不可数名词通常只有一种形式，没有单复数之分。三、 可数名词与不可数名词的区别 1. 可数名词前可加不定冠词a/an，不可数名词不能。以辅音音标开头的单数可数名词前加a，如：a book, a pen, 以元音音标开头的单数可数名词前加an， 如：an egg, an hour注：有时a/an后面紧接的不是单数名词，而是a /an +形容词+单数名词的形式。这时判断用a还是an，要看形容词开头字母的发音，而不是看名词。如：a man - an English man, an elephant - a young elephant 2. 可数名词前可直接加数词， 不可数名词前需加名词短语修饰。 one book, two books, three factories, a hundred students；a cup of tea, two cups of tea, a glass of milk, two glasses of milk3. 可数名词表示“一点儿”用a few, “大量”用many: a few apples, many students, a few pens, many pencils 不可数名词表示“一点儿”用a little, “大量”用much: a little water, much milk, a little money, much meat但可数名词与不可数名词都可用a lot of/ lots of表示很多， 都可用some表示一些， 如：some apples, some milk, a lot of students, lots of pencils, a lot of milk, lots of meat4. 提问“有多少”：可数名词用How many + 可数名词复数 + 一般疑问句：How many books do you have?How many pencils are there? 不可数名词用How much + 不可数名词 + 一般疑问句：How much milk do you have?How much meat is there?注：询问价钱，可数名词与不可数名词都用How muchHow much is + 不可数名词/可数名词单数How much are + 可数名词复数/两种东西以上How much is your coat?How much is the meat?How much are