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_Part One Please read the following sentences and choose the best answer to each question. (25%)1. Semantics is the study of _. A. linguistic competence B. language functions C. meanings D. social behavior 2Which of the following is not generally believed to be area of linguistics? A. syntax B. semantics C. phonology D. etiology3There are morphemes in the word “boyish”.Aone BtwoCthreeDfour4The semantic components of the word “man” can be expressed as .A+animate, +human, +male, -adultB+animate, +human, -male, -adultC+animate, +human. +male, +adultD+animate, +human, -male, +adult5The maxim of _ requires that a participants contribution be relevant to theconversation. A. quantity B. quality C. manner D. relation6The words such as “editor”, “hawker” are .Aformed by blendingBacronymsCcoined by back formationDClipped words7The Swiss linguist laid the foundation of linguistics in the 20th century, and thus was described as “Father of Modern Linguistics”.AL. BloomfieldBF. D. SaussureCN. ChomskyDM. A. K. Halliday8. is NOT a distinctive feature of human language.AArbitrarinessBProductivityCCultural transmissionDDisplacement 9. TG grammar was advanced by _. A. Searle B. Whorf C. Halliday D. Noam Chomsky10Who put forward the distinction between Langue and Parole? A. Saussure B. Chomsky C. Halliday D. Anonymous11The study of static, or so-called “literal”, meaning of language falls into the scope of , a major branch of linguistics.APragmaticsBSemanticsCSyntaxDMorphology12 first put forward the speech act theory.AJ. SearleBJ. AustinCN. ChomskyDM. A.K Halliday13Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedtoconveymeaningincommunicationis_ A.morphology B.generallinguistics C.phonology D.semantics14The famous Cooperative Principle was first put forward by .AJ. AustinBG. LeechCH. P. GriceDS. Levinson15Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community and refers to the actualized language.AspeechBlanguageCparoleDlanguage16Normally, a syllable consists of three parts, that is, the , the , and the .Aonset, peak, codaBpeak, coda, onsetCpeak, onset, codaDcoda, peak, onset17According to morphology, “-ful” in the word “colorful” is called a(n) morpheme, while “-es” in “apologies” is called a(n) morpheme.Aderivational, freeBinflectional, boundCinflectional, freeDderivational, inflectional18In semantics, the relationship between “buy” and “sell” are opposites, and “single” and “married” are called antonyms.Arelational, complementaryBgradable, relationalCrelational, gradableDcomplementary, relational19 is the study of the rules governing the ways words, word groups and phrases are combined to form sentences in a language.ASemanticsBPragmaticsCSyntaxDMorphology20. Which of the following word classes are open classes? A. conjunctionB. determinerC. articleD. verb21. “Concord” has the same meaning as _. A. perfectiveB. progressiveC. agreementD. government22. Synonymy is the technical term for the _ relation. A. oppositenessB. complementary C. gradable D. sameness23.Which of the following are correct readings of “CAUSE (x, (BECOME (y, (ALIVE (y)”? A. x causes y to become not alive. B. x causes y to become alive. C. x causes y to become not dead. D. y causes x to become dead.24. Linguists give priority to the spoken language not the written language because .A. vocal sounds are derived from writing systemsB. speech precedes writing everywhere in the worldC. we have recording devices to study speechD. spoken language precedes written language only in Indo-European languages.25. The study of language development over a period of time is generally termed as linguistics.A. applied B. diachronic C. comparative D. synchronicPart Two Read each in the following statements and judge whether it is true or false. Write “T” for true, “F” for false on your answer sheet. (10%)26. For sounds to be allophones of the same phoneme they must be complementarily distributed and must have phonetic similarity.27. A closed syllable is one without a coda.28. Every word has a sense just as every word has a reference.29. Conversational implicative is a kind of implied meaning, deduced on the basis of the conventional meaning of words together with the context, under the guidance of the CP and its maxims.30. The first meaning for a word that a dictionary definition gives is usually its figurative meaning.31. Similes and metaphors are different in that a metaphor makes a comparison between two unlike elements.32. “Shit, youve put the peanut butter in the refrigerator again.” This is mostly likely to be said by a woman.33The relation between “vehicle” and “car” is called hyponymy.34The consonant s in English can be described as: voiced alveolar fricative.35Inflection is the manifestation of grammatical relationships through the addition of inflection affixes, which do change the grammatical class of the stem.Part Three Please define the following terms briefly (20%)36the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis 37Conversational Implicature 38IC analysis39the London School Part Four Answer the following questions: (15%)40. How to understand the term “affix”? Give examples for its different subtypes. 41. What is synonymy? What is antonymy? Give examples.42. What is syllable? Use an example to illustrate its components.Part FiveEssay writing. (30%)B:Directions:Choose any one from the given topics and develop it into an essay in not less than 200 words. (30%)The Prague school TG Grammar American Structuralism Linguistics of My ViewPart One此部分共25题,一题1分,合计25分。主要考察学生语言学基本知识的掌握程度。1-5 ADBCD 6-10 CBCDA 11-15 BBCCC 16-20 ADACD 21-25 CDABBPart Two此部分共10题,一题1分,合计10分。主要考察学生运用语言学基本知识进行分析判断的能力。 26-30 T F F T T 31-35 F T T F FPart three此部分共4题,一题5分,合计20分。主要考察学生语言学术语及基本理论的掌握程度。评分标准:1) 每题5分。2) 拼写错误、语法错误、用词错误、语法错误每处扣1分。因拼写错误、语法错误或用词错误造成与原文意思不符,每处扣2分。3) 内容比答案少按比例扣分,内容多于答案但没有概念性的错误不扣分。内容多于答案但有概念性错误(如举例不当)酌情扣12分。 36. the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis: a hypothesis developed by Benjamin Lee Whorf on his and Edward Sapirs anthropological research and experience with Hopi, an American Indian language. It suggests that our language helps mould our way of thinking and, consequently, different languages may probably express speakers unique ways of understanding the world. Following this argument, two important points could be captured in this theory. On the one hand, language may determine our thinking patterns; on the other, similarity between languages is relative. The greater their structural differentiation is, the more diverse their conceptualization of the world will be. For this reason, this hypothesis has alternatively been referred to as linguistic determinism and linguistic relativitya view which “was first expounded by the German ethnologist, Wilhelm von Humboldt”. 37. Conversational Implicature: it was proposed by Grice, Grices aware that speakers do not always follow CP and its maxims. In fact, they often violate them. Whether the speaker follows or violates these maxims, he produces some implicature a kind of extra meaning that is not contained in the utterance. Particularly, when any of the maxims is blatantly violated that the hearer knows that it is being violated, then conversational implicatures arise. 38. IC analysis, immediate constituent analysis, may be defined as: the analysis of a sentence in terms of its immediate constituents-word groups (or phrases), which are in tern analyzed into the immediate constituents of their own, and the process goes on until the ultimate constituents are reached.39. The London School generally refers to the kind of linguistic scholarship in England. The representatives are Malinowski, Firth and Halliday. The all stressed the importance of context of situation and the system aspect of language. Thus, London School is also known as systemic linguistics and functional linguistics.Part Four. 此部分共3题,一题5分,合计15分。主要考察学生语言学术语及运用语言学基本原理分析诗歌的能力。1) 每题5分。2) 拼写错误、语法错误、用词错误、语法错误每处扣1分。因拼写错误、语法错误或用词错误造成与原文意思不符,每处扣2分。3) 内容比答案少按采分点扣分,内容点多于答案但没有概念性的错误不扣分。内容点多于答案但有概念性错误酌情扣分,举例不当每处扣2分,概念或阐述性错误每处扣5分。 40 An affix is the collective term of the type of formative that can be used only when added to another morpheme(the root or stem).e.g.: prefix para-, mini-suffix -ise, -tioninfix foot/feet, goose/geese 41. synonymy: is the technical name for the sameness relation. Such as, buy and purchase.antonymy is the name for oppositeness relation. Such as husband and wife, buy and sell.42. The syllable is an important unit in the study of phonology. In English, a word may be monosyllabic (with one syllable, like cat and dog) or polysyllabic (with more than one syllable, like transplant or festival). A syllable usually consists of an onset,

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