tx063基于ARQ的数字通信系统纠检错方法
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tx063基于ARQ的数字通信系统纠检错方法,机械毕业设计
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本科生毕业设计（论文） 题 目： 基于 ARQ 的数字通信系统纠检错方法 姓 名： 颜 永 灿 学 号： 1002585 学 院： 物理与信息工程学院 专 业： 通信工程 年 级： 2002 级 指导教师： （签名） 2006年 06 月 10日 nts基于 ARQ 数字通信系统的纠检错方法 专业： 通信工程 学号： 1002585 姓名： 颜永灿 指导教师： 林东 中文摘要 近年来 ,随着计算机技术和通信技术的飞速发展 ,ARQ(自 动请求重发 )差错控制技术的研究和应用取得了巨大的发展 ,ARQ 差错控制技术应用也越来越广泛 大部分通信应用都需要实时传送数据 在通信过 程 ,ARQ 传送中 ,吞吐率和时延是两个主要的性能指标 一般来说 ,当码字无错接收时 ,吞吐率是和传送时延是互相矛盾的 在本文的绪论部分 ,就 ARQ 技术的背景和发展现状做了介绍 ;在本文的第二章 ,首先介绍了 ARQ技术的主要类型及其工作原理 ,并对三种基本型 ARQ进行信道利用率分析 第三 章 ,提出了两种改进型停止等待 ARQ,一种是 使用大数判决算法对 基本型 停止等待型 ARQ 进行改进 ,另一种是使用大数判决算法对 Moeneclaey型停止等待 ARQ 进行改进 ,使改进型适用于传输性能较差的通信环境 在第四章介绍了一种自适应性连续型 ARQ 方案 ;在进行长距离通信时 ,通信系统根据对信道传输性能的估计结果 ,在两种不同的连续型 ARQ(Go-Back-N)型 ARQ 和Moeneclacy连续型 ARQ)之间来回转换 ,从而取得了比采用单一类型的连续型 ARQ方案高得多的链路利用效率 最后 ,给出了全 文 内容的总结 关键词： 自动请求重发 , 吞吐效率 ,大数判决法 nts THE METHOD OF CHECKING AND RECTIFYING DATA COMMUNICATION BASED ON ARQ Abstract The studies of ARQ(Automatic Repeat Quest) message in accompany with de-velopment of process technology obtain great development technology and commu-nication technology, and more and more applications of ARQ communication turn up. Most of the applications of communication need transmit real-time data. For ARQ system, the throughput and the transmission delay are the two primary performance factors. Generally, the tradeoff between the two aspects is a dilemma, which is espe-cially outstanding in high speed data communication， in the process of the commu-nication. In the preface to the dissertation, the backdrop and the developing situation of ARQ communications are presented. Later, the work principles of three major of ARQ are demonstrated, and this article is analysing the rate of using the channel be-side them. After these, in chapter 3, two new types of improved ARQ schemes are proposed. One is improved Stop-and-Wait ARQ with the Major Voting algorithm, the other is improve Moeneclaey Stop-and-Wait ARQ with the Major Voting algorithm. The adoption of Major Voting algorithm makes the improved scheme achieve higher throughput efficiency than the original scheme even when Error-Bit-Rate is very high. In chapter 4, a self-adaptive scheme of continuous ARQ is proposed. Under such a new continuous ARQ scheme, communication system can choose either of two con-tinuous ARQ schemes(Go-Back-N ARQ and Moeneclaey continuous ARQ) according to the channel transmission performance. Therefore, higher throughput efficiency is obtained. In the end of the dissertation, conclusions are presented. Key words: Arq ,Throughput Efficiency,Major Voting nts基于 ARQ 的数字通信系统纠检错方法 专业： 通信工程 学号： 1002585 姓名： 颜永灿 指导教师： 林东 中文摘要 近年来 ,随着计算机技术和通信技术的飞速发展 ,ARQ(自动请求重发 )差错控制技术的研究和应用取得了巨大的发展 ,ARQ 差错控制技术应用也越来越广泛 大部分通信应用都需要实时传送数据 在通信过程 ,ARQ 传送中 ,吞吐率和时延是两个主要的性能指标 一般来说 ,当码字无错接收时 ,吞吐率是和传送时延是互相矛盾的 当传送时 延高 时 ,吞吐 效率就会下降 ,而 现在远距离 通信 已经 成了通信 系统中必不可少的一部分 所以如何 减小传送时延对吞吐 效率 的影响 成了 现在 研究的一个重要部分 在本文的绪论部分 ,就 ARQ 技术的背景和发展现状做了介绍 ;在本文的第二章 ,首先介绍了 ARQ技术的主要类型及其工作原理 ,并对三种基本型 ARQ进行信道利用率分析 第三章 ,提出了两种改进型停止等待 ARQ,一种是使用大数判决算法对基本型停止等待型 ARQ 进行改 进 ,另一种是使用大数判决算法对 Moeneclaey型停止等待 ARQ 进行改进 ,使改进型适用于传输性能较差的通信环境 在第四章介绍了一种自适应性连续型 ARQ 方案 ;在进行长距离通信时 ,通信系统根据对信道传输性能的估计结果 ,在两种不同的连续型 ARQ(Go-Back-N)型 ARQ 和Moeneclacy连续型 ARQ)之间来回转换 ,从而取得了比采用单一类型的连续型 ARQ方案高得多的链路利用效率 最后 ,给出了全文内容的总结 关键词： 自动请求重发 ,差错控制 , 吞吐效率 ,大数判决 算法 ntsTHE METHOD OF CHECKING AND RECTIFYING DATA COMMUNICATION BASED ON ARQ Abstract The studies of ARQ(Automatic Repeat Quest) message in accompany with de-velopment of process technology obtain great development technology and commu-nication technology, and more and more applications of ARQ communication turn up. Most of the applications of communication need transmit real-time data. For ARQ system, the throughput and the transmission delay are the two primary performance factors. Generally, the tradeoff between the two aspects is a dilemma, which is espe-cially outstanding in high speed data communication， in the process of the commu-nication. When transmit real-time is big , the throught will reduce. Now, long communica-tion is a indispensabilitic part of cmumunication system. So how to reduce the affect of real-time to throughout is a inportant part of the reserch now. In the preface to the dissertation, the backdrop and the developing situation of ARQ communications are presented. Later, the work principles of three major of ARQ are demonstrated, and this article is analysing the rate of using the channel be-side them. After these, in chapter 3, two new types of improved ARQ schemes are proposed. One is improved Stop-and-Wait ARQ with the Major Voting algorithm, the other is improve Moeneclaey Stop-and-Wait ARQ with the Major Voting algorithm. The adoption of Major Voting algorithm makes the improved scheme achieve higher throughput efficiency than the original scheme even when Error-Bit-Rate is very high. In chapter 4, a self-adaptive scheme of continuous ARQ is proposed. Under such a new continuous ARQ scheme, communication system can choose either of two con-tinuous ARQ schemes(Go-Back-N ARQ and Moeneclaey continuous ARQ) according to the channel transmission performance. Therefore, higher throughput efficiency is obtained. In the end of the dissertation, conclusions are presented. Key words: Arq , Error Control, Throughput Efficiency, Major Voting Algonthm nts福州大学本科生毕业设计（论文）诚信承诺书 毕业设计（论文）题目 中文： 基于 ARQ 的数字通信系统纠检错方法 外文： THE METHOD OF CHECKING AND RECTIFYING DATA COMMU-NICATION BASED ON ARQ 学生姓名 颜永灿 年 级 2002 级 学 号 1002585 所在学院 物理与信息工程学院 所学专业 通信工程 学生承诺 我承诺在 毕业设计（论文）活动中遵守学校有关规定，恪守学术规范，在本人的毕业设计（论文）中未 剽窃 、抄袭 他人的学术观点、思想和 成 果 ，未篡改实验数据，如有违规行为发生我愿承担一切责任，接受学校的处理。 学生（签名）： 2006 年 6 月 10 日 指导教师承诺 我承诺在指导学生 毕业设计（论文）活动中遵守学校有关规定，恪守学术规范，经过本人认真的核查，该同学的毕业设计（论文）中未发现有 剽窃 、抄袭 他人的学术观点、思想和 成 果 的现象，未发现篡改实验数据。 指导教师（签名）： 2006 年 6 月 10 日 nts目 录 1. 任务书 2. 开题报告 3. 文献综述 4. 外文翻译 5. 外文原文 6. 诚信承诺书 nts 福州大学 本科生毕业设计（论文） 文 献 综 述 姓 名： 颜永灿 学 号： 1002585 学 院： 物理与信息工程学院 专 业： 通信工程 年 级： 2002 级 2006年 06 月 10日 ntsA New Selective Retransmitted ARQ System Li wei Deng shu-guang Shenzhen Starsoft Computer Inc. Shenzhen P. R. of China Abstract :In this paper ,a partly repeated ARQ error control system of combining continuous transmission pattern with SW ARQ pattern is considered. The system transmits data by means of a half-duplex channel. It can save frequency-band or a channel comparing with GBN ARQ strategy, while its throughput is much higher than that of SW ARQ strategy and approximates to a throughput of GBN ARQ strategy. Analysis in this paper will show that the system has excellent performance and practical values. Keyword : Throughput, SW - ARQ , GBN - ARQ , the Probability of bit error, Half -duplex channel, Error control. 1. Introduction ARQ error control system is an effective form for retransmission error control in the data communication. It has three basic types and many other varieties. The stop-and-wait (SW ARQ) use a half duplex channel and can be easily realized. But when the loop delay becomes longer, the system throughput will quickly decrease. Both the Go-Back-N ARQ(GBN ARQ) and the selective retransmission ARQ increase the throughput by means of continuous transmission. However ,they need a full duplex channel and they are more difficult to be realized. Considering tlle above problems,we will present a new ARQ system which uses an half duplex channel. Through analysing the non - error perid ( non-error sequence) of information and its distribution, this system operates by alternating between the continuous transmission and the SW - ARQ. The continuous transmission will increase the system throughput while the SW ARQ will make the data transmission be highly accurate. Because of using the half duplex channel, this system can save the band source of the communication system. For the existing fixed band system, using this system can increase the band width of information which is transmitted forward, increase the transmission speed, and can improve the communicstion capacity of the whole system. 2. The sy: tem structure. Fig. 1 shows the operation processes of the patdy selected retransmission ARQ yfcm presented in this paper. This system uses an half duplex channel, and transmits the information words by alternating 1815 0-7803-0917-0/93$03.00 Q 1993 IEEE ntsbetween the continuous transmission and the SW - ARQ, Different from the traditional ARQ, the receiver needn t transmit an ACK or NAK answer back to the sender for every received word. The receiver just transmitsthe code number to the sender for the code tested to be wrong. When a group of continuous transmitted codes are all received through request transmission, the receiver will send an answer CACK which means that this group has been totally received. In the system design, two problems must be solved. One is how to divide and number the code groups. Before the sender begining to transmit, the codes are devided into several certain length groups (assuming the length be M, here). Each code in the groups is numbered form 1 to M. When the sender send the codes to the receiver, it need not send the number. Both the receiver and the sender determine the number by the sequence postition of sending and receiving. The other one is that both the sender and receiver need a data buffer to store M code words and the receiver need a buffer to store the number of the error codes to make the system work normally. Now, in the following, we discuss how to determine the code length M. In the communication system, error sequences are caused by random factors. It is a random sequence or a random process, which obeys a certain distribution rule. So based on the analysis on non-error period (non-error sequence) and its distribution, the length of the continuous transmission group in the sender can be chosen to make the whole system more effective and reasonable. Provided that the input sequence in the code channel is C = (CO , c1 *e ) ci E- GF (9). In a binary system, q=2, GEGF ( 2), C is a sequence made up of symbol 0 and 1. let R=(ro, rl *e ) be the output sequence of the channel, ri E GF ( 2 1. Because there are interference in the channel, C is not equal to R. their relationship are : E is the difference set between input sequence and output sequence. It is obviously a random sequence and totally determined by the interference in the channel. Here, we call it the error sequence of the code channel. The symbol “0” in E means the code on this position is right, “1 means that is wrong. Definition: In error sequence E, if the number of non - error code bits ( 0) between two neighhouring error code bits (1) is K- 1, then this non-error code bits sequence is called a non-error period or non - error sequence whose length is K, simplified as K period. let GK show the K period. then probability of GK occured is: P(GK)=P(O- / 1) 05 00 obviously, P (GK) = P ( OK- 1 / K=l K-1 1)=1 If the mathematical expectation of period length(average value) E( K) exists, then 1816 ntsthe lth group continuous sending the Ith group retransmission the 2nd group continuous sending -7-p I I fault fau ti I fault Fig.1 The sketch mapof operation process turn to continuous transmission stituation t j =M? SW ARQ situation I r-1 receive answer back C C := CACK? retransmit the code dtermined by C Fig.2 The operation frame of sender 1817 ntsturn to continuous transmission stituation receive a code j+l -+ j 1 4 no error error translation store the code in data buffers 7 j goes into the number buffer and data buffer leaves an empty position L I - (: j =M? I turn to sw ARQ situation I r back answer 1 send CACKasa send the number as a back answer error no error 4 code is sent in the data buffer determined by number.clear this number Fig.3 The operation frame of receiver 1818 ntsIf the length N of the error sequence E is too long, then we can get the average m the number of periods whose length equals to (Kt-1) the total period numbers EK) = C (K+I) x K=O Because the period numbers are equal to the numbers of symbol “ 1 ” in the sequence, so we can rewrite the above formula as: CO (K+l) X the number of periods whose length equals to (K-l-1) EK)=O XN the number of symbol 1 in the sequence N The sum of the numerator in the above formula equals N,so 1 p =- 1 N EK=the number of symbol 1 in the sequence Here p is the probability of the bit error in the channel. This means that the average length of non-error period is equal to the reversion of the probability of the bit error. This can be easily understand from the angle of physics. In our ARQ system, we take the average length of the non- error sequence to be the continuous transmission length. This makes the codes continuously pass in a non-error period. Therefore it can increase the communication efficiency. In the following, we will describe the system operation process in detail. ( 1 ). The continuous transmission code situation. When the sysrem begins to operate, it is in the continuous transmission situation. To the sender, data form the information resource are transmitted to the receiver after the channel coder outputs the anti - interference codes. At the same time, this code is also transimitted to be stored in the data buffer so as to appropriately retransimit the error code according to the answer from the receiver. The above process is repeated until all M codes have been sent. After that the sender will turn to the SW ARQ situation. To the receiver, codes from the channel are translated by channel translator. If there are no error, the codes are sent to be stored in the data buffer. If there are errors, then the number of this code (determined by the receiving sequence) are transmitted to the nLrnber buffer. In the 1819 ntsmeantime, the system leaves a position in the data buffer which it should occupy to store the error code. The process of receiving the codes in the receiver is continuous. When the receiver receives all M codes, it also turns to the SW ARQ. (2). The SW ARQ situation. In this situation, the receiver operation depends on whether or not the number buffer has the number. If there are numbers in it, the first of them will be sent back to the sender. After receiving this code, the sender will search the error code which the number designates in the data buffer and retransmites the original code again. In the receiver, it receives this code and translates it. If there is an error, it will requst the sender to retransimt again. Otherwise, this code will be sent to the proper position designated by the number. All the above process will be continued untill the total error in the M continuous transmission codes have been corrected. When the number buffer becomes empty, the receiver will send an answer CACK back to tell the sender that the whole M codes have been sucessfully received and then turns to the continuous transmission situation. When the sender receives the CACK answer, it also turn to the continuous transmission situation. The system repeats the above process untill the total codes which need to be transmitted have been sucessfully transmitted. The diagram of the above process is shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3. All these can be realized either by a hardware alone or can also be realized by a combination of hardware and software. 3. Analysis of the throughput. The througput is an important item to describe the feature of the feedbake error control system. It is defined as the proportion of the average information number which the receiver translator receives and sends to the user, to the average number of data sent by the sender per unit time. In the following, we will discuss the throughput of our system and compare it to that of the SW ARQ system. At first, we will seek out the average sending times of M codes in a continuous trammission group. We assume that n is the code length, K is the information bits length, R is the transmission speed and T is the loop delay time in the SW ARQ situation. If we suppose that the probability of bit error is p, then the probability of the receiver recevies correctly P, is : P,= (I-p) The probability of the code error occuring is: PB= l-Pc= 1- (1 -p) So the average transmission time N is: N = M +MpB + MPi + m During the N times transmission of M codes, there are M time in the continuous transmission situation , N - M times in the SW ARQ situation. Therefore, the time spent
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