必修五第一单元教案.doc

必修5 Unit 1Great scientists 要 点 梳 理 重点单词1_ n特征；特性 2_ vt.打败；战胜；使受挫 n失败3_ vt.吸收；吸引；使专心 4_ n柄；把手 vt.处理；操纵5_ vt.照顾；护理；出席；参加 6_ n治愈；痊愈 vt.治愈；治疗7_ vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光 8_ vt. & n连接；联系9_ vt.责备；谴责 n过失；责备 10_ vi. & vt.(使)旋转；纺(线或纱)11_ vt.污染；弄脏pollution n污染12_ n挑战 vt.向挑战challenger n挑战者13_ vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃rejection n拒绝；抛弃14_ vt.宣布；通告announcement n通知；宣告15_ vt.建设；修建construction n建设；建筑物16_ vt. & vi.捐献；贡献；捐助contribution n贡献17_ vt. & vi.结束；推断出conclusion n结论；结束18_ vt.预见；预告foretell v预言forecast v预报19_ vt.怀疑n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯suspicion n怀疑suspicious adj.有疑心的20_ vt.命令；指示；教导instruction n教授；传授instructions n指示，说明重点短语 1put forward _ 2draw a conclusion _3at times _ 4(be) strict with _ 5with certainty _ 6make sense _ 7look into _ 8expose.to _ 9be to blame _ 10apart from _ 11be against _ 12link.to. _ 考 点 探 究 .词汇短语过关 1conclude vt.断定，推断出；作出结论(不用于进行时) conclusive adj.结论conclude.from.从中推断 to conclude (做插入语)最后(一句话)conclude.by/with.以结束 conclude to do sth. 决定做某事conclusion n. 结论，推论 make a conclusion 下结论in conclusion 最后，总之 bring.to a conclusion 使结束 arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion得出结论，告一段落(1)He _ his speech with a joke.他以一个笑话结束了他的演讲。(2)The meeting _ at nine oclock.会议9点钟结束了。(3)The police _ that he must be the murderer.警察断定他一定是杀人凶手。(4)_，wish all of you good health and a long life.最后祝大家健康长寿。(5)_， I would like to thank all the people present at the meeting today.最后我想感谢今天参加会议的所有人。 2attend vt.&vi. 出席；参加；照料，护理 attendance n. 出席，到场，参加attend on/upon sb. 伺候某人；照顾某人 attend to 处理，注意，专心于，照料attend a meeting/a lecture/school 参加会议/听报告/上学(1)He didnt _ yesterday.他昨天没有参加会议。(2)He was very tired after the long run, and expected somebody _ him. 长跑之后他感到非常疲劳，很想有个人来照顾自己一下。(3)Business has to _. 生意是必须要料理的。(4)_ your studies. 专心你的学习。 3expose vt. 暴露，揭露，使曝光，使面临 be exposed to 暴露于 exposure n. 暴露，显露；揭露，揭发expose sth./sb./oneself (to.)显露或暴露某事物/某人/自己(给)(1)My job as a journalist is to _.我作为记者的职责就是揭露事实。(2)Dont _ babies _ strong sunlight.不要让婴儿受到强烈阳光的照射。(3)Its very dangerous to _ these viruses without any protection. 不加任何保护，直接暴露在这些病毒下是非常危险的。 4cure n. 治愈；痊愈vt. 治愈；治疗 curable adj. 可治愈的a cure for. 针对的治疗 cure sb. of sth. 消除某人；治愈某人(1)The doctor cant _ her _ the cancer.医生治不好她的癌症。(2)Nothing can _ you _ your bad habits.没有什么能去掉你的坏习惯。(3)This is _ SARS.这是一种新的SARS治疗方法。拓展：vt.sb. of sth.结构的短语还有：remind sb. of sth.使某人想起某事 suspect sb. of sth.怀疑某人(做)某事rob sb. of sth.抢了某人某物 inform sb. of sth.通知某人某事warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事 accuse sb. of sth.控告某人某事 5absorb vt.吸收，吸进(液体、气体等)；理解，获取(信息)；吸引住某人的注意力或兴趣absorb water/light/heat (take in) 吸收水/光/热 absorb what sb. said 理解某人所说的话absorb ones attention 吸引某人的注意力 be absorbed in. 全神贯注于(1)Black cloth _ light.黑色布料吸收光线。(2)Did you _ everything the professor said? 教授说的你全部理解了吗？(3)He _ deep thought.他陷入沉思。 6suspect vt.怀疑；不信任 n嫌疑犯；可疑对象 suspect sth.怀疑某事 suspect that clause怀疑 suspect sb. to be.猜想某人是suspect sb. of(doing) sth.怀疑某人有某种罪行或做过某事(1)I began to _ (that) they were trying to get rid of me.我开始怀疑他们试图摆脱我。(2)They _ him _ murder.他们怀疑他犯有谋杀罪。(3)What made you _ her _ having taken the money？你凭什么怀疑钱是她偷的？(4)The police arrested the _ yesterday.警方昨天逮捕了那个嫌疑犯。 7blame n&vt.责备；责任 blame sth. on sb.把某事归咎于某人 accept/bear/take the blame for sth. 对某事负责任put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人blame sb. for sth./doing sth.因为某事责备某人/责备某人做了某事be to blame (for)应(为)承担责任；该(为)受责备(此处不能用被动语态)(1)He _ me _ my carelessness.他责备我的疏忽大意。(2)Mr. Li is not _ the accident.这次事故不能怨李先生。(3)Where does _ our failure lie? 我们失败的症结在哪里？ 8contribute vt.&vi.作贡献，捐献；投(稿) contribution n. 贡献，捐献，投稿 contributor n. 捐助者；投稿人 contribute to sth. 增加，增添；促成某事 make a contribution to.为作贡献contribute sth. to/towards 给捐献/捐赠 contribute (sth.) to sth. 撰稿；投(1)We should _ food and clothing _ the relief of the poor.我们应该捐赠食品和衣物救济贫民。(2)Drink _ his ruin.酗酒促使他毁灭。(3)The Song Dynasty _ three great inventions _ world civilization.宋朝为世界文明贡献出三大发明。(4)He _an article _ China Daily.他为中国日报撰写了一篇文章。 9reject vt.抛开；丢掉；拒绝，抵制n被拒绝或抛弃的人或物(1)My cousin tried to join the army but _.我堂兄试图参军，但没有被接受。(2)After the transplant his body _ the new heart.在移植手术后，他的身体对移植的心脏产生排斥反应。(3)I _ the rotten oranges.我把腐烂的橘子扔掉了。提示：reject与refuse的区别：refuse指拒绝别人的请求、帮助、邀请等，其后可跟不定式。reject不能用于拒绝别人的邀请或帮助，其后不能跟不定式。She refused (to accept) my gift.She rejected my gift.她拒绝接受我的礼物。 10put forward 提出，推荐；将提前 put away/aside 放在一边；收拾起来；储存put back 放回，拨回 put down 写下；镇压；放下put forth 提出；颁布 o 把翻译成put off 延期，推迟 put on 穿、戴上；(速度、体重)增加；上演put out 扑灭，熄灭 put through 接通电话put up 举起；建造；张贴 put up with 忍受，忍耐，容忍(1)She often _ some useful advice.她常常提出一些有用的建议。(2)Can I _ you/your name _ as golf club secretary？我推荐你担任高尔夫球俱乐部的秘书怎么样？(3)We have _ the wedding _ one week.我们已将婚礼提前了一周。(4)_ your watch _；youre five minutes slow.把你的表往前拨一下，你慢了5分钟。 11apart from除之外 take.apart把拆开tell.apart区分，辨别 set/put apart留出(1)_ the cost, it will take a lot of time.除了花钱以外，还要花很多时间。(2)I have nothing _ the clothes I am wearing.除了我身上穿的衣服以外，我什么也没有。(3)The mechanics _ the engine _.机械师把发动机拆开了。(4)Its almost impossible to _ Jackie and Moira _ since they had their hair cut. 杰姬和莫伊拉把头发剪了，几乎不可能把她俩区别开来。 12make sense 讲得通；有道理；很有意义 in a sense在某种意义上make sense of sth. 懂；了解的含义 make no sense 讲不通；无意义 There is no sense in doing sth. 做没必要/道理 common sense 常识 a sense of humor/safety 幽默感/安全感 in no sense 决不是；决非(1)What he says _.他说的有道理。(2)Can you _ this poem? 你能明白这首诗的含义吗？(3)What you say is true _.你所说的在某种意义上是真实的。(4)That just _ me.那对我毫无意义。(5)_ does this excuse their actions.这决不能成为他们行为的托辞。(6)_in getting upset about it now.现在为这件事苦恼是没有意义的。.重点句型详解 1So many thousands of terrified people died every_time there was an outbreak. 因此每次暴发(霍乱)时，就有大批惊恐的人死去。这是由名词词组 every time 充当连词的时间状语从句，意为“每当”，相当于 when。某些表达时间的名词词组可直接充当连词，即“名词连词化现象”。常见的有：(1)不定代词time如：any time, each time. (2)序数词time 如：the first/last time.(3)the瞬时名词 如：the minute/moment/instant (4)the时间名词 如：the day/night/month/time.He brings her flowers every time he goes to see her.他每次去看她都给她带花。The first time he did the experiment, he succeeded.他第一次做实验就成功了。Ill give him your message the minute he arrives.等他一到，我就把你的口信给他。He bought a computer the day he got his salary.他发工资那天买了一台电脑。The boys ran off_ they saw the owner of the orchard (果园)Aat timesBthe hour Cthe moment Dat once 2Only_if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. 只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。 only 修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，放在句首时，句子要部分倒装，即把助动词、情态动词或系动词 be放在主语之前。Only then did I realize the mistakes I had made.只有在那时我才意识到我所犯的错误。Only in this way can you make progress.只有以这种方式你才能取得进步。Only when the war was over in 1949 was he able to get back home.只有在1949年战争结束时他才能回家。拓展：if only要是该多好，但愿。if only从句可单独使用，这时要用虚拟语气：表示与过去相反的愿望用 had done；与现在相反的愿望用 did/were；表示与将来相反的愿望用 “would/could/might动词原形”。If only I had gone to Beijing.我要是去了北京就好了。If only he could come tomorrow.他要是明天能来就好了。_both sides accept the agreement will a lasting peace be established in this region.AOnly if BUnless CIf only DAs long as .语法解析过去分词作定语：He face wore a puzzled expression. 他脸上有一种困惑的表情。(1)一般情况下，单个的过去分词作定语，放在被修饰的词之前；过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰的词之后，往往可用定语从句代替。She had a worried look on her face. 她脸上有一种忧虑的表情。I like eating the frozen food. 我喜欢吃冷冻食品。The boy injured (who was injured) in the accident was taken to hospital. 在事故中受伤的男孩被送到医院了。There is a car parked (which is parked) outside the house. 房子外面停着一辆车。(2)个别情况下，也有单个过去分词作后置定语的。There was nobody injured. 没有人受伤。Weve got a little left.我们只剩一点儿了。Do you know the number of books ordered? 你知道订购了多少书吗？(3)作定语用的过去分词表示一个完成的动作，若要表示正在进行的动作，则用现在分词的被动式（being done），若表示将来的动作，则用不定式的被动形式（即to be done）。Is this the book written by Lu Xun? 这是鲁迅写的书吗？What do you think of the meeting being held here? 你对正在这里举行的会议怎么看？He prepared some poems to be recited at the English Evening. 他准备了几首将在英语晚会上朗诵的诗。过去分词用作表语：(1)过去分词作表语（其中有些已变成形容词）往往表示主语的状态或特点，常用在系动词后面，这些系动词有be, remain, feel, grow, become等。I was delighted to be invited to her party. 我很高兴被邀请参加她的晚会。She remained unmarried all her life. 她一生未婚。(2)“be+过去分词”的结构与被动语态相似，区别在于这种结构表示的是一种状态，而被动语态表示的是一个动作；其次，如果过去分词前有too, very, so 等程度副词修饰时，为“be+过去分词”的结构，如果过去分词前后有much, too much so much very much修饰时，为被动语态；另外，“be+过去分词”的结构常用一般现在时，而被动语态要根据动作发生的时间来决定动词的时态，用过去时较多。The glass is broken. 玻璃碎了。（be+过去分词）The glass was broken last night. 玻璃昨晚被打碎了。（被动语态）The man was too frightened to stand up.那个人害怕得站不起来。（be+过去分词）He was so much shocked that he couldnt utter a word. 他被震惊得说不出话。（被动语态）版权所有：高考资源网()易 错 点 拨 1. defeat/beat/win这三个词都有“赢”的意思，但其用法不尽相同。(1)defeat和beat是同义词，其宾语必须是“人或一个集体”。如a team, a class, a school, an army。defeat侧重在战场上打败敌人，beat常用于游戏或比赛中，但在平时运用中常替换使用。(2)win表示在较强的竞争中取得了胜利，常带的宾语有：game, war, prize, fame, battle等。win还可作为不及物动词来用。用defeat, beat, win填空(1)He _ all his opponents in the election.(2)Peasants _ the drought and reaped a good harvest.(3)After a heart-to-heart talk, I _ his belief at last.(4)The enemys plot was _ very soon.(5)We wouldnt have _without your help.(6)Mary _ first prize for swimming. 2. cure/treat/heal(1)treat指通过药物、特别的食品或运动治病，强调治疗过程，treat sb. for sth.医治某人病； 还可作“对待，看待”讲，treat.as把看作/视为。(2)cure意为“治愈，痊愈”，特别指病后的恢复健康。其后可接表示疾病的名词或代词，也可 接sb. of再加表示疾病的名词。另外，还可作“矫正，纠正”解，借喻指消除社会上某种不良现象或个人恶习等。(3)heal意为“治愈”，多用于治愈外伤，如：wound, cut, injury, burn等。(1)He _ his students as his own children.他把学生看作自己的孩子。(2)The doctors are trying to _ him with a new drug.医生们尝试用一种新药为他治病。(3)His wound is _ over.他的伤口正在愈合。(4)The medicine will _ you of your cough.这药能治好你的咳嗽。(5)When I left hospital I was completely _.出院时我已完全康复了。 3. announce/declare(1)announce宣布；宣告(含有“预告”的意思)，尤其是大家所关心的或有新闻价值的事情的宣布。用announce说个人要做某事，常常含有“郑重其事”的意思。(2)declare宣布(如公开声明战争、和平、中立、意见等)，用于正式场合。(1)This powerful country _ war on that small country.这个大国向那个小国宣战。(2)It was _ that there would be a celebration on Sunday.据宣布，星期日要举行庆祝(活动)。 4. apart from/in addition(to)/as well as/except/except for/except that/besidesapart from 除之外(既可以表示 except或 except for，也可以表示 besides)in addition 也；另外；此外；还(相当于副词 besides)in addition to 除以外还(相当于介词 besides)as well as 还；既又；也(相当于介词 besides)except (but) 除之外(不包括在内) except for 除之外(强调有美中不足)except that (what/when/where) 除了 besides 除之外 (包括在内)；况且；此外用上述词或词组填空(1)I like her _ she is angry.(2)I have read a lot of novels _ some short stories.(3)Your composition is very good _ some spelling mistakes.(4)_， we have a researchoriented program.(5)They all went to sleep _ the little boy.高 效 作 业 .单词拼写1A nurse _(照料) to his needs constantly.2Mr. Smith is a _(内科医师) in the hospital.3A scientific theory is the result of the _ (科学的) method.4She doesnt want to _ (暴露) herself to the public, because she is a shy girl.5Destruction of the environment is one of the most serious _(挑战) we face.6He drew a c_ after a lot of experiments.7Who is to b_ for starting the fire?8A_ from your spelling, your composition is rather good.9Have they a_ when the plane will take off?10You must be c_ when crossing the street. .单项选择1(2010桂林中学)His failure at _ first attempt didnt disappoint him. Instead, he gathered his courage and tried _ second time. Athe; the Bthe; a Ca; the Da; a2(2010陕西西安质检)It doesnt make sense _ after _. You should cheer up and practice hard instead. Ato complain; being defeated Bcomplain; defeating Ccomplain; being defeated Dto complain; defeating 3The doctor _ the patient with great care and said there was nothing wrong with him. Atested Battended Cexamined Dchecked 4In my opinion, it is the coach rather than the players that _. Ais to blame Bis to be blamed Care to blame Dare to be blamed 5He has no other interests _his work. Afar from Baway from Capart from Dexcept that 6What do you think of the plan he _ at the meeting? Very good. But the most important is to put it into _. Aput up; action Bput forward; practice Cput aside; practice Dput away; truth 7Eating too much fat can_ heart disease and cause high blood pressure. Arelate to Bcontribute to Cattend to Ddevote to 8The Town Hall _ in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time. Ato be completed Bhaving been completed Ccompleted Dbeing completed 9_the sun for long, youll get sun-burnt. AExposed to BBeing exposed CExposing to DTo expose to 10Although this medicine can cure you _ your illness, it has a bad effect _ you. Afor; in Bfor; on Cof; on Dof; at 11When I opened the door, I found my father sitting in his chair, completely_ a magazine. Aabsorbing Babsorbed in Cabsorbing to Dabsorbed to 12How about joining us in the game? Im sorry. I have an urgent matter to _. Arelate to Bhandle to Cattend to Drefer to 13(2010山东潍坊质量监测)Faced with a problem, you have to _ it first, and then try to find a solution. Aresemble Bsubstitute Cconcentrate Danalyze 14I threatened to report the taxi driver for illegally _ a passenger, but he pointed at his “Not for Hire” sign and drove away. Aresisting Brejecting Creducing Dremoving 15Have you heard of a person in Qingdao who won a million in the lottery? A million! _ we had won it. AWhat if BOnly if CWhat about DIf only .完形填空I had my first chocolate bar at five. Ill never forget the delicious，comforting taste. It was World War.I lived in a small town in Europe when the Russian army _1_ west toward Nazi Germany. Many people in our village fled in _2_.In the _3_ , I stood with my 12yearold sister，Elyte，near the railroad station, _4_ a train leaving for Germany waited.Only families were _5_ to board the train. Just before departure，a woman _6_ alone approached us. “Ill take care of him，”she told Elyte, and _7_ me onto the train as it left the station. The entire trip I_8_for my mother. We arrived in Hamburg. Dead bodies_9_the bombed out streets. Now that the woman had _10_ escaped the small town she had no more use for me. I lived on the streets，like thousands of _11_ children in that war torn city. I _12_