高中英语 Unit2 English around the worldGrammar课件 新人教版必修1.ppt

let sreviewtogether 句子的成分 句子通常有两个部分构成 即主语与谓语 主语是句子的中心 谓语是说明主语的动作或状态的 谓语通常是动词或动词短语 后面常跟宾语或状语 句子的分类 1 陈述句 用来说明事实或说话人的看法的句子 叫陈述句 陈述句有肯定式和否定式两种形式 如 肯定陈述句 thisismypencil 否定陈述句 thisisnotmypencil 2 疑问句 用来提出问题的句子叫做疑问句 疑问句可分为有一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 选择疑问句 一般疑问句 areyouastudent 特殊疑问句 what syourname 选择疑问句 doyoulikeanappleoranorange 3 祈使句 表示命令 请求的句子称为祈使句 如 standup please bequick mayiuseyourpencil 4 感叹句 表示喜怒哀乐等感情的句子叫做感叹句 hownicethebookis whatanicebook 句子谓语动词的特点 含be动词am is are was were 含情态动词can will may must need could would等或含助动词do does或did3 含实义动词 除了be动词 情态动词和助动词外的所有动词 在be动词后面加not 在情态动词或助动词后面加not 借助于助动词do does或did 在do does或did后面加not 如果句子的主语是第三人称单数 用does 此时原句里的第三人称单数的动词要还原 如何将肯定陈述句变成否定陈述句 如何将陈述句变成疑问句 含be动词am is are was were2 含情态动词can will may must need could would等或含助动词do does或did3 含实义动词 除了be动词 情态动词和助动词外的所有动词 将be动词提前 将情态动词或助动词提前 借助于助动词do does或did 将do does或did提前 如果句子的主语是第三人称单数 用does 此时原句里的第三人称单数的动词要还原 练习 根据所给句子 填入所缺单词完成下列一般疑问句 1 heisastudent astudent 2 tomcanhelphismother tom hismother 3 mr hutaughtlucymathslastyear mr hu lucymathslastyear 4 mikeplayscomputergameseveryday mike computergameseveryday is he did teach play does help can 直接引语 间接引语 陈述句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 祈使句 四部走 做判断 变人称 和中文里的逻辑是一样的 要符合常理 变时态 变指示代词 时间状语 地点状语及方位性动词 祈使句此步骤省略 陈述句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 加that that可以省略 加if或者whether 再变成陈述句语序 用特殊疑问词开头 直接变成陈述句语序 1 做判断 谓语动词 saidthat toldme him themthat saidtome him themthat 谓语动词 asked sb if whether 谓语动词 asked sb 疑问词 祈使句 or orelse otherwise 简单句 表结果 祈使句 and 简单句 表结果 eg eatthreemealsaday youwillbecomefatter eatthreemealsaday youwillbecomethinner or and 祈使句 3 表达的是 建议 劝告 等含义 mand 命令 要求2 request 请求 乞求 advisesb todosth suggestdoingsth hesaid whynottakearestfirst hesaid whydon tyoutakearestfirst tomsaid let sgototheparkthisweekend suggestthat should dosth whatabouthavingadrink hesaid whatisthedifferenceamongthesentencesbelow openthewindow pleaseopenthewindow wouldyoupleaseopenthewindow command 命令 request 请求 notpolite verypolite givemethebook pleasegivemethebook wouldyoupleasegivemethebook usually givingcommandsislesspolitethanmakingrequests 通常 发号施令比做出请求更没有礼貌 commands do don t requests do pleasecanyou couldyou willyou wouldyou findtherules makesurethedoorisopen theteachersaidtome theteachertoldmetomakesurethedoorisopen don tplaygamesintheclassroom themonitorsaidtous themonitortoldusnottoplaygamesintheclassroom willyoupleasenotsmokehere sheadded sheaskedmenottosmokehere directspeech indirectspeech toldmeto toldusnotto askedmenotto rulesandpracticeofdirectandindirectspeech 当直接引语为祈使句时 转换为间接引语要用一个带动词不定式的简单句表示命令和请求 祈使句的直接引语和间接引语 1 表示命令的祈使句的间接引语句型 tell ordersb not todosth 1 openthedoor hesaid 2 putupyourhand hesaid 3 bequiet theteachersaidtothestudents hetold orderedmetoopenthedoor heordered toldmetoputupmyhand theteachertold orderedthestudentstobequite 4 don tsleepinclass theteachersaidtothestudents theteachertoldthestudentsnottosleepinclass 5 don tlaughatothers hisparentssaid hisparentstoldhimnottolaughatothers 6 don ttouchanything hesaidtohim hetoldhimnottotouchanything 2 表示请求的祈使句的变成间接引语 句型 ask begsb not todosth 1 pleaseopenyourbook theteachersaid theteacheraskedthestudentstoopenthebook 2 pleasedon tleaveme shesaidtohim shebeggedhimnottoleaveher 3 pleaseturnoffthelightswhenyouleavetheclassroom theteachersaidtohim theteacheraskedhimtoturnoffthelightswhenhelefttheclassroom 3 表示请求的一般疑问句的间接引语 句型 ask begsb not todosth 1 wouldyoupleaseopenthewindow hesaid heaskedmetoopenthewindow 2 mayiborrowyourpen hesaid heaskedmetolendhimmypen 特别提醒 1 祈使句变为间接引语 主要使用动词不定式 2 主句谓语动词要做一定变化 表示命令 用tell order command等 tell ordersb not todo表示请求 用ask beg request等 ask beg requestsb not todo表示忠告 用advise advisesb not tosth 祈使句 直引 主语 动词 祈使句 间引 主语 动词 toverbe g theteachersaidtome comein theteachertoldmetogoin johnsaidtome pleaseshutthewindow johnaskedmetoshutthewindow theteachersaidtome don tbelateagain theteacheradvisedmenottobelateagain openthewindow directspeech indirectspeech misshutold toopenthewindow willyoupleaseopenthewindow misshuasked toopenthewindow told to asked to don topenthewindow misshutold nottoopenthewindow not writealettertoyourparents don tplaygamesintheclassroom canyoupassonthebooktotom willyoupleasenotsmokehere theteachertoldmetowritealettertomyparents theteacherorderedmenottoplaygames theteacheraskedmetopassonthebooktotom theteacheraskedmenottosmokethere trytodothis theteachersaidtome r r c c 1 shetoldhimtoshutup iamsureiheardhersaytohim shutup 2 heaskedhertospeaklouder iamsureiheardhimaskher canyouspeaklouder please practice c r 3 shetoldhimtostopwastingtime iamsureiheardhersaytohim stopwastingtime 4 thegirlaskedherfathertotellherastory iamsureiheardheraskhim canyoutellmeastory r c directspeech requests do don t please canyou not couldyou not willyou not wouldyou not commands do don t indirectspeech commands told orderedsb not todosth requests askedsb not todosth dopage12 ex 2 practice 1 tomsaidtome speaklouder tomtold orderedmetospeakerlouder 2 don ttalkinclass theteachersaidtome theteachertold orderedmenottotalkinclass 3 mrs greensaid canyouhelpme tom mrs greenaskedtomtohelpher 4 willyoupleasenotreadaloudhere mybrothersaidtome mybrotheraskedmenottoreadaloudthere readthesesentencesanddecidewhichisacommandandwhichisarequest thenretelltheminindirectspeech thechildrensaidtotheirteacher wouldyoupleasesingasongforus themothersaidtoherchild turnofftheradio thedentistsaidtoapatient openyourmouthplease soicanseethebadtoothclearly r c r thechildrenaskedtheirteachertosingasongforthem themothertoldherchildtoturnofftheradio thedentistaskedhis herpatienttoopenhis hermouthsothathe shecouldseethebadtoothclearly 3 thesecretarysaidtothewomanonthephone couldyouholdonforaminute johnsaidtohisclassmate caniborrowyourpenplease theteachersaidtohisstudent comeuptomyoffice r r c thesecretaryaskedthewomanonthephonetoholdonforaminuteortwo johnaskedhisclassmateifhecouldborrowhispen theteachertoldhis herstudenttocomeuptohis heroffice 做判断 陈述句 一般疑问句 加that that可以省略 加if或者whether 再变成陈述句语序 用特殊疑问词开头 直接变成陈述句语序 command told orderedsb not todosth request askedsb not todosth 祈使句 疑问句 特殊疑问句 选择疑问句 感叹句 advice 用whether or表达 变成陈述句语序 advisedsb not todosth 用how或what引导 语序不变 或者用that引导的陈述句 做判断 谓语 陈述句 saidthat saidtosb that toldsb that 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 选择疑问句 asked sb if whether asked sb 特殊疑问词 asked sb whether or asked 祈使句 疑问句 command request advice told orderedsb not todosth askedsb not todosth advisesb not todosth suggestsb not todosth 做判断 谓语 陈述句 saidthat saidtosb that toldsb that 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 选择疑问句 asked sb if whether asked sb 特殊疑问词 asked sb whether or asked 祈使句 疑问句 command request advice told orderedsb not todosth askedsb not todosth advisesb not todosth suggestdoingsth suggestthat should do 做判断 谓语 陈述句 saidthat saidtosb that toldsb that 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 选择疑问句 asked sb if whether asked sb 特殊疑问词 asked sb whether or asked 祈使句 疑问句 command request advice told orderedsb not todosth askedsb not todosth advisesb not todosth suggest one s doingsth suggest tosb that should do 感叹句 做判断 谓语 陈述句 saidthat saidtosb that toldsb that 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 选择疑问句 asked sb if whether asked sb 特殊疑问词 asked sb whether or asked 祈使句 疑问句 command request advice told orderedsb not todosth askedsb not todosth advicesb not todosth suggest one s doingsth suggest tosb that should do 感叹句 用how或what引导 语序不变或者用that引导的陈述句 选择疑问句 heasked doyouspeakenglishorfrench heaskedmewhetherispokeenglishorfrench iasked willyoutakebusortaketrain iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakebusortaketrain 用whether or 表达 不可以用if or 特别提醒 1 祈使句变为间接引语 主要使用动词不定式 v sbtodosth 2 谓语动词要做一定变化 表示命令 用tell order command等 表示请求 用ask beg request等 表示忠告 用 advise suggest等等 感叹句 直引 主语 动词 感叹句 间引 主语 动词 陈述句e g hesaid whatafinedayitis hesaidwhatafinedayitwas hesaid howfinethedayis hesaidhowfinethedaywas hesaidthatitwasafineday 特别提醒 1 可以用what how这两个词引导的从句 也可以用that从句2 间接感叹句的动词said 原形 say 可以改为cried 原形 cry 或exclaimed 原形 exclaim 等等 3 hesaidtome areyouastudent 4 misshusaid iamateacher hisfathertoldhimtobemorecarefulthenexttime mr wangsaidthathewouldleaveforshang haionbusinessthenextmonth heaskedmeifiwasastudent misshusaidthatsheisateacher 1 youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime hisfathersaidtohim 2 mr wangsaid iwillleaveforshang haionbusinessnextmonth 5 haveyouanythinginterestingicanread george shesaid 6 hesaid whereisthenearestgasstation 7 don tusemobilephoneinclass shesaidtoherstudents 8 whatabeautifulgirlsheis tomsaid sheaskedifgeorgehadsomethinginterestingshecouldread heaskedwherethenearestgasstationwas shetoldherstudentsnottousemobilephoneinclass tomcriedwhatabeauti