九年级英语——定语从句的考点讲解和训练.doc

此文档收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除复习九：定语从句的考点讲解和训练【考点扫描】中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：1. 定语从句的功用和结构 2. 关系代词和关系副词的功用 3. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。一. 定语从句的功用和结构在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如：This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.Do you know everybody who came to the party?I still remember the night when I first came to the village?This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.二. 关系代词和关系副词的功用关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词做主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。1. 作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如：I dont like people who talk much but do little.The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.2. 作宾语： She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.3. 作定语 关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如：Whats the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.4. 作状语Ill never forget the day when I first came to Beijing. This is the house where I was born.三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：The person who broke the window must pay for it.The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?Mr. Lee (whom) you want to see has come.3. whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如：The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today. I know the boy whose father is a professor.4. which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.5. that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：Ive read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.Who is the person that（who）is reading the newspaper over there?6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm.He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：This is the house where we lived last year.The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.四. 具体使用时还要注意下列问题：1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况：(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如：All that he said is true. Is there anything that I can do for you?(我能给你做点什么吗？)(2) 先行词被any, all，much, many等词修饰时。例如：He is the only foreigner that has been to that place.Tom told her mother all that had happened. 汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他妈妈。(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：He was the second (person) that told me the secret.He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。This is the best book (that) I have read this year.This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had. 这是我度过的最美好的时光。(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：They talked about the things and the persons that they remembered in the school.他们谈论他们记得的有关学校的事和人。(6) 先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last修饰时。例：This will be the last chance that he can get. (这将会是他得到的唯一机会。) He is the only person that can help you out. (他是唯一能帮你的人。)(7) 当主句是以who，which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who时。例：Which is the book that he bought from the library yesterday?(哪本是你们昨天从图书馆借的书？)2. 只能用which，不用that 的情况：(1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如：The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.(2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.3. 特别提醒 定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。（1）【误】People who has been invited to the party are very excited. 【正】People who have been invited to the party are very excited.【解析】例句中who在定语从句中作主语，先行词是people，从句中谓语动词要用have been invited。（2）【误】I like the photos which was taken in Beijing. 【正】I like the photos which were taken in Beijing. 【解析】 which were taken in Beijing是一个定语从句，用于修饰先行词the photos，而which本身就代替先行词the photos。因此谓语动词要用复数，造成第句错误的原因是没有弄清楚关系词which的实质，只从形式上看它是单数。4. 在“one of+复数名词+who/that/which”引导的定语从句中，从句中的动词应该是复数形式。但如果the only来修饰one时，从句的动词应是单数形式。如：This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told.She was the only one of the girls who was late.五.关系代词 whom， which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room which we had lived in for ten years. 【中考范例】1. -Does the teacher know everybody _ planted the trees? -Yes, he does.A. which B. whose C. where D. who【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。2. The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important. A. who B. where C. what D. that【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是物，而关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，所以只有that合适。3. -Where is the scientist _ gave us the talk yesterday?-He has gone back to Qinghua University. A. whom B. who C. whose D. which【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。4. I hate people _ talk much but do little. A. whose B. whom C. which D. who【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有who合适。一. 单项填空1. -Who is the man _ was talking to our English teacher?-Oh! Its Mr Baker, our maths teacher. A. he B. that C. whom D. which2. I hate the people _ dont help others when they are in trouble.A. who B. which C. they D. where3. The foreigner _ visited our school is from Canada.A. which B. when C. who D. whom4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing.A. who B. whom C. he D. which5. This is the place _I have ever visited. A. there B. when C. where D. which6. Nobody knows the reason _ she didnt come to the meeting. A. that B. which C. why D. when7. The moon is a world _ there is no life. A. that B. which C. where D. why8. He has forgotten the day _ he arrived. A. when B. where C. that D. which9. He still remembers the days _ he spent with your family. A. when B. where C. that D. on which10. Mr. White, _ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.A. who B. that C. whose D. which11. He got to the village _ his family once lived before liberation.A. that B. which C. when D. where12. This is the house _ I want to buy. A. in which B. that C. whose D. where13. This is the house _ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked.A. which B. that C. when D. where14. He didnt tell me the place _ he was born. A. that B. which C. when D. where15. He lived in a small village, _ was a long way from the railway station.A. that B . which C. where D. when16. Football, is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.A. which B. that C. it D. what17. Ill never forget the morning we left for Beijing.A. when B. where C. which D. that18. All should be done has been done. A. which B. that C. who D. whom19. The book I borrowed from the library yesterday is very interesting.A. that B. what C. where D. who20. She helped her parents on the farm they live. A. where B. which C. that D. when二. 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there.4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her.5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.7. The man waved to us. The man was my uncle.necklace n. 项链8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last we